sc 9: ch 1 matter. some vocabulary review to start… matter : anything that has mass and volume...
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Some Vocabulary Review to Start…
Matter: Anything that has mass and volume
Mass: the amount of matter in a substanceVolume: The amount of space that matter
occupies.Property: A characteristic used to describe
matter. Qualitative: can be described but not measured Quantitative: can be measured numerically.
Atom: the smallest part of an element that still has the same properties of that element.
Molecule: two or more atoms chemically combined. (either the same or different atoms)
Element: A substance that contains only one type of atom
Compound: A substance that contains two or more different types of atoms, chemically combined.
Pure Substance: A substance that has the same properties in any sample you choose. Can be
an element or a compound .
Models for MatterEach geometric shape represents a type of atom. When the shapes are drawn together, they represent atoms that are chemically combined.
Ex. 1: Mixture or Pure Substance? Element Compound Both?
Total # of atoms: # of molecules:
# of different types of atoms: # of different types of compds
Ex. 2: Mixture or Pure Substance? Element Compound Both?
Total # of atoms: # of molecules: # of different types of
atoms: # of different types of compds
Ex. 3: Mixture or Pure Substance? Element Compound Both?
Total # of atoms: # of molecules: # of different types of
atoms: # of different types of compds
Ex. 4: Mixture or Pure Substance? Element Compound Both?
Total # of atoms: # of molecules: # of different types of
atoms: # of different types of compds
Ex. 5: Mixture or Pure Substance? Element Compound Both?
Total # of atoms: # of molecules: # of different types of
atoms: # of different types of compds
Ex. 6: Mixture or Pure Substance? Element Compound Both?
Total # of atoms: # of molecules: # of different types of
atoms: # of different types of compds
Changes to Matter
Physical Changes: Changes in which no new substance is formed.
Ex.
Chemical Change: Changes in which new substances are formed.
Ex.
Clues that suggest a CHEMICAL change has occurred:
1. a new may appear2. or may be given off3. or may be formed.4. material (a may form in a liquid5. The change may be difficult to
colour
Gas bubbles
Light Sound
A solid precipitate
reverse
Activity 2B: Observing Changes in Matter. Science Probe 9, page 24,25
Purpose: To observe and classify physical changes, chemical changes, or situations where nothing appears to change.
Materials: Safety goggles, Lab CoatGloves Small piece of steel wool Two pieces of copper wire (2cm)TongsBunsen burnerDilute hydrochloric acid (HCl)Four test tubes in a rackMagnesium ribbon (2 cm strip)Sodium carbonate solution (NaCO3)Calcium chloride solution (CaCl2)Copper sulphate crystals (CuSO4)Heat proof test tubeTest tube holderWater in dropper bottle
KMT!
All matter is made up of The particles are alwaysThere is _____ between the particles
shows what happens when temp is increased
solid, liquid, gas animation
In a gas:In a liquid: IN a solid:
Changes of State and KMT
Eureka - molecules in solids
solid liquid gas
condensationSolidification(freezing)
melting evaporation
SummaryState Shape Volume Space
between molecules
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Fixed small
Takes shapeOf Container
Fixed
fixed Medium
Takes shapeOf container
Takes as muchVolume as allowed
V. Large
Contributions: John Dalton1766-1844
Some of Dalton's symbols for the elementswith his estimates of molecular weight
What did Dalton’s Theory state: (4 things)
Matter is made of atoms
Atoms are indivisible, and Cannot be created or destroyed
Different elements have differentSized and shaped atoms
Compounds =different atomschemically combined
“The solid sphere model”
Atoms are seen as solid, indestructible spheres (like billiard balls)
J.J Thomson“raisin Bun” modelDiscovered electrons(atoms ≠indivisible?!)-thought atoms were like a ballOf (+) charged particles with (-) charged particles dispersed
Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937)Some bounced back?!Like shooting a cannon at a piece
of paper and having it bounce back!
Discovered The NUCLEUS. Later, heFigured outThat the Nucleus Is made of PROTONS
Rutherford had discovered the NUCLEUS.
Later, he named the PROTONS and NEUTRONS that make up the nucleus.
Rutherford’sModel of anATOM
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