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The Righteous Path
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Publishing-in-support-of,
EDUCREATION PUBLISHING
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The Righteous Path
SriKrishna's Teachings
and words of wisdom to enhance your
Leadership skills and decision making.
Dr. Chaitanya Niphadkar
EDUCREATION PUBLISHING (Since 2011)
www.educreation.in
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|| Jai SriKrishna ||
OM AJNANA-TIMIRANDHASYA JNANANJANA-SALAKAYA
CAKSUR UNMILITAM YENA TASMAI SRI-GURAVE NAMAH
I was born in the darkest ignorance, and my spiritual master
opened my eyes with the torch of knowledge. I offer my
respectful obeisance unto him.
HE KRISHNA KARUNA-SINDHU DINA-BANDHO JAGAT-PATE
GOPESA GOPIKA-KANTA RADHA-KANTA NAMO 'STU TE
O my dear Krishna, You are the friend of the distressed and the
source of creation. You are the master of the gopis and the
lover of Radharani. I offer my respectful obeisances unto You.
TAPTA-KANCANA-GAURANGI RADHE VRNDAVANESVARI
VRSABHANU-SUTE DEVI PRANAMAMI HARI-PRIYE
I offer my respect to Radharani whose bodily complexion is like
molten gold and who is the Queen of Vrndavana. You are the
daughter of King Vrsabhanu, and You are very dear to Lord Krishna.
VANCA-KALPATARUBHYAS CA KRPA-SINDHUBHYA EVA CA
PATITANAM PAVANEBHYO VAISNAVEBHYO NAMO NAMAH
I offer my respectful obeisance unto all the Vaisnava devotees
of the Lord who can fulfill the desires of everyone, just like
desire trees, and who are full of compassion for the fallen souls.
JAI SRIKRISHNA CHAITANYA PRABHU NITYANANDA
SRI ADVAITA GADADHARA
SRIVASADI-GAURA-BHAKTA-VRINDA
I offer my obeisance to Sri Chaitanya, Prabhu Nityananda,
Sri Advaita, Gadadhara, Srivasa and all others in the line of
devotion.
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Krishnam vande jagadguru
Lord Krishna is the guru of the world.
SriKrishna’r pana’mastu, Guru Dakshina Arpan’a Karish’ye
I offer myself (Soul) to Lord Krishna and this book is my guru dakshina.
Thus, I dedicate this book to my guru, Lord Krishna
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam
We all are one family of the Lord (Vasudev)
So, this book is my gift to every reader.
- Dr. Chaitanya Niphadkar
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Acknowledgements
First and foremost, to God (Lord Krishna) for good health and wisdom
that was extremely necessary. Secondly, to numerous people who
accompanied me through this book and provided their support
generously that includes my family, friends and relatives. They talked
over things, offered comments, debated and so on. All this, allowed me
to broaden my horizon and enhance this piece of work.
Thanks to the countless people involved, without which this book
may not have existed today. These include several spiritual gurus,
devotees of Lord Krishna from ISKCON primarily HDG Srila
Prabhupada and his thoughts in the form of his writings like Bhagavad
Gita (As it is), SriChaitanya Charitamrita, then lectures of Radhanath
Swami Maharaj and many other vaishnavas. I am also grateful to people
(outside ISKCON) like Chaitanya Saraswat Math of Srila Bhakti
Rakshak Sridhar Dev-Goswami Maharaj and Srila Bhakti Sundar
Govinda Dev-Goswami Maharaj, Swami Bhaktivedanta Narayana, Sri
Gaudiya Vedanta Samiti of the Brahma Madhva Vaisnava Sampradaya
and people from various faiths like Hinduism, Christianity, Jainism,
Jewish, Buddhism, Islam and Sikhism whom I have met personally in
various holy places across the globe. Not only those discussions enabled
me to understand „God‟ from different angles and helped me in learning
the criticalities involved on this spiritual path but also they offered their
understandings about the subject which has been taken into consideration
and reflected in some of the chapters. Actually, there is no plagiarism on
spiritual texts because only God is original and we all try to learn from
Him. Nothing except His words (referring to the Bhagavad Gita) are pure
and I have made an attempt (through this book) to bring the same to you.
Moreover, this book is an indication of my spiritual progress in search of
„The Righteous Path‟. So, it is titled in this way.
My gratitude to the publisher for providing uninterrupted support at
all times.
Last but not the least, I ask for forgiveness from all those who have
contributed in the making of this book and their names I may have failed
to mention.
Yours sincerely,
Dr. Chaitanya Niphadkar
(Also referred as Professor Krishna)
(Spiritual Name: SriKrishna Chaitanya)
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Preface
“Man is not at peace with himself till he has become like unto God. The
endeavor to reach this state is the supreme, the only ambition worth
having. And this is self-realization.”
- Mahatma Gandhi
No work of Indian literature has ever been revered as much as the holy
Bhagavad Gita. It is the conversation between Lord Krishna and Arjuna.
It is the very essence of Lord Krishna‟s teachings. This book is all about
that. It brings you SriKrishna‟s teachings in a simple form and discusses
various aspects related to it, ultimately allowing you to find and walk on,
“The Righteous Path”.
Over the years, these words of wisdom from „The Bhagavad Gita‟
has offered humans some respite from restlessness, complications and
unhappiness and imparted the light of calmness. The practical teaching(s)
offered in this book has a message for everyone. This book could serve
as a beginner level guide for those seeking peace through self discovery
and those in