scenario design een praktische methode voor het ontwerpen van snelle representaties van de toekomst:...

Scenario Design

een praktische methode voor het ontwerpen van snelle representaties van de toekomst: envisioning design

and feasibility study

Gerrit C. van der Veer

Vrije Universiteit,

Informatiekunde: Multimedia en Cultuur

1. high level scenarios – are suitable for situations where the main problem is the

difference in cultures between the “current” situation and the envisioned context of use.

– cultural aspects can be represented in:

• goals, values and needs of users in the future situation

• norms, habits, “fashion”

2. low level scenarios – will be applied in later iterations of technology design process

– cultural aspects mostly represented in:

• cultural symbols in the interface

• details of the context

Scenarios and culture

Scenarios - tool for envisioning new technology in use

Scenarios are “informal narrative descriptions” of people using technology in a culture and context of use

A well specified and sufficiently detailed description of individual instances of events, artefacts, procedures, situations

• described in full context of use• from the point of view of actors (users, not the client of

design)• proposed as envisioning, not as finished design document

Step 1: build a conceptual model of the new technology

• which changes to current practice does the design approach

• which (types of ) tasks may be delegated to new technology or performed with the help of technology

• the cultural context (especially in high level scenarios): how will these tasks affect the culture of use (other roles, other value systems, other business processes)

methodology to design for new cultures of use

Step 2: develop one or more scenarios

two points of view (foci):

actor (user): the “audience”, or “personas” (Cooper, 2000)

• goals and values in relation to use of the system (meanings assigned to the technology)

• meanings of the system’s representations and dialogue (low-level scenarios)

situation

• needs and motives to use the proposed functionality

• allow the prospective user to imagine the actual situation

Step 3: confront the prospective users and other stakeholders with the scenarios and analyze the reactions

mental models of prospective users as initiated by the scenario (in users’ mental models cultural aspects are reflected)

claim analysis• what is different from the current situation?• what was the goal for this feature - is this goal reached?• what are side effects and their valence (+ / -)?

claims analysis participants: designers of relevant disciplines, client, prospective users, sceptical users and stakeholders

Step 4: feedback the results to the conceptual model

Corrective feedback:

• the conceptual model is not understood as intended.

• would the design be needed, acceptable, in the envisioned culture of use.

• discovered in a very early state where not too much design effort is spend on dead ends.

Creative feedback:

• end users and stakeholders interpret (project) their imagination and develop new ideas about the conceptual model

• an early and rich source for refinement and re-design.

Example of high-level scenario with multiple personas -

SUN Starfire• Claims of envisioning:

task level: co-ordination; communication; efficiency; organisational simplicity

functionality: representation of information; speed and availability

interaction: dialogue styles; flexibility

technology: efficiency of available technology

• In search of opinions of prospective users on usability:

learnability, ease of use, affect

Example low level scenario(Xerox, CHI’98 short video)

Digital Ink (DI)

a “universal” communication device

scenario with “persona”

details of dialogue

“I discover a small garden yesterday, it was warm and dry and there was almost nobody around. And it was really the most relaxing place I had been to in months…”

“So I sat down, I did some writing and drawing and thinking that it was months that I communicated with my friends’ back home…

I decided that I should send them some of my garden sketches by e-mail.”

record

“So, in order to send the e-mails:

I pressed the mode button on the side of the DI.” re

cord

“That changes the mode from record my drawing and hand writing...

To command mode which allows me to tell DI what I wanted to do next.”

com

man

d

reco

rd

“In this case I wanted to send e-mails to my friends so I simply write:

the word send followed by their e-mail addresses.

The “->” terminates the command and sends the message

Once the send command has been written and read, the screen displays the progress of the command

Now my sketches are on their computers.” Send to luisa@vu.nl->

Send to pepe@vu.nl->

send

ing

Scenario based envisioning: voorbeeld van een “quick and dirty” techniek

domein: specialistische bibliotheken en verzameingen,

voorbeeld situatie: Mozarteum Salzburg, depot “oude drukken”

doelgroep: geregistreerde musicologen (met vergelijkbare rechten in alle internationaal aangesloten instituten)

Ontwerpvraag: welke technologie kan toegang snel en acceptabel regelen? En hoe zal de taakwereld er dan uitzien

We overwegen drie opties:

1. persoonlijk pocket device, wereldwijd bruikbaar

2. automatische registratiezuil in de hal voor geregistreerden

3. “smart” sieraad dat contact maakt met registratie-desk

Scenario 1: Pocket device

display gebied

“zachte”knoppen

tactiele sensoren

International Musicologist Pass

M(usicoloog) wil gereserveerde oude druk bestuderen

Geef je keuze aan

International Musicologist Pass

Condities:

