semester 2, day 6 dna, rna, proteins, and semiconservative replication
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Semester 2, Day 6
DNA, RNA, Proteins, and Semiconservative Replication
Agenda Study for Quiz Turn in Homework Quiz on Cells Lecture on DNA, RNA, Proteins, and
Semiconservative replication
Study Prokaryotic Bacteria Cell Eukaryotic Animal Cell Eukaryotic Plant Cell You should be able to label all organelles in
any type of cell You should be able to tell me the function of
each organelle in a cell
Homework Due Annotation: Sections 6.1, 6.2, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6 Concept Checks for each Section Chapter 6 Review
#1, 2, 4-10, 14-17, 19
DNA, RNA, and Proteins Recall: Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA) are
macromolecules made up of linked monomers called nucleotides
Nucleotides - Sugars we’ll look at:
P
O
O
O-O-
Sugar
NitrogenousBase
Image Source: www.tutorhelpdesk.com
“un-oxygen”
difference of an oxygen
For DNA For RNA
DNA, RNA, and Proteins Nucleotides – Nitrogenous bases we’ll look at:
(DNA only)
(RNA only)
Image Source: www.cmlab.csie.ntu.edu.tw
DNA, RNA, and Proteins Chargaff’s Data:
% of Nitrogenous Bases in DNA
Organism
A T G C
E. Coli 26.0 23.9 24.9 25.2
Yeast 31.3 30.9 18.7 17.1
Rat 28.6 28.4 21.4 21.5
Human 30.9 29.4 19.9 19.8
A T G C
Purine with Pyrimidine
Image Source: bio1151.nicerweb.com
DNA, RNA, and Proteins X-Ray Diffraction:
Image Source: legacy.hopkinsville.kctcs.edu
Rosalind Franklin’s Photo 51= DOUBLE HELIX
Image Source: lebbeuswoods.wordpress.com
DNA, RNA, and Proteins Watson and Crick
Zoom-In
Cytosine & Guanine pair
w/ 3 hydrogen
bonds
Adenine & Thymine pair w/ 2 hydrogen
bonds
2 outside strands of alternating
deoxyribose sugars & phosphates
Image Source: academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu
DNA, RNA, and Proteins Why is DNA a double helix?
Image Source: whitni13.blogspot.com
Phosphates & sugars
are hydrophilic
( H2O)
Water can
enter here
Nitrogenous bases are hydrophobic ( H2O)
Space
Space
Space
Twisting shape minimizes
where water can get in
Antiparallel strands aid in creating the double helix
DNA, RNA, & Proteins RNA Structure (Single Stranded):
Uracil, NOT
Thymine
Image Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Difference_DNA_RNA-EN.svg
DNA, RNA, & Proteins RNA can fold into itself:
Image Source: www.uic.edu
DNA, RNA, & Proteins 3 Types of RNA:
mRNA rRNA tRNA
“messenger” “ribosomal” “transfer”
Carries genetic info from DNA (in nucleus) to
ribosome (in cytoplasm)
Combines with a protein to form the ribosome
Transports amino acids to the ribosome
rRNA Image Source: www.sparknotes.comtRNA Image Source: www.wiley.commRNA Image Source: www.yalescientific.org
DNA, RNA, and Proteins Proteins are essential to life: antibodies, enzymes,
hormones, structure, storage, transport, etc. A macromolecule made of linked monomers called
amino acids:
H2N C COOH
H
R
-NH2 (amine group)-COOH (carboxylic acid)
Side chain different from each of the 20 amino acidsImage Source: commons.wikimedia.org
DNA, RNA, and Proteins Proteins: Complex 3D
Structure
Primary Structure: order of
amino acids in a protein (a.k.a.
“polypeptide chain”).
Secondary Structure: coiling or
pleating.
Tertiary Structure: coils &
pleats attract each other.
Quaternary Structure: multiple
proteins grouped together.
Image Source: www.contexo.info
DNA, RNA, and Proteins Only 20 amino acids, BUT:
Any NUMBER of amino acids Any ORDER of amino acidsMillions of Protein Combinations!
Image Source: www.irbbarcelona.org
Semiconservative Replication
Problems A T T C G A T G C C A A A T G G C G A
C C T G C G A T C C A T T C G A G A T
T T A C A T A A G C G C C C T A T C G
A A A T A C G A T T G G C G A A T A T
Reading/Work Time Packet Work: Cornell Notes for the following:
Section 11.1 Section 11.2 Section 11.3
Questions: 11.1: #1-3 11.2: #1-3 11.3: #1-3 Chapter 11 Assessment: #1-2, 8-11, 13, 16, 18
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