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Bairros em Lisboa 2012
The role of urban neighbourhoods ('bairros') in the 21st century urban context
Filipa Ramalhete
Assunção Gato
Coordenation: CEACT/UAL - Centro de Estudos de Arquitectura, Cidade e Territórioda Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa
Partners: IHRU – SIPA | e-Geo | CML
Is the concept of neighbourhood (bairro) still essential in the 21st century urban context?
Which aspects are crucial for the residents to consider their urban area as a neighbourhood?
Is the point of view from the ‘old residents’ different from the ‘new gentrification’ ones?
Is the concept itself part of emerging residential patterns?
SIEF 2011
“It is this social diversity, and not just the diversity of buildings and uses, that gives the city its soul.”
“In the areas where hipsters and gentrifiers live there’s a new cosmopolitanism in the air: tolerant, hip, casual. And that isn’t bad. But little by little the old ethnic neighbourhoods they have moved into are dying, along with the factories where longtime residents plied their trades and the Irish bars, Latino bodegas, and black soul food restaurants where they made their homes away from home. The people who seemed so rooted in these neighbourhoods are disappearing.”
Sharon Zukin (2010), Naked City: the death and life of authentic urban places, Oxford University Press, New York
“Cuanto mayor sea la variedad de usos que tenga un barrio, más sustentable resultará”
Alvarez de Celis in clarin.com (5/4/2011)
SIEF 2011
The Project Lisbon Bairros in 2012 Starting point - Bairro is…• an architectural reality within a temporal series;• an urban reality where people live as neighbours, with no administrative or political
correspondence;• an area with blurred physical limits but with a strong common memory and identity;• a geographic basis where we observe various time, spatial and social layers;• a place which promotes identity marks, shared by the community, and socially
recognized;• a place where we observe the intersection the material and objective aspects of
social life and the subjective aspects of its cultural representations;• a place where we “grow up” and build memories, both at an individual and social
level;• a word (and a concept) that went from “invisible” to “omnipresent” in Lisbon
municipal planning;• something worth studying to understand present and future planning options.
SIEF 2011
The Project Lisbon Bairros in 2012 Objectives
• Study the bairro as a physical / architectural reality, but also as an historic and social / anthropological context, lived and represented by its inhabitants.
• Understand the various contexts (spatial, historic, architectural, social) associated to the concept.
• Understand the subjacent criteria to define a part of the city as a bairro, in a plural contemporary context.
• Establish a typological characterisation of Lisbon’s neighbourhoods.
• 6 case studies to help understand the role of Lisbon bairros in the present urban context.
• Self-definition as a fundamental issue.
SIEF 2011
The Project2010• Multidisciplinary team concerned with spatial planning (architecture, anthropology,
geography, history, economy) | Partnerships (IHRU | e-Geo | CML)• Theoretical research | field work preparation• Typological analysis• Mapping2011• Round table O lugar do Bairro• Fieldwork in 6 neighbourhoods (questionnaires - 600 + 120 - and interviews).
– Questionnaire: • Concept, representation and opinion• Activities performed in and outside the neighbourhood• Characterisation of the individual inquired• Mental map
• Historic cartography2012• Final analysis and intervention proposals (SIA – International Architecture Seminar)
SIEF 2011
Graça
Convento da Graça
Rossio, séc XVII
Vista panorâmica da cidade obtida do miradouro da Graça
Colina de São Gens
Vila Operária “Estrela de Ouro” 1908
Vista panorâmica sobre a colina do Castelo obtida a partir de S. Gens
Largo da Graça
SIEF 2011
Reasons for Graça to be a neighbourhood (bairro)
Traditional commercePeople
"Everybody knows everybody""It has everything"
Relationship between inhabitantsHistory
Traditional neighbourhoodAncient
ArchitectureAged people
"It's not anymore"Services
Geographic position"It is inhabited"
SurroundingsPublic spaces
Long term inhabitantsPedestrian movement
"Country in the city"Traditions
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
2929
1714
766
44
33333
222222
8
8
3
4
54
23
Less than a year1 to 5 years6 to 10 years11 to 20 yearsMore than 20 yearsSince always
SIEF 2011
Years of residence
12
3157
No relashionshipConversation without friendshipFriendship
Degree of relationship with the neighbours
SIEF 2011
Activities performed inside the neighbourhood
Go for a coffee
Buying newspaper
Buying bread
Go for a walk
Shop for food
Shop for clothes
Go to the cinema / theatre
Going out at night
Religious service
Sports
Going to the hairdresser / barber
School
Playground
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
InsideOutsideBothNon applicableDK/DA
SIEF 2011
Graça - Limits
Is the concept of neighbourhood (bairro) still essential in the 21st century urban context? Yes!
Which aspects are crucial for the residents to consider their urban area as a neighbourhood? Urban functions and inhabitants... People (and commerce) do make places.
Is the point of view from the ‘old residents’ different from the ‘new gentrification’ ones? Not in this case study?
Is the concept itself part of emerging residential patterns? Yes, new residents search for this specific neighbourhood.
Questions remain and appear...
SIEF 2011
Our team
UAL: Filipa Ramalhete | Assunção Gato | Cristina Dias | Joana Afonso | Sara Machado | Bruno NevesE-Geo: Nuno SoaresIHRU: Margarida Tavares da Conceição | Luís Marques | Rute FigueiredoCML: Pedro GriloFieldwork: João Ortigão Ramos | Maria Castilho | Miguel Esteves | Pedro PedroFábio Fonseca | Isa Esteves
Photo credits: Nuno Soares
SIEF 2011
The historical neighborhoods of central Lisbon are perfect for those who visit the Portuguese capital to experience for themselves. Their culture, the history, the architecture and the people are fundamental aspects of Lisbon’s identity, and those who explore them will discover their own personal map. There are so many possibilities, don't let them get away.
Turismo de Portugal, www.visitlisbon.com, Fev. 2011.
SIEF 2011
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