•M heeft oude druk gereserveerd

•M is nog niet in het instituut ingeschreven

•M is in de buurt van de ingang

•M activeert de Pass

locale bibliotheek

functies

overige

Welkom bij Morzarteum

Salzburg

International Musicologist Pass

toegang tot reservering

check reservering

cancel reservering

Geef vingerafdruk

voor identificatie

International Musicologist Pass

Welkom Gerrit. Mozart, Le Nozze, B&H, 1812, ligt klaar in kamer 23. Onthoud je kamernummer

International Musicologist Pass

23

Welkom Gerrit. Mozart, Le Nozze, B&H, 1812, ligt klaar in kamer 23. Onthoud je kamernummer

International Musicologist Pass

23

Welkom Gerrit. Mozart, Le Nozze, B&H, 1812, ligt klaar in kamer 23. Onthoud je kamernummer

International Musicologist Pass

23

Welkom Gerrit. Mozart, Le Nozze, B&H, 1812, ligt klaar in kamer 23. Onthoud je kamernummer

International Musicologist Pass

23

Welkom Gerrit. Mozart, La Nozze, B&H, 1812, ligt klaar in kamer 23. Onthoud je kamernummer

International Musicologist Pass

23

Dit device is nu je kamersleutel

International Musicologist Pass

23

Dit device is nu je kamersleutel

International Musicologist Pass

M is nu ingeschreven en “binnen”.

Geef je keuze aan

International Musicologist Pass

Stel, M kiest nu locale bibliotheek functies ....

locale bibliotheek

functies

overige

Geef je keuze aan

International Musicologist Pass

bestudering beëindigen

nieuwe reservering

extra info op beeldscherm

Scenario 2: Automatische registratiezuil

een of meer van deze in de ingangshal

Details frontpaneel

scherm

tactiele sensoren

printer

Mozarteum Salzburg

Default systeem toestand

Only for members Int. Music. Association

If you made a reservation for the library:

please, provide fingerprint for identificationMozarteum Salzburg

Condities: M is geregistreerd, boek is gereserveerd.

Welkom bij de originele oude drukken afdeling van het Mozarteum Salzburg.

Geef je keuze aanMozarteum Salzburg

toegang tot reservering

check reservering

cancel reservering

Condities: M is geregistreerd, boek is gereserveerd.

Het kamernummer en de details van de reservering staan aan de achterkant van de print.

De deur gaat open door het paneel naast de deur met de wijsvinger aan te raken.

Veel succes met de studie.

Mozarteum Salzburg

Scenario 3: “smart” sieraad

(dit is een sier-speldje)

Het sieraad communiceert met de computer op de balie, zodra de afstand minder is dan 1 meter

Beeldscherm op de balie, wordt uitgelezen door baliemederwerker B (een ander soort

gebruiker dan Musicoloog M)

M met speld nadert de balie

Dass ist Dr. Gerrit C. van der Veer, Ruffname “Gerrit” - Er ist nog nicht eingeschrieben

Bevorzugte Sprachen: 1. Niederlandisch; 2. English; 3. Deutsch

Reservierung: Mozart, La Nozze, B&H, 1812

Identifizierung OK? Y/N

B heeft bezoeker geïdentificeerd:

Gerrit’s Reservierung liegt bereit in Zimmer 23, bis 17:00 Uhr

Er ist nie vorherr im Mozarteum gewesen. Bitte zeig ihm die Aufzug.

Sag ihm dass die Tür automatisch öffnet.

“return” wenn fertig

huiswerk

In groepen van 3(4):

• werk uit een scenario voor de situatie dat M klaar is met de studie, wil vertrekken en een electronische copie bestellen van pag. 3-10 en 12 van de bestudeerde bron (naar email adres)

• voor scenario 1, 2, resp 3

Scenario Based Design in practice

Dutch tax office: before embarking on full prototype, scenarios are developed and walked through with future users

Philips Austria design company Seibersdorf develops a Critical Safety System (CSS),

Clients: Austrian banks, railways, power plants

example of a scenario envisioning:

The current CSS display: too much messages, sorted by time, that scroll off the screen

Information wall: operators were not convinced, “too sophisticated”

Building layout represented, messages sorted by type (+), but only fire alarms can be seen (-)

No layout, messages sorted by type: fire., intrusion, elevators …, each sorted by priority

Conclusion

• understanding of future technology, organisation, and procedures needs to be based on insight in mental models as well as culture and context of use

• Scenarios provide an early way to represent envisioning and allow “cheap” assessment of stakeholder understanding and acceptance