simulation and analysis of wireless mesh network in smart grid / advanced metering infrastructure...
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Simulation and Analysis of
Wireless Mesh Network In
Smart Grid / Advanced Metering
Infrastructure
Masters Thesis
Philip Huynh
Spring 2011
Outline of the Talk
Introduction Related work Real-time Smart Grid Meter Data Collection using
Hybrid WiMAX/Wi-Fi Networks Smart Grid Wireless Infrastructure Planning (SG-
WIP) Tool. Simulation Results of SG-SIM Lessons Learned Future Direction Conclusion
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
Introduction What is the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)? The need to collect metering data in real-time
Save the material usage for the electric power generation by correctly predict the load demand and build the load profile
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
Wireless Mesh Network for AMI High scalable and performance networks
Can deploy on the large service areas: urban, suburb Low cost installation and maintenance
Secured networks: IEEE802.16, IEEE 802.11s
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
Wi-Fi mesh networks with WiMAX backhaul Wireless technologies (source: Intel)
CSU AMI Infrastructure
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
Related Work1. “Wireless Mesh Networks: A Survey” [AWW05]
The author presented many open research issues needed to be solved such as scalability, self-organization and self-configuration, security, network integration. The critical factors influencing protocol design were discussed for improvement objectives.
2. “The Nominal Capacity of Wireless Mesh Networks” [JS03]The authors shown that for WMNs the throughput of each node decreases as O(1/n), where n is total number of nodes in the network. Moreover, for a given topology and the set of active nodes, the upper bounds on the throughput of any node can be exactly calculated.
3. “Architecture and Algorithms for an IEEE 802.11-based Multi-channel Wireless Mesh Network” [RC05]
The author proposed a novel multi-channel WMN architecture that effectively addresses the bandwidth problem by fully exploiting non-overlapped radio channels that the IEEE 802.11 standards make available.
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
Related Work (2)4. “Multi-Channel Mesh Networks: Challenges and
Protocols” [KSCV06]The authors considered the use of multi-channel to improve the throughput of Wireless Mesh Network (WMN). The main challenges were highlighted and two link-layer protocols were presented for utilizing multiple channels
5. “Capacity of Grid-Oriented Wireless Mesh Networks” [ANMK08]
The author presented an analytical framework for determining the nominal capacity of multi-radio multi-channel Wireless Mesh Network (WMN). As the research conclusion, the effects of WMN design parameters such as network topology, network size, routing methods, channel assignment schemes etc. are interlinked and a judicious selection is essential to maximize capacity.
6. “Coverage and capacity of a wireless mesh network” [HWC05]The authors proposed a scalable multi-channel ring-based WMN architecture and developed an analytical framework to evaluate the capacity and coverage of such a network.
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
Related Work (3)
7. “The IEEE 802.11s Extended Service Set Mesh Networking Standard” [CK08]
The author presented how the developing IEEE 802.11s ESS Mesh Networking Standard draft addresses technical challenges of the pervasive development of wireless mesh networks (WMNs), the efficient allocation of mesh resources (routing and MAC layers), the protection of network resources (security and power savings), and the elimination of spatial bias (congestion control).
8. “An Improved IEEE 802.16 WiMAX Module for the ns-3 Simulator” [IPGT10]The authors presented the new features and enhancements that were integrated within the ns-3 WiMAX module. These proposed features can make easier and more realistic the evaluation and design of WiMAX systems.
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
Challenges & Approach Challenges in Design and Deployment AMI Network
using WMN How to evaluate the network performance: hundred thousands of
smart meters, complicated architecture How the scalability affects to the performance
Approach Develop a Network Topology Planning Tool Develop a Network Simulator for AMI Communication Network Simulate the network model and Analyze the results
Goals Develop techniques and tools to evaluate the performance of
AMI WMN.
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
Hybrid WiMAX/Wi-Fi Network Model
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
Hybrid WiMAX/Wi-Fi Network Model
(a) Example of WiMAX network (WAN) (b) Example of Wi-Fi mesh network (NAN)
(a)
(b)
SG-WIP Tool A mashup that overlays the wireless
infrastructure and GIS data (street light poles, housing units) on the Google Maps
Visually planning the Antenna mounting place for the WiMAX/Wi-Fi network
Export the network topology as XML file for further research
Can be integrated to the network simulator
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
SG-WIP: GUI
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
GUI includes components: Main Menu, Network Topology Overlay, Google Maps, and Topology Information Panel.
