science focus - tongue mapping aquafresh science academy
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8/14/2019 Science Focus - Tongue Mapping Aquafresh Science Academy
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Science focuS ReSouRce
www.AquafreshScienceAcademy.com
The eect o tongue cleaning on thecomplex interaction between thedistribution o bacteria on the tongue,bacterial load and oral malodor hasbeen revealed in research and isdiscussed below.
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bctr th tIn their paper in The Archives of OralBiology(2008), Allaker et al provided
the frst detailed mapping o the tonguesurace in relation to the bacteriaassociated with oral malodor. The studyanalysed the type and load o bacteriapresent in cultures collected rom six areaso the human tongue.
Results showed that:
on the dorsum o the tongue, there wasa trend towards increasing bacterial loadwhen moving rom the anterior to theposterior surace o the tongue
the most heavily colonised tonguesite was the dorsal posterior to thecircumvallate papillae
the relative proportions o bacterialgroup remained similar at each site,with Streptococcus salivarius being
consistently lowest.
To hear Dr Allaker discuss the fndingsrom this study go to the IADR/CEDSymposium section o the AquareshScience Academy website.
Science focuS on...
The large surface area of the
tongue dorsum provides a
unique environment that
promotes accumulation of
microorganisms and oral
debris. It has recently been
shown that there is a direct
relationship between the
distribution of bacteria on
the tongue, bacterial load
and oral malodor.
Tongue mapping
The human tongue
For further information visit:www.AquafreshScienceAcademy.com
http://www.aquafreshscienceacademy.com/http://www.aquafreshscienceacademy.com/http://www.aquafreshscienceacademy.com/ -
8/14/2019 Science Focus - Tongue Mapping Aquafresh Science Academy
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Science focuS ReSouRce
www.AquafreshScienceAcademy.com
Rltsh btw
bctrl ld d
rl ldrIn several studies, it has been identifedthat the dorsal posterior o the tonguemakes the primary contribution tooral malodor (summarised in Bordas
et al 2008). However, in the past littleattention has been paid to the areaposterior to the circumvallate papillae(DPCP). In order to investigate this, anorganoleptic assessment using an intensityscale where 0=no malodor and 5=verystrong malodor was perormed. Subjectswere subdivided into those with slight/moderate malodor (intensity score 13) orstrong malodor (intensity score 45). Their
study revealed that:
subjects with strong malodor had higherlevels o total anaerobes, Gram-negative
anaerobes and volatile sulur compound(VSC) producing bacteria recoveredrom the DPCP than those with slight/moderate malodor
total aerobe and Streptococcus salivariusnumbers were higher at the DPCP in
the slight/moderate group than in thestrong malodor group.
effct f t cl
bctrl ldAt the IADR/CED symposium on oralmalodor, Dr Allaker highlighted thatmost odor-causing bacteria are oundbeyond the reach o normal oral hygieneprocedures. To urther investigate this,Bordas et alsArchives of Oral Biologypaper (2008) studied whether tonguecleaning provided an improved method oreducing tongue bacterial load comparedwith tooth brushing.
Ater collecting and analysing sampleso tongue coating beore and ater toothcleaning, they ound that:
tooth brushing alone had no signifcantimpact on tongue bacterial populations
tooth brushing and tongue scrapingconsistently, but modestly, reducedbacterial populations
tooth brushing and thorough tonguecleaning with a high speed aspirationdevice resulted in highly signifcantreductions in bacteria.
Bacterial counts by tongue area(CFU/sample x105)
300
350
250
200
150
100
50
0DA DM DP DPCP LP VP
BacterialcountsCFU/sam
plex105
Tongue area
DA = Dorsal anteriorDM = Dorsal middleDP = Dorsal posteriorDPCP = Dorsal posterior to the
circumvallate papillaeLP = Lateral posteriorVP = Ventral posterior
Total anaerobesTotal aerobesGram-negative anaerobesVSC-producing bacteriaStreptococcus salivarius
Data are presented as meanSE (n=50)
Frthr rdAllaker RP, Waite RD, Hickling J et al. Topographicdistribution of bacteria associated with oralmalodor on the tongue. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53(suppl 1): S8S12.
Bordas A, McNab R, Staples AM et al. Impactof different tongue cleaning methods on thebacterial load of the tongue dorsum. Arch OralBiol 2008; 53 (suppl 1): S13S18.
For further information visit:www.AquafreshScienceAcademy.com
http://www.aquafreshscienceacademy.com/http://www.aquafreshscienceacademy.com/http://www.aquafreshscienceacademy.com/
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