scala for java programmers
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Scalaf o r J a v a P r o g r a m m e r s
Hello, Scala!
Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Hello, World!
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Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Hello, World!
object HelloWorld { def main(args: Array[String]) = println("Hello, World!")}
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Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Agenda
About Scala
Features
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Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Motivation
Scalable language. To be scalable in the sense that the same concepts can describe small as well as large parts.
A unified and generalized object-oriented and functional programming language provides scalable support.
From Inventor
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Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Motivation
More productive as “better Java” with existing Java resources.
Several concepts not in Java bring more posibilities to you.
For Java programmers
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the Programming Language
Language Specification
API
Runtime
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API
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Scaladoc
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Runtime
scalac
.scala
.class
the compiler for .NET is out of date
JVMscala
Running on JVM
Compiler generates class files
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Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Influencers
Java C#
Smalltalk
Haskell
Algol Simula
Eiffel
SML F#
Erlang
IswimLisp
Python
Ruby
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Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Inventor
Martin Odersky
Professor of programming methods at EPFL in Switzerland
Designer of Java generics
photo#1
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Object, Operator
val apple = new Appleval orange = new Orangeprintln(apple + orange)
?
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Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Object, Operator
val apple = new Appleval orange = new Orangeprintln(apple + orange)
?
(A) "Apple@xxxxOrange@xxxx"(B) 2(C) Compile error(D) Runtime exception(E) Others
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Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Features
Static typing & Suitable type inference
Object-oriented & Functional
Trait
Collaborating with Java
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Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Vorbose JavaType declaration
public String suffix(String str) { int pos = str.indexOf("-"); return str.substring(pos);}
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Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Vorbose JavaType declaration
def suffix(str: String) = { val pos = str.indexOf("-") str.substring(pos)}
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Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Vorbose JavaJavaBeans
public class JavaBeans { private String name; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }}
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Vorbose JavaJavaBeans
case class ScalaCase(name: String)
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Functional Programming
variables
method parameters
method returns
Functions are the first-class values
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Functional Programming
Consider a method signature sending mails to appropriate addresses from listing
def send() { for(c: Contact <- listing()) { mail(c) }}
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Functional Programming
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Functional Programming
age==20
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Functional Programming
age==20 def send(age: Int)
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Functional Programming
age==20
35<=age, age<=60
def send(age: Int)
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Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Functional Programming
age==20
35<=age, age<=60
def send(age: Int)
def send(minAge: Int, maxAge: Int)
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Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Functional Programming
age==20
35<=age, age<=60
age<30, gender:Male
def send(age: Int)
def send(minAge: Int, maxAge: Int)
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Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Functional Programming
age==20
35<=age, age<=60
age<30, gender:Male
def send(age: Int)
def send(minAge: Int, maxAge: Int)
def send(minAge: Int, maxAge: Int, g: Gender)
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Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Functional Programming
age==20
35<=age, age<=60
age<30, gender:Male
gender:Female, in Tokyo
def send(age: Int)
def send(minAge: Int, maxAge: Int)
def send(minAge: Int, maxAge: Int, g: Gender)
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Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Functional Programming
age==20
35<=age, age<=60
age<30, gender:Male
gender:Female, in Tokyo
def send(age: Int)
def send(minAge: Int, maxAge: Int)
def send(minAge: Int, maxAge: Int, g: Gender)
def send(minAge: Int, maxAge: Int, g: Gender, pref: String)
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Functional Programming