SG-WIP: Navigating Topologies
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) using WiMAX point-to-multi point: grid 10x10, 10 km x 10 km (WxH)
Neighborhood Area Network (NAN) using Wi-Fi mesh: grid 10x10, 1 km x 1 km (WxH)
SG-WIP: Exporting Topology
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
Local Area Network (LAN) using Wi-Fi point-to-multi point: square, 100 m x 100 m (WxH)
Exporting the LAN topology as an XML file
SG-WIP: Changing Antennae Position
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
WiMAX base station’s antennae: (a) Before changing, location at (5, 5); (b) After changing, location at (6, 9)
(a) (b)
SG-WIP: Code// Calculate the center point of the Colo Sprgs boundary house/building units
// Show the map of Colorado Springs
var csCenter = getCenter(new GeoRectangle(csSW, csNE));
var latlng = new google.maps.LatLng(csCenter.Latitude, csCenter.Longitude);
// Map's options
var myOptions = {
zoom: startZoom,
center: latlng,
mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP,
mapTypeControl: true,
navigationControl: true,
scaleControl: true
};
// Map object instance
map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("map-canvas"), myOptions);
// Add the network topology as an overlay object on map
polygon = new google.maps.Polygon({
paths: paths,
strokeColor: FillColor,
strokeOpacity: 1,
strokeWeight: LineWeight,
fillColor: FillColor,
fillOpacity: 0.01
});
polygon.setMap(map);
overlaysArray.push(polygon);
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
// Handle the Click event on the network topologygoogle.maps.event.addListener(polygon, 'click',
function(event) {var lat = event.latLng.lat();var lng = event.latLng.lng(); Network.clickEvent(lat, lng); }
// Geographical coordinates helper functions//This uses the ‘haversine’ formula to calculate great-circle
distances between //the two points – that is, the shortest distance over the
earth’s surface – // giving an ‘as-the-crow-flies’ distance between the points
(ignoring any hills!).function distance_between(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2){ var dLat = (lat2-lat1)*degrees_to_radians; var dLon = (lon2-lon1)*degrees_to_radians; var a = Math.sin(dLat/2) * Math.sin(dLat/2) + Math.cos(lat1*degrees_to_radians) *
Math.cos(lat2*degrees_to_radians) * Math.sin(dLon/2) * Math.sin(dLon/2); var c = 2 * Math.atan2(Math.sqrt(a), Math.sqrt(1-a)); var d = earth_radius * c; return d;}
});
SG-SIM Simulator
Implements the proposed hybrid WiMAX/Wi-Fi Network Model on NS-3 platform
The network simulator NS-3 isOpen source projectPopular and accepted by network research
community Parameters of the Simulator
Network types: WAN, MAN, NAN, LANNumber of nodes, Transmission RateOthers: network initialization time,…
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
SG-SIM: Code// Install node location for WiMAX base station, gateways
MobilityHelper mobility;
mobility.SetPositionAllocator ("ns3::GridPositionAllocator",
"MinX", DoubleValue (0.0),
"MinY", DoubleValue (0.0),
"DeltaX", DoubleValue (1000),
"DeltaY", DoubleValue (1000),
"GridWidth", UintegerValue (5),
"LayoutType", StringValue ("RowFirst"));
mobility.SetMobilityModel ("ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel");
mobility.Install (bsNodes);
mobility.Install (ssNodes);
// Create a packet sink to receive these packets
Address sinkLocalAddress (InetSocketAddress
(Ipv4Address::GetAny (), 50000));
PacketSinkHelper sinkHelper ("ns3::UdpSocketFactory",
sinkLocalAddress);
ApplicationContainer sinkApp = sinkHelper.Install (serverNode);
sinkApp.Start (Seconds (start));
sinkApp.Stop (Seconds (duration));
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
// Install the app on the SS nodes
for (int i=0; i<nbSS; i++) {
// build the application
Ptr<SgOnOffApplication> sgOnOff =
CreateObject<SgOnOffApplication>();
sgOnOff->SetAttribute ("Protocol",
StringValue ("ns3::UdpSocketFactory"));
sgOnOff->SetAttribute ("OnTime",
RandomVariableValue (ConstantVariable (1)));
sgOnOff->SetAttribute ("OffTime",
RandomVariableValue (ConstantVariable (0)));
sgOnOff->SetAttribute ("DataRate",
DataRateValue (DataRate (m_packetDataRate)));
sgOnOff->SetAttribute ("PacketSize",
UintegerValue (lenPacket));
sgOnOff->SetAttribute ("Remote",
remoteAddress);
sgOnOff->SetStartTime (Seconds (start + 0.000001*i));
ssNodes.Get (i)->AddApplication(sgOnOff);
}
Simulation Experiments
Experiment Design Vision Evaluate the performance of AMI Infrastructure How the scalability impacts to the performance
Measure the performance of network with many source nodes at the specific Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
Confirm to smart meter density analysis (using SG-WIP)
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
LAN Simulation Results
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
20
40
60
80
100
120
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
WLAN (IEEE 802.11a) w/ variable SMs Simula-tion
Packets Tx Packets Rx
Total Processing Delay (us)
SMs
Pac
kets
Tim
e (u
s)
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
•Tx packets = Rx packets•Total processing delay increases linearly with the number of smart meter
NAN Simulation Results
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 90
100
200
300
400
500
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
WNAN (IEEE 802.11s Mesh) w/ variable APs Simulation
Packets Tx Avg. Packets Rx
Total Processing Delay (us)
APs
Pac
kets
Tim
e (u
s)
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
•Tx packets = Rx packets•Total processing delay increases rapidly with the number of mesh routers.
