section Ⅰ introduction & reading and vocabulary

Section Ⅰ　 Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary

Step One：Warming up

Do you like doing scientific experiments?

What should you pay attention to when you are carrying out an experiment in a lab?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

答案：　 Carrying out an experiment in a lab is very dangerous.You must be careful and do the experiment under your teacher’s guidance.

Step Two： Fast reading

Read the two passages (P44－ 45) quickly and answer the following questions.

1．What should we know when we use metals?

________________________________________________________________________

答案：　 We should know how metals react with different substances.

2．What will happen to copper when it is kept in water?

________________________________________________________________________

答案：　 No reaction /Nothing.

3．Why is oil added to the water?

________________________________________________________________________

答案：　 To keep air out of the water.

4．What is the use of the cotton wool in the test tube?

________________________________________________________________________

答案：　 Keeping air dry.

Step Three： Careful reading

Read the text (P44－ 45) carefully and choose the best answers.

1．Which of the following metals reacts most with water?

A． Copper. 　　　　 B． Iron.

C． Aluminium. D． Sodium.

答案：　 D

2． According to Passage A， which of the following reacts most easily when it is heated in oxygen?

A． Aluminium. B． Iron.

C． Steel. D． Copper.

答案：　 A

3．We can know from the experiment________.

A． how iron rusts with oil

B． iron is quite easy to rust

C． how we can prevent iron from rusting

D． how iron reacts with all the other substances

答案：　 C

4． If some clean iron nails are kept in a wet place for a week， the nails will________.

A． rust

B． not rust

C． form an oxide

D． keep the place dry

答案：　 A

5． This passage mainly talks about ________.

A． all kinds of metals

B． what kind of metal reacts most

C． the different reactions of metals

D． how metals react

答案：　 C

Step Four： Summary

Different metals have different uses.When we use metals， it is important to know how they react with different 1.____________.The 2.____________of metals with these substances can be put in order.From the table， we can find potassium reacts the most with oxygen and water while copper 3.____________react with water.When we heat calcium in oxygen， it burns to 4.____________an oxide.

To find out if iron rusts in dry air， in air free water and in 5.____________water.Let’s do a simple scientific experiment.We need different pieces of 6.____________， which are clean iron nails， test tubes， a test tube holder， some cotton wool， oil and a Bunsen burner.

Well， first， put some iron nails at the 7.____________of a test tube.Then push some cotton wool down the tube.Next， leave the tube for one week.After one week， the nails have not 8.____________.It shows that iron doesn’t rust when the air is dry.

In the second part of the experiment， you must boil the water to make sure there is no air in it.You add some oil to the water because this 9.____________air out of it.It also shows that iron does not rust in water without air in it.10.____________， the nails rust in the tube with ordinary water in the third part of the experiment.

That is how iron reacts with air and with water.

答案：　 1.substances 　 2.reaction 　 3.doesn’t 　4.form

5． ordinary 　 6.equipment 　 7.bottom 　8.rusted 　 9.keeps

10． However

expand v ．膨胀；扩大，扩张( 课文原句 P41)When you heat a metal， it expands.

当你加热一种金属的时候，它会膨胀。①Student numbers are expanding rapidly.

学生人数在迅速增加。

②Air expands when heated. 空气受热膨胀。③The writer expanded his short novel into a long one.

那位作者把他的短篇小说扩展为长篇。④His company expanded into a big one.

他的公司扩大规模而成为大公司。

1.McDonald’s has________its business by opening more stores in big cities.

A． expanded 　 B． spread

C． increased D． improved

解析：　 expand one’s business扩大生意。答案：　 A

stage n． [C] 阶段，时期；舞台( 课文原句 P44)Put these words in the correct order to describe the stages of a scientific experiment.

把下列词按正确的顺序排列来描述一个科学实验的阶段。①The peace talk has reached an important stage.

和平会谈已达到重要阶段。

②The project has reached a stage where we must make a choice.

这项工程已达到我们必须做出选择的阶段。③Tom stood on the stage， feeling very nervous.

汤姆站到舞台上，感到非常紧张。

2.They’re getting to the stage________they hardly ever go out together to have dinner.

A． what B． that

C． where D． which

解析：　此题考查定语从句， where在从句中作地点状语。答案：　 C

3 ．完成句子It is no use talking about the result________ ________ ________( 在这个阶段 ) ．答案：　 at this stage

react vi. 反应react with...与……发生 ( 化学 ) 反应react against sth./sb. 反对，反抗( 课文原句 P44)When we use metals， it is important to know how they react with different substances， for example， water and oxygen.当我们使用金属时，懂得它们与其他物质比如水和氧气怎样发生反应，这是很重要的。

①I wasn’t sure how you would react to the decision.我不确定你会对这个决定有什么反应。②Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. 铁与水和空气起反应而生锈。③Many young people react against traditional values.许多年轻人反对传统的价值观。

reaction n．反应( 课文原句 P44)The reaction of metals with these substances can be put in order.( 不同的 ) 金属与这些物质的反应程度可以按顺序排列起来。

4. 完成句子① 遇到危险时，我们的第一反应就是跑开。Running away is________ ________ ________when we meet danger.

