section 8.2 types of chemical reactions combination reactions decomposition reactions...

Section 8.2 Types of Chemical Reactions

Combination ReactionsDecomposition Reactions

Single-Replacement ReactionsDouble-Replacement Reactions

Combustion Reactions(complete and incomplete)

Please turn to page 3 in your Note Pack, and have your Periodic Table available as a resource.

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

A. What is a combination reaction? (sometimes called a synthesis reaction or composition reaction)

Two or more substances combine to form a single substance.

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

B. Write a general equation for a combination reaction:

A + B AB

There are some ways we can remember these reactions and how to predict their products.

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

4 Good things to know about combination reactions…

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

4 Good things to know about combination reactions…

1 When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their _____________ ___________ to figure out the product.

(forms an ionic compound called a ___________)

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

4 Good things to know about combination reactions…

1 When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their oxidation numbers to figure out the product.

(forms an ionic compound called a ___________)

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

4 Good things to know about combination reactions…

1 When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their oxidation numbers to figure out the product.

(forms an ionic compound called a formula unit)

Ox. #’s are the possible charges an element CAN potentially get (O = -2; Al = +3; Cu = +2 or +3)

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

4 Good things to know about combination reactions… (Fill in examples)

1 When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their oxidation numbers to figure out the product.

(forms an ionic compound called a formula unit)

Example: Potassium metal reacts with Chlorine gas

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

4 Good things to know about combination reactions… (Fill in examples)

1 When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their oxidation numbers to figure out the product.(forms an ionic compound called a formula unit)

Example: Potassium metal reacts with Chlorine gas

K K (s)(s) + Cl + Cl22 (g)(g)

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

4 Good things to know about combination reactions… (Fill in examples)

1 When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their oxidation numbers to figure out the product.(forms an ionic compound called a formula unit)

Example: Potassium metal reacts with Chlorine gas

K K (s)(s) + Cl + Cl22 (g)(g) K K++ Cl Cl--

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

4 Good things to know about combination reactions… (Fill in examples)

1 When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their oxidation numbers to figure out the product.(forms an ionic compound called a formula unit)

Example: Potassium metal reacts with Chlorine gas

K K (s)(s) + Cl + Cl22 (g)(g) KCl KCl …but it’s not balanced yet.

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

4 Good things to know about combination reactions… (Fill in examples)

1 When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their oxidation numbers to figure out the product.(forms an ionic compound called a formula unit)

Example: Potassium metal reacts with Chlorine gas

2K 2K (s)(s) + Cl + Cl22 (g)(g) 2KCl 2KCl (s)(s)

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

4 Good things to know about combination reactions…

1 When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their oxidation numbers to figure out the product.

Next Example: Nickel (II) reacts with Oxygen gas

Ni + ONi + O22

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

4 Good things to know about combination reactions…

1 When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their oxidation numbers to figure out the product.

Next Example: Nickel (II) reacts with Oxygen gas

Ni + ONi + O22 Ni Ni+2+2 + O + O-2-2

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

4 Good things to know about combination reactions…

1 When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their oxidation numbers to figure out the product.

Next Example: Nickel (II) reacts with Oxygen gas

2Ni + O2Ni + O22 Ni Ni+2+2 + O + O-2-2 2NiO2NiO

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

• When two nonmetals combine, you cannot figure out the product based on oxidation numbers

There could be a number of possible combinations for these molecules.

(forms a molecule and therefore we must rely on observation to predict product)

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

• When two nonmetals combine, you cannot figure out the product based on oxidation numbers

There could be a number of possible combinations for these molecules.

(forms a molecule and therefore we must rely on observation to predict product)

Example: Chlorine gas reacts with bromine gas to produce trichlorine pentabromide solid.

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

2 When two nonmetals combine, you cannot figure out the product based on oxidation numbers

There could be a number of possible combinations for these molecules.

(forms a molecule and therefore we must rely on observation to predict product)

Example: Chlorine gas reacts with bromine gas to produce trichlorine pentabromide solid.

ClCl22 + Br + Br22

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

2 When two nonmetals combine, you cannot figure out the product based on oxidation numbers

There could be a number of possible combinations for these molecules.

(forms a molecule and therefore we must rely on observation to predict product)

Example: Chlorine gas reacts with bromine gas to produce trichlorine pentabromide solid.