MAN Simulation Results
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
200400600800
1,0001,2001,4001,6001,8002,000
920,000
930,000
940,000
950,000
960,000
970,000
980,000
990,000
1,000,000
WMAN (IEEE 802.16d) w/ variable GWs Simula-tion
Packets Tx Avg. Packets Rx
Total Processing Delay (us)
GWs
Pac
kets
Tim
e (u
s)
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
•Tx packets = Rx packets•Total processing delay converges to 930 msecs. It caused by 5 msecs fixed frame time in IEEE 802.16 standard.
MAN Simulation Results (2)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 180
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
940,000945,000950,000955,000960,000965,000970,000975,000980,000985,000990,000
WMAN (IEEE 802.16d) w/ 10 GWs, various sub-packet lengths simulation
Packets Tx Packets Rx Total Sub Packet Tx
Total Sub Packet Rx Total Processing Delay (us)
Number of meter data packets
Pac
kets
Tim
e (u
s)
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
Impact on the network performance by aggregating meter data at the gateway•Tx packets = Rx packets when number of meter packets < 16•Tx packets > Rx packets when number of meter packets >= 16 (caused by UDP packet fragmentation)•Total processing delay increases slowly with the number of meter packets
WAN Simulation Results
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
WAN (Star Topology) w/ various cable lengths simulation
Packets Tx Packets Rx Total Meter Packet Tx
Total Meter Packet Rx Total Processing Delay (us)
Cable Length (km)
Pac
kets
Tim
e (u
s)
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
•The total processing time was linearly increased with the length of the optical cables.
Lessons Learned
• Development of SG-WIP Tool• Challenges in testing and debugging source code for
Web application (used PHP/JavaScript)• GIS Information Acquisition: time consuming process
• Development of SG-SIM Simulator • Found the bug in NS-3 WiMAX module that can affect
the simulation results and reported to NS-3 community at: http://www.nsnam.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=1025
• Simulation Experiments in NS-3• The initialization phase of wireless networks• Bugs in Wi-Fi Mesh, WiMAX modules
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
Future Direction
• Fully integrate the SG-WIP tool with SG-SIM simulator
• Improve the antenna placement algorithm• Increase availability of wireless networks
• Database systems for storing the real-time meter data
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
Conclusion The proposed WiMAX/Wi-Fi WMN can transport the
meter data from 160,000 smart meters in the CSU service areas to the data center in one second.
The high scalability property of WiMAX/Wi-Fi WMN helps flexibly extend the coverage area of the AMI wireless infrastructure without degrading the network performance.
The proposed WiMAX/Wi-Fi infrastructure allows the utilities deploying an AMI wireless communication infrastructure not only at low cost of installation and maintenance but also with high performance, scalability, and security.
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
Demo
Illustrate network topology planning with SG-WIP Toolhttp://scad.eas.uccs.edu/sgwip/wan.html
Some demonstrations of SG-SIM simulator
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
References [DoE01] U.S. Department of Energy, “Smart Grid”, <http://www.oe.energy.gov/smartgrid.htm> [DoE02] U.S Department of Energy, “Smart Grid: An Introduction”, <http://www.oe.energy.gov/SmartGridIntroduction.htm> [Wiki01] “Smart Grid”, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_grid> [NIST10] National Institute of Standards and Technology, “NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 1.0”, Jan. 2010. [NETL08] National Energy Technology Laboratory, white paper “Advanced Metering infrastructure”, February 2008. [Chow09] Edward Chow, Lecture “Secure Smart Grids”, Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 2009. [IEEE11] IEEE Standard 802 Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, 2007. [IEEE15] IEEE Standard 802 Part 15.1: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Personal Area Networks (WPANs), 2005. [IEEE16] IEEE Standard 802 Part 16: Air Interface for Broadband Wireless Access Systems, 2009. [IEEE11s] IEEE, “Draft amendment: ESS mesh networking”, IEEE P802.11s Draft 1.00, November 2006. [Moh01] Prasant Mohapatra, Lecture “Wireless Mesh Networks”, Department of Computer Science University of California, Davis. [AWW05] I. F. Akyildiz, X. Wang, and W. Wang, "Wireless Mesh Networks: A Survey," Computer Networks Journal (Elsevier), vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 445-487, Mar. 2005. [Kri01] Srini Krishnamurthy, “Smart AMI Network Solutions Enable the Smart Grid”, ElectricEnergyOnline.com, <http://www.electricenergyonline.com/?