② 孩子们通常以违背父母的意愿来反抗他们。Children tend to________ ________their parents by going against their wishes.

答案：　① our first reaction 　② react against

form

(1)v.(使 ) 形成；使 ( 组成 ) ；养成( 课文原句 P44)Burns to form an oxide 燃烧生成氧化物We should form a good habit to keep healthy.

我们应该养成好习惯以保持健康。

(2)n. 形式，形状；表格，格式in the form of以……形式，呈……状态fill in/out a form 填表格Help in the form of money will be very welcome.

以钱的形式资助将十分受欢迎。Please fill in the following form. 请填写下面的表格。

5.You’d sound a lot more polite if you make a quest________a question.A． in search of 　　　 B． in the form ofC． in need of D． instead of解析：　句意为：如果你以问题的形式提出要求，那会显得更有礼貌。 in the form of以……形式。答案：　 B

6 ．完成句子My son has________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________( 养成早起的习惯 ) in the morning.

答案：　 formed the habit of getting up early

conclusion n．结论arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论make a conclusion 下结论in conclusion 最后，作为结束( 课文原句 P45)Conclusion： Iron does not rust in dry air.结论：铁在干燥的空气中不生锈。

①I arrived at/came to/drew/reached the conclusion that he had been lying. 我看他是在撒谎。②In conclusion， I’d like to say that the work has been well done.

最后，我想说这工作做得不错。

conclude vt. 下结论，推断，结束③The book concluded with a happy ending.

这本书以大团圆作为结束。④The police concluded that the driver of the car was to blame for the accident. 警方断定这辆轿车的司机应该为这次事故负责。

7. 完成句子① 你们从这个故事中得出了什么结论？________ ________ ________ ________ ________from the story?② 最后我想说我在这里过得非常愉快。________ ________， I’d like to say how much I’ve enjoyed staying here.答案：　① What conclusion did you reach 　② In conclusion

aim

(1) n．目标，目的take aim at sb./sth. 把目标对准某人 / 某物with the aim of 目的是…… ①The aim of the course is to improve students’ reading skills.

这门课程的目的是提高学生的阅读技巧。

②She went to London with the aim of finding a job. 她去伦敦是为了找工作。 ③The hunter took aim at the lion.猎人瞄准了狮子。 (2)aim v．试图，找算；意欲，旨在；瞄准，对准 aim to do sth.意欲做……，打算做…… aim (sth.) at sb./sth.(用……)瞄准/对准某人/物

be aimed at sth.旨在……，目的在于……sb.针对某人；适宜某人

④Obama is aiming to reduce the unemployment by 50%. 奥巴马正力求使失业人数下降 50%。 ⑤What I said yesterday was not aimed at her. 我昨天的话不是针对她的。

be aimed at

④Obama is aiming to reduce the unemployment by 50%.

奥巴马正力求使失业人数下降 50% 。⑤What I said yesterday was not aimed at her.

我昨天的话不是针对她的。

[ 助记 ]

8. 完成句子① 这个反吸烟组织是针对青少年的。This anti smoking organisation________ ________ ________young teenagers.② 我们访问学校，目的是使年轻人对戏剧感兴趣。We visit schools________ ________ ________ ________getting young people interested in the theatre.答案：　① is aimed at 　② with the aim of

9．My remarks________at you at all.That is to say， I didn’t aim my words________you at all.

A． didn’t aim； to 　　　B． doesn’t aim； on

C． were not aimed； at

D． were not aiming； for

解析：　此题考查短语 be aimed at 或 aim at对准……的用法。答案：　 C

put...in order 把……按顺序排列，把……收拾 /整理得有条不紊( 课文原句 P44)The reaction of metals with these substances can be put in order.

金属与这些物质的反应程度可以按顺序排列起来。①It has become her habit to put everything in order.

把物品放得有条不紊已成为她的习惯。

in good order井然有序out of order混乱； ( 机器等 ) 出故障，失灵②Sorry，my telephone is out of order.

不好意思，我的电话出故障了。

10. 完成句子整理书后，他高高兴兴地出去散步了。After his books________ ________ ________ ________， he went out for a walk.

