sar - さくらインターネットのレンタル...
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M.S. 1
SAR
M.S. 2
SARSAR
M.S. 3
1. SAR system
description
SAR imaging I
History1950s Airborne SAR was developed in USA1978, Seasat L-SAR, digital1980s,1990s USA, EC, Japan, Russia launched SARs2000s:ENVISAT, ALOS were launched, and RADARSAT-2,TERRA-SARX, etc,,,Feature (Advantages)•High resolution Imaging by a two dimensional correlation
several meter•Detection of amplitude and phase•Operable in night/day, weather conditions•Disadvantages•Speckle noise•Foreshortening, layover, shadowing•Interference from the ground radar•Saturation, AGC/STC, antenna pattern error
SAR model JERS-1 SAR artistic view
JERS-1 SAR
PRISMAVNIR-2
PALSAR
Data RelayAntenna
Solar Array Paddle
Star Tracker
GPS Antenna
Velocity
NadirPRISM : Panchromatic Remote-sensing
Instrument for Stereo MappingAVNIR-2: Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2PALSAR: Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar
ALOS Satellite System
Sun SynchronousOrbit
46 days( 2 days )
Repeat Cycle(Sub-Cycle)
691.65kmAltitude
about 7kWat EOL
Generated Elec. Power
about 4,000kgSpacecraft Mass
H-IIALaunch Vehicle
Jan. 24 2006Launch Date
2.SA R imaging
STRIP mode
Signal reception by a radar
RADAR:Radio Detection and Ranging
transmit
receive
intermediate
Chirp signal case
antenna target
ft = exp 2 jf0t{ }
fr = exp 2 jf0 t2R
c
fr ft = exp 2 jf02R
c
fr ft = exp 2 jf02R
c
+ 2 j
k
2t
2R
c
2
Importance Ris remained.
SAR imaging
Sra R, x( ) = A R, x( )sin c2 Bw R R0( )
C
sin c 2
x x0
L
exp
4 R0 j
Cloud water vapor
Ionosphere
Bw LJERS-1 15M 12mPALSAR 28M 9mPALSAR 14M 9mPi-SAR 50M 1.6m
Correlation
g t '( ) = f (t) f *(t + t ' )dt/ 2
/ 2
f t( ) =t t0
/ 2
exp t t0( )
2
{ }
2 X 1 D correlation processing
SIGMA-SAR
Simulateddata
Sample images of the SCANSAR:Amazon
M.S. 13
3. SAR
3.1
3.2 DEM
M.S. 14
fd =2
u s rp( )rp rs( )rp rs
us
rp
rs
rp
GRS80
h
ERS-1/2JERS-1radarsatENVISATALOSSIR-Cradarsat2
JERS-1
M.S. 15
Doppler
-4000
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
yaw angle
M.S. 16
fd1 =2
us rp '( )rp ' rs( )rp ' rs
r = rp ' rs
xp2
Ra2
+yp
2
Ra2
+zp
2
Rb2
= 1
r =c
2n fprf + toff +
i
fsample
d =f
fdd
vg
• GRS80
•SAR
•
M.S. 17
x =fd
fdd + fd ' vg
vg
iso-Doppler line
M.S. 18
fd1 =2
us rp( )rp rs( )rp rs
r = rp rs
xp2
Ra2
+yp
2
Ra2
+zp
2
Rb2
= 1
Ra = Ra + h ,( ) + hgeoid ,( ){ } 1 e2 sin2
Rb = Ra 1 e2 sin2
e2=
Ra2 Rb
2
Ra2
hhgeoid
M.S. 19
fd1 =2
us rp'( )
rp' rs( )
rp' rs
= fd +d
dxfd dx + fdd
dx
vg
fd = fd1 fd
= fd ' dx + fdd
dx
vg
dx =fd
fdd + fd ' vg
vg
dx
fdd=-650
fd ' vg =fd
h
h
xvg
=18
400010100
6500 = 30.4%
fdd
0.4
M.S. 20
M.S. 21
6 8 m )18Hz
M.S. 22
RGB DEM
R-GG
R-G-B
M.S. 23
DEM
AR
M.S. 24
JERS-1 SAR
(PALSAR)
CR, ARC s location
Validation CR, ARCAmazon
Geometry 100 mRadiometry 1.5 dB (abs.)
1.0 dB (relative)5° (phase)
Standard Products
1.01.11.5
Landsat imagesAmazon images
GPS s positions
Geometry 100 mRadiometry 1.5 dB
5mm
Research ProductDeformationForest mapSoil moisture
Snow mapBiomassSea Ice
CR,ARC s location
GCP,DEMValidation CR,ARC
geometry 50 m (horizon)Radiometry 30 m (vertical)
1.5 dB(ext. layover)
High levelOrtho rectified
DEM
Validation methodAccuracy GoalProducts
M.S. 26
SAR JERS-1
DEM
JERS-1 m
ALOS JERS-1
M.S. 27
M.S. 28
M.S. 29
PALSAR
lat = ai, j line linec( )4 j
pixel pixelc( )4 i
j=0
4
i=0
4
+ latc
lon = bi, j line linec( )4 j
pixel pixelc( )4 i
j=0
4
i=0
4
+ lonc
pixel = ci, j lon lonc( )4 j
lat latc( )4 i
j=0
4
i=0
4
+ pixelc
line = di, j lon lonc( )4 j
lat latc( )4 i
j=0
4
i=0
4
+ linec
ai, j = facter _ m[is1+ j + i 5]
bj ,i = facter _ m[is2 + j + i 5]
cj ,i = facter _ m[is3 + j + i 5]
dj ,i = facter _ m[is4 + j + i 5]
M.S. 30
M.S. 31
M.S. 32
PALSAR Calibration
M.S. 33
M.S. 34
FBS/FBD Evaluation Results
FBD34.3
FBD41.5
FBS21.5
FBS34.3
FBS41.5
FBD FBS
M.S. 35
Geometric calibration using the CRs
Mode and time dependency over last three years
M.S. 36
Summary of the PALSAR CALVAL results
M.S. 37
M.S. 38
M.S. 39
Ortho Rectification and slope correction
Purpose:
1)correct the foreshortening and azimuth shift to co-register
with the map information
2) Additional slope correction reduces the area dependence of
the scattering coefficient mainly.
Geo error (ortho ) > Geo error (slant)
M.S. 40
Slope correction(
0=
0 sin
cos
l = cos 1rs rp( )rs rp
nl
nl =1
hx2
+ hy2
+1hx hy 1( )
t
cos = n f nl =sin l cos l hx
hx2
+ hy2
+1
M.S. 41
Correction of the local incidence dependence
IACF: Illumination area correction factor
LICF:Local Incidence angle Factor
0~ 10d l
M.S. 42
M.S. 43
M.S. 44
M.S. 45
M.S. 46
M.S. 47
M.S. 48
PALSAR
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