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SVTH : Trn Nguyt Mai Trang Lp : 10CNVLH4 GVHD : TS. on Th Thu Loan

Tng quan l thuytChng 1. Cc k thut trng hp PVC

Chng 2. Trng hp huyn phChng 3. Tnh cht v ng dng Kt lun

Tng quan l thuyt1 2Lch s PVC

Nhu cu s dng

Khi nim Khi nimPolyvinylclorua (PVC) l loi nha nhit do c to thnh t phn ng trng hp vinylclorua (VC)

M hnh khng gian ca PVC

Lch s PVC

PVC c pht hin u tin vo nm 1835 bi Henri Regnault Nm 1926 tin s Waldo Semon pht hin ha cht do cho PVC khc phc nhc im khi gia cng Hin nay phng php sn xut PVC c ci tin v nng cao hiu sut n c s dng rng ri nhiu ni v nhiu lnh vc

Nhu cu s dng

Hnh 1. Tiu th PVC Ty u v Cng ha Sc, Hungary, Ba Lan v SlovakiaPVC c th lm ra rt nhiu dng sn phm v mc tng trng trung bnh trn quy m ton cu l 5%

Nhu cu s dng

Hnh 2. Kh nng cung cu PVC Vit Nam Sn xut PVC trong nc khng p ng nhu cu m phi nhp thm t nc ngoi

Cc k thut trng hp1. Trng hp khi 2. Trng hp trong dung dch 3. Trng hp huyn ph 4. Trng hp nh tng

Monome vinylclorua Trng hp khi

Cht khi u

Add Your Text

Khuy trn

Phng php n gin, cht lng sn phm km cung cp 10% tng sn lng PVC trn th gii

ch

Monome vinylclorua

Cht khi u Trng hp trong dung miAdd Your Text

Khuy trn

Dung mi

Xy ra phn ng chuyn mch, tn nng lng tch dung mi ra khi sn phm, khng kinh t t dng

Nc

Vinylclorua

Cht ngt mch phn ng

Trng hp huyn ph

Cht n nh huyn ph

Cht n nh pHCht khi mo

Cht n nh nhit

c s dng rng ri, khng gy ra hin tng nhit cc b, sn phm tinh khit

Nc

Cht khi u

Monome

Trng hp nh tngCht nh ha

Cht iu ha sc cng b mt

Cht iu chnh pH

Khng gy hin tng nhit cc b, polyme c khi lng phn t cao, sn phm cha nhiu tp cht

Trng hp huyn ph

1

Nguyn liu

23 4

C ch trng hpiu kin v cc yu t nh hng

Dy chuyn cng ngh v thuyt minh s

Nguyn liu Vinylclorua L nguyn liu chnh sn xut PVC Cng thc cu to L cht kh khng mu, c mi ete nh, khng tan trong nc, tan trong mt s dung mi hu c: axeton, ru etylic, HC thm Mt s thng s vt l

Nhit si: ts = -13,9oC Nhit nng chy: tnc = -159oC Khi lng ring -12,9oC : d = 0,9692g/cm3 n nhit ha hi: r = 85,7Kcal/kg Ngoi ra cn s dng mt s nguyn liu: nc, cht n nh huyn ph, cht khi mo, cht n nh nhit, cht n nh pH, cht ngt mch phn ng

C ch trng hp Giai on khi mo: khi mo nhit, quang dng cc cht bc x, khi mo bng cc cht khi mo ha hc

Cht khi mo ha hc Benzoyl peroxides

T-butyl hydro peroxide

2,2-Azobisizobutyronitrile (AIBN)

C ch trng hp Giai on pht trin mch:R* + CH2 CH Cl R CH2 CH H* Cl

Cc gc ca cht khi mo s tc dng vi monome to cc trung tm hot ng, cc trung tm hot ng tip tc tc dng vi monome thc hin phn ng pht trin mch

C ch trng hp Giai on ngt mch Ti hp gc

Bt t phn

iu kin v cc yu t nh hngNng cht khi mo

Nhit

Nng monome

O2 v tp cht

iu kin v cc yu t nh hngAdd Your Text

p sut

Dy chuyn cng ngh

Hnh 3. S dy chuyn cng ngh

Tnh cht v ng dng

Tnh cht

ng dng

ha tan

bn c hc bn ha cht

Tnh cht ca PVC bn nhit xp

cch in

ng dng ca PVCPVC cng PVC cng l PVC c

PVC mmPVC mm l PVC c trn thm cht ha do. PVC mm sn xut ra hng lot sn phm c tnh cht mm mi, c do khi h nhit . N ph hp trong gia cng cc sn phm nh mng mng, lp ph, bt nho, nha xp, vi gi da...

thnh phn ch yu l bt PVC, cht n nh nhit, cht ph gia, cht bi trn...(khng c cht ha do) PVC cng c dng lm ng dn nc, xng du v kh nhit khng qu 60o, cc thit b thng gi, dng bc cc kim loi lm vic trong mi trng n mn.

Mt s hnh nh

Co nha

Tm p trn

Tn nha

Ca cun

Khn tri bn

Vn nha

ng lun dy in

o ma

Cp xch

Kt lunPVC c nhng c tnh u vit: bn, n hi, tnh cht c hc, tnh kinh t Rt thun li cho vic thay th mt s vt liu khc: Kim loi, hp kim Gp phn tit kim ngun nng lng ang dn cn kit l du m Ra i sau nhng n chim u th trong nhiu ngnh cng nghip PVC rt cn cho cuc sng hin i v vy trong tng lai chng cn tr nn an ton hn, nh gn hn, trong sut hn, sch hn, bn hpn, r hn

Sinh vin: Trn Nguyt Mai Trang