page=show_article&mag=55&article=395> [Met01] MetroFi, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MetroFi> [Sky01] SkyPilot, <http://skypilot.trilliantinc.com> [Eka01] EkaNet, <http://www.ekasystems.com/ekanet.htm> [JS03] J. Jangeun and M. L. Sichitiu, “The Nominal Capacity of Wireless Mesh Networks,” in IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine, October 2003, vol. 10 no. 5, pp. 8–14. [RC05] A. Raniwala and T. cker Chiueh, “Architecture and Algorithms for an IEEE 802.11-based Multi-channel Wireless Mesh Network,” in Proceedings of INFOCOM 2005, March 2005,
vol. 3, pp. 2223–2234. [ANMK08] Akhtar, Nadeem and Moessner, Klaus, “Capacity of Grid-Oriented Wireless Mesh Networks”, 3rd International Conference on Communication Systems Software and
Middleware and Workshops, Volumes 1 and 2 . pp. 631-636. [HWC05] Jane-Hwa Huang, Li-Chun Wang, Chung-Ju Chang, “Coverage and capacity of a wireless mesh network”, Wireless Networks, Communications and Mobile Computing, 2005
International Conference on, Vol. 1 (2005), pp. 458-463. [CK08] Joseph D. Camp and Edward W. Knightly, “The IEEE 802.11s Extended Service Set Mesh Networking Standard”, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 46, No. 8. (August 2008),
pp. 120-126. [KSCV06] P. Kyasanur, J. So, C. Chereddi, and N. H. Vaidya ,”Multi-Channel Mesh Networks: Challenges and Protocols”, in IEEE Wireless Communications, April 2006. [IPGT10] Mohamed Amine Ismail, Giuseppe Piro, Luigi Alfredo Grieco, Thierry Turletti, “An Improved IEEE 802.16 WiMAX Module for the ns-3 Simulator”, Proceedings of SIMUTools
Conference, 2010 , March, 2010. [INTL04] Intel Corporation, white paper “Understanding Wi-Fi and WiMAX as Metro-Access Solutions”, 2004. [LLT03] B. Liu, Z. Liu, and D. Towsley, "On the capacity of hybrid wireless networks", in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, Mar. 2003, vol. 2, pp. 1543-1552. [ZR06] S. Zhao and D. Raychaudhuri, "On the Scalability of Hierarchical Hybrid Wireless Networks, Proceedings of the Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS 2006),
March 2006, pp. 711-716. [ZSR04] S. Zhao, I. Seskar and D. Raychaudhuri, "Performance and Scalability of Self-Organizing Hierarchical Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks," Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless
Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC'04), Atlanta, GA. March 2004, pp. 132-137. [OSI] “OSI Model”, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model> [Wimax] WiMAX community, <http://www.wimax.com> [NS3] The Network Simulator Ns-3, <http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/> [NCTU01] NCTUns 6.0 Network Simulator and Emulator, <http://nsl.csie.nctu.edu.tw/nctuns.html> [NCTU02] “The Protocol Developer Manual for the NCTUns 6.0”, Network and System Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan 2010. [HSWL07] S.M. Huang, Y.C. Sung, S.Y. Wang, and Y.B. Lin, “NCTUns Simulation Tool for WiMAX Modeling,” Third Annual International Wireless Internet Conference, October 22 – 24,
2007, Austin, Texas, USA. (EI and ISI indexed, sponsored by ICST, ACM, and EURASIP) [SH06] N.B. Salem and J.P. Hubaux, "Securing Wireless Mesh Networks," Wireless Comm., vol. 13, no. 2, 2006, pp. 50–55. [PSC06] Michael Purvis, Jeffrey Sambells, and Cameron Turner, “Beginning Google Maps Applications with PHP and Ajax”, Apress, 2006. [Goog01] Google Maps JavaScript V3, <http://code.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/javascript/>
Masters Thesis Philip Huynh Spring 2011
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