def send(p: Contact => Boolean) { for(c: Contact <- listing()) { if (p(c)) mail(c) }}
Apply condition function to method
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Functional Programming
y = f(x)Avoiding side effects
Conscious of immutability
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Partially applied Function
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def sum(a: Int, b: Int, c: Int) = a + b + cval f1 = sum _val f2 = sum(1, _: Int, 3)
def main(args: Array[String]) { println(f1(1, 2, 3)) // 6 println(f2(2)) // 6 println(f2(5)) // 9}
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Curried Function
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def sum(a: Int)(b: Int) = a + b
def main(args: Array[String]) { println(sum(1)(2)) // 3}
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Curried Function
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def withResource(r: Closeable)(op: => Unit) { try { op } finally { r.close() }} def main(args: Array[String]) { val writer = new FileWriter("test.txt") withResource(writer) { writer.write("foo bar") }}
Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Trait
a special form of an abstract classwhich can be used as mixins
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Trait
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to enrich interface
class MyInt(val n: Int) extends Ordered[MyInt] { def compare(that: MyInt) = this.n - that.n}
val n1 = new MyInt(1)val n2 = new MyInt(2)println(n1 < n2)println(n1 > n2)println(n1 <= n2)println(n1 >= n2)
Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Trait
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stackable modifications
abstract class Sale { def price(): Double}
class BasicSale extends Sale { def price() = 100;}
trait OffTenPercent extends Sale { abstract override def price() = { super.price.toDouble * 0.9 }}
trait OffTwenty extends Sale { abstract override def price() = { super.price - 20 }}
-10%
-¥20
¥100
Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Trait
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stackable modifications
class UnbelievableSale extends BasicSale with OffTenPercentclass UnbelievableSale2 extends BasicSale with OffTwentyclass UnbelievableSale3 extends BasicSale with OffTenPercent with OffTwentyclass UnbelievableSale4 extends BasicSale with OffTwenty with OffTenPercent
def main(args: Array[String]) { println((new BasicSale).price) // 100.0 println((new UnbelievableSale).price) // 90.0 println((new UnbelievableSale2).price) // 80.0 println((new UnbelievableSale3).price) // 70.0 println((new UnbelievableSale4).price) // 72.0}
-10%-¥20-10%, -¥20 -¥20, -10%
Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Pattern Match
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case class ScalaCase(name: String)
def test(x: Any) = x match { case 1 => println("1") case str: String => println(str) case ScalaCase(name) => println("name: " + name) case _ => println("other")}
def main(args: Array[String]) { test(1) // 1 test("Hello!") // Hello! test(ScalaCase("apple")) // name: apple test(2.5) // other}
Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.29
Scala in Action
Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Collection Operation
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getting the highest score in 2013
case class Student(year: Int, score: Int)
def students(): List[Student] = List(Student(2013, 92), Student(2012, 98), Student(2013, 70))def students2(): List[Student] = Student(2013, 92)::Student(2012, 98)::Student(2013, 70)::Nil
def highestScoreIn2013() = students() .filter(s => s.year == 2013) .map(s => s.score) .foldLeft(0)((a, b) => max(a, b))
Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Actor
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actorA
actorB
actorC
actorD
No shared data
Exchanging messages
Concurrency model
Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Actor (Akka)
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object Actors { implicit val system = ActorSystem("MySystem") val a, b = actor(new Act { become { case ("ping", actor: ActorRef) => { println("received ping") Thread.sleep(1000) actor ! ("pong", self) } case ("pong", actor: ActorRef) => { println("received pong") Thread.sleep(1000) actor ! ("ping", self) } } }) def main(args: Array[String]) { a ! ("ping", b) }}
received pingreceived pongreceived pingreceived pongreceived pingreceived pong...
Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Practical Scala
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Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Practical Scala
Killer framework Play (+)
Java on the bench (+)
Interactive shell (+)
There are many concepts (-)
the compiler needs more resources (-)
Backward compatibility? (-)
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Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Next Step
Implicit conversions
Extractor
Abstract type
Type parameter & variance
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Reference
An Overview of the Scala Programming Language Second Edition (pdf)
A Scala Tutorial for Java programmers (pdf)
Programming in Scala, Second Edition (Japanese version: Scala スケーラブルプログラミング 第2版)
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Copyright © 2013 Akira Koyasu. Some rights reserved.
Notes
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/.
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photo#1: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mark_Odersky_photo_by_Linda_Poeng.jpg
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