ClCl22 + Br + Br22 Cl Cl33BrBr5 (not balanced, yet)5 (not balanced, yet)

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

2 When two nonmetals combine, you cannot figure out the product based on oxidation numbers

There could be a number of possible combinations for these molecules.

(forms a molecule and therefore we must rely on observation to predict product)

Example: Chlorine gas reacts with bromine gas to produce trichlorine pentabromide solid.

3 Cl3 Cl22 + 5 Br + 5 Br22 2 Cl 2 Cl33BrBr5 (now its balanced)5 (now its balanced)

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

• When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it will produce an Acid.

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

• When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it will produce an Acid.

Examples might include:

N2O5 P2O5 SO3

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

• When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it will produce an Acid.

Start by writing the H first (that’s what makes it

an acid), and end with the O.

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

• When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it will produce an Acid.

(start with the H and end with the O)

Example: Sulfur dioxide gas reacts with water

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

• When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it will produce an Acid. (start with the H and end with the O)

Example: Sulfur dioxide gas reacts with water

SOSO22 (g)(g) + H + H22O O ((ll))

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

• When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it will produce an Acid.

(start with the H and end with the O)

Example: Sulfur dioxide gas reacts with water

SOSO22 (g)(g) + H + H22O O ((ll)) H H22SOSO33 (aq)(aq) , , sulfurous acidsulfurous acid

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

• When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it will produce an Acid.

(start with the H and end with the O)

Next Example: Gaseous dinitrogen pentoxide gas reacts with water

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

• When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it will produce an Acid.(start with the H and end with the O)

Next Example: Gaseous dinitrogen pentoxide gas reacts with water

NN22OO55 (g)(g) + H + H22O O ((ll)) ??? ???

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

• When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it will produce an Acid.(start with the H and end with the O)

Next Example: Gaseous dinitrogen pentoxide gas reacts with water

NN22OO55 (g)(g) + H + H22O O ((ll)) HH22NN22OO66 = 2HNO = 2HNO33Empirical formula

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

• When a metal oxide reacts with water, it will produce a Base.

Remember [H2O = H+ OH-]

Examples of metal oxides include:

Copper (II) oxide CuO

Aluminum oxide Al2O3

Sodium oxide Na2O

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

• When a metal oxide reacts with water, it will produce a Base.

(start with the metal and end with hydroxide, OH-)

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

• When a metal oxide reacts with water, it will produce a Base.

(start with the metal and end with hydroxide, OH-)

Example: Sodium oxide reacts with water.

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

• When a metal oxide reacts with water, it will produce a Base.

(start with the metal and end with hydroxide, OH-)

Example: Sodium oxide reacts with water.

NaNa22O O (s)(s) + H + H22O O ((ll)) ??????

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

• When a metal oxide reacts with water, it will produce a Base.

(start with the metal and end with hydroxide, OH-)

Example: Sodium oxide reacts with water.

NaNa22O O (s)(s) + H + H22O O ((ll)) 2NaOH 2NaOH (aq)(aq)

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

Now its your turn…With a neighbor, work through the following.

Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following combinations.

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following combinations…

1 Beryllium metal reacts with oxygen gas

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following combinations…

1 Beryllium metal reacts with oxygen gas

Be + O2 Be+2 + O-2 2BeOBalanced, it looks like this…

2Be + O2 2BeO

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following combinations…

2 Gaseous dinitrogen pentoxide reacts with water

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following combinations…

2 Gaseous dinitrogen pentoxide reacts with water

N2O5 + H2O H2N2O6 = 2HNO3Empirical formula

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following combinations…

3 Nitrogen gas reacts with lumps of sulfur to produce trinitrogen monosulfide.

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following combinations…

3 Nitrogen gas reacts with lumps of sulfur to produce trinitrogen monosulfide.

3N2 (g) + 2S (s) 2N3S

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following combinations…

4 Chunks of Calcium oxide is dropped into water

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following combinations…

4 Chunks of Calcium oxide is dropped into water

CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following combinations…

5 Aluminum metal rusts

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following combinations…

5 Aluminum metal rusts

Al + O2 Al+3 + O-2 Al2O3Balanced, it looks like this,

4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3

8.2 Types of ReactionsCOMBINATION REACTIONS

Please use your notes, and really focus on the Helpful Hints as you predict the products of the Combination Reactions.