saraswati plantation wildlife sanctuary
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8/13/2019 Saraswati Plantation Wildlife sanctuary
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IRJMST Volume 2 Issue 3 Online ISSN 2250 - 1959
International Research Journal of Management Science & Technologyhttp:www.irjmst.com Page 273
Saraswati Plantation Wildlife sanctuary
By Ritesh
A total of 94 sightings of Nilgai (solitary or in different types of groups) were
recorded during 2 years of study period from June, 2007 to May, 2009 in Saraswati
Plantation Wildlife sanctuary. During June, 2007 to May, 2008 and again in June, 2008 to
May, 2009 the group sightings of Nilgai were significantly more than the solitary
sightings. As far as different kinds of group was concerned a total of 29 all male groups
(with different male age classes); 37 all female groups (with all female age classes
including calves) and 13 mixed groups (male and female age classes with calves) were
recorded during two years of study in Saraswati Plantation Wildlife sanctuary. The
sightings of female groups were significantly more than all male and mixed groups
(Table 4.30.). The frequency of occurrence of all these categories of groups has already
been presented in Tables 4.13. & 4.14.
In Saraswati Plantation Wildlife sanctuary during June, 2007 to May, 2009
calf/calves were sighted in all the seasons. During different seasons a minimum of one
calf (summer, 2008; monsoon, 2008 and summer, 2009) to a maximum of three calves
(monsoon, 2007; autumn, 2007; autumn, 2008 and winter, 2008-09) were sighted (Table
4.31.). Male-female ratio as well as female-calf ratio was also calculated from the
recorded data in two years of study. The results revealed that male (adult male+sub-adult
male) to female ratio indicated that there were 88 males per 100 females in the year 2007-
08 and 66 males per 100 females in 2008-09 with a mean ratio of 77 males per 100
females in Saraswati Plantation Wildlife sanctuary (Table 4.32.). Similarly mean female-
calf ratio was 16 calves per 100 females during June, 2007 to May, 2009.
4.7. Conservation Strategies:
Periodic monitoring of both the study sites from June, 2007 to May, 2009
revealed that a number of stress factors, particularly, in the Saraswati Plantation
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8/13/2019 Saraswati Plantation Wildlife sanctuary
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IRJMST Volume 2 Issue 3 Online ISSN 2250 - 1959
International Research Journal of Management Science & Technologyhttp:www.irjmst.com Page 274
Table 4.30. Number of solitary and group sightings of Nilgai revealing their social
organization in Beer-Sonty reserve forest and Saraswati Plantation Wildlife
sanctuary from June, 2007 to May, 2009.
Study
area
Study
Period
Total
sightings
Number (%) of sightings
Solitary Herds
Male Female Male Female Mixed
Beer-
Sonty
reserve
forest
2007-08 62 5*
(8.06)
2
(3.22)
15
(24.19)
8
(12.90)
32
(51.61)
2008-09 65 8*
(12.30)
- 17
(26.15)
15
(23.07)
25
(38.46)
Total 127 13 2 32 23 57
SPWL
Sanctuary
2007-08 45 7
(15.55)
1 (2.22) 15
(33.33)
16
(33.55)
06
(13.33)
2008-09 49 7
(14.28)
- 14
(28.57)
21
(42.85)
7
(14.28)
Total 94 14 1 29 37 13
*including all male age classes
Figures in parentheses indicate percentage
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8/13/2019 Saraswati Plantation Wildlife sanctuary
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IRJMST Volume 2 Issue 3 Online ISSN 2250 - 1959
International Research Journal of Management Science & Technologyhttp:www.irjmst.com Page 275
4.31. Number of calf/calves sightings in different seasons in Beer-Sonty reserve
forest and Saraswati Plantation Wildlife sanctuary study sites during 2007-
09.
Season Total
sightings
in Beer-
Sonty
Total
sightings
in
SPWL
No. of
sightings
revealing
calf/calves
in Beer-
Sonty
No. of
sightings
revealing
calf/calves
in SPWL
sanctuary
Number of calf/calves
sighted
Beer-Sonty
reserve
forest
Saraswati
plantation
wildlife
sanctary
Monsoon, 2007 16 9 2 2 2, 2 1, 2
Autumn, 2007 13 12 _ 2 _ 1, 2
Winter, 2007-08 17 12 2 2 1, 1 1, 1
Summer, 2008 16 12 2 1 1, 2 1
Monsoon, 2008 14 11 2 1 2, 1 1
Autumn, 2008 15 11 1 2 1 1, 2
Winter, 2008-09 17 14 5 2 2, 1, 3, 1, 1 1, 2
Summer, 2009 19 13 4 1 2, 3, 2, 1 1
Table 4.32. Sex ratio and female-calf ratio of Nilgai in Beer-Sonty reserve forest and
Saraswati Plantation Wildlife sanctuary from June, 2007 to May, 2009.
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IRJMST Volume 2 Issue 3 Online ISSN 2250 - 1959
International Research Journal of Management Science & Technologyhttp:www.irjmst.com Page 276
Study area Age class v/s age class (2007-08) (2008-09) Mean
Beer-Sonty
reserve
forest
(AM+SAM) - F ratio 0.83:1.00 0.77:1.00 0.80:1.00
(AM+SAM+YM)-(F+YF) ratio 0.78:1.00 0.73:1.00 0.75:1.00
F-C ratio 1.00:0.08 1.00:0.17 1.00:0.12
SPWL
Sanctuary
(AM+SAM)- F ratio 1.00:1.00 0.73:1.00 0.86:1.00
(AM+SAM+YM)-(F+YF) ratio 0.88:1.00 0.66:1.00 0.77:1.00
F-C ratio 1.00:0.18 1.00:0.14 1.00:0.16
Wildlife sanctuary study site were responsible for the local migration of Nilgai
individuals from the sanctuary area to adjoining crop fields thereby increasing human-
wildlife conflicts. Various stress factors were noticed in Saraswati Plantation Wildlife
sanctuary included water scarcity due to the absence of permanent water source,
anthropogenic activities (regular movement of the villagers on the roads/path through the
reserve sanctuary area), presence of livestock grazing, lack of permanent
fencing/boundary around the sanctuary, man-made forest fires etc. (Plates VII. & IX.).Nilgai individuals migrated into the nearby agricultural fields perhaps due to non-
availability of water source and ready availability of food in the form of crops in
agricultural fields. To avoid their entry into the agricultural fields, the farmers of the
adjoining villages used a number of methods to prevent crop raiding by Nilgai. Some
local methods used in both the study areas were brush wood (dry shrub) fencing, barbed
wire fencing, smooth wire fencing with wrapped polythene at various sites, dummy
models, day and night vigilance by hiring watchmen and watch dogs and some other
common methods like fire crackers, chasing animals with the help of dogs, night lights
and drum beating etc. (Plate X.).
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