答案：　 were put in order

add...to...往……加入……( 课文原句 P45)Add some oil to the water.往水中加些油。①Shall I add some sugar to your coffee?要我往你的咖啡里加糖吗？

add to 增加，增添add up sth.＝ add sth.together 把某物加起来add up to共计，共达add补充说

②The bad weather added to our difficulties.

坏天气增加了我们的困难。③These numbers add up to 100. 这些数字合计为100 。④Please add up all these numbers.

把这些数字都加起来。⑤He added that they would return a week later.

他补充说他们一周后回来。

11.用 add 短语的适当形式填空①This music______________our pleasure and makes us relaxed.②Please______________these figures and you will know the result of the competition.③Do you believe that Lincoln’s education______________no more than one year?

④Since then， the Great Wall has been______________， rebuilt and repaired， especially during the Ming Dynasty.

⑤Please________sugar and milk________your coffee.They will make it more delicious.

答案：　① adds to ；② add up ；③ added up to；④ added to ；⑤ add； to

Two thirds of the earth’s surface is water.

地球表面的 2/3 是水。(1) 在英语中，表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于 1 时，表示分母的序数词要用复数，并且要在分子和分母之间加上连字符“ ” 。1/3 one third 　 4/5 four fifths

12，

14，

34除用序数词作分母外，更常用 half 和

quarter。 12：a half，one half；

14：a quarter，one quarter，

one fourth； 34：three quarters，three fourths

(2) 分数、百分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于其后面的名词。Only one third of the work has been done by now.到现在为止仅完成了 1/3 的工作。Over four fifths of the students in our school are from countryside. 我们学校 4/5 以上的学生来自农村。

12. 用所给词的适当形式填空①五分之二的粮食用来饲养牲口。Two fifths of the grain________(be) used to feed animals.

②百分之九十的吸烟者是男性。Ninety percent of the smokers________(be) male.

答案：　① is 　② are

A quarter is the same as 25 percent (25%) ．四分之一等于百分之二十五。the same as和……一样，为固定搭配， as 不可换作他词， as 后可接代词、副词，也可接名词从句。①My bag is the same as yours. 我的袋子和你的相同。②The student has made the same mistake as last time.

那个学生犯了和上次相同的错误。

③She goes to the same university as her father did.

她现在就读的那所大学是她父亲当年学习的地方。注意： the same＋ n.＋ as引导的从句表示同类，而 the same＋ n.＋ that 从句指同一个事物。

This is the same wallet that I lost a week ago.

这就是我一星期前遗失的皮夹。 ( 同一个 )

This is the same wallet as I lost a week ago.

这个钱夹和我一星期前丢的那个一模一样。 ( 同类 )

13. 完成句子你的意见和我的一样。Your opinion is________ ________ ________mine.

答案：　 the same as

Ⅰ.单词拼写1. What________( 结论 ) do you draw from the evidence？ Please tell me at once.答案：　 conclusion2．Mr Li’s________( 目标 ) is to finish writing two books before going abroad this summer.答案： 　 aim

3．Water and ice are the same________( 物质 ) in different forms.

答案： 　 substance

4． The girl kept her________( 平衡 ) with a long stick in her hands.

答案： 　 balance

5．We are proud of having all the latest e________in our chemistry lab.

答案： 　 equipment

6． Children should f________good habits from the very beginning.

答案： 　 form

7． If you put some salt into the water， it will d________soon.

答案： dissolve

8．We can’t imagine how people live without e________in modern times.

答案： electricity

Ⅱ. 短语翻译1． add...____... 　　 往……加入……2． two thirds ____ 三分之二的3． think ____ 想，考虑；把……当成4． keep..._______ 把……关在外面

to

of

of

out of

5． put...____ order 使……有条理，使……整齐6． find _____弄清楚，弄明白7． be different ______ 与……不同8． the same ____ 和……一样

in

out

from

as

Ⅲ. 完成句子1 ．你的缺席会增加我们的困难。Your absence will________ ________our difficulty.

答案：　 add to

2 ．这家商店出售帐篷和其他野营用具。The store sells tents and________ ________ ________.

答案： 　 other camping equipment

3 ．最后，我要感谢你们为我所做的一切。________ ________， I’d like to thank you for all you’ve done for me.

答案： 　 In conclusion

4 ．这将把空气隔绝在水外。This will________air________________the water.

答案： 　 keep； out of

5 ．你想把你的名字加到名单里吗？Do you want to__________your name________

the list?

答案： 　 add； to

6 ．动物和人一样会感觉到疼痛。Animals feel pain________ ________ ________we do.

答案： 　 the same as

7 ．把一切收拾得有条不紊已成为她的习惯。It has become her habit to________everything________ ________.

答案： 　 put； in order

8 ．这本书适宜幼童阅读。This book________ ________ ________very young children.

答案： 　 is aimed at

练规范、练技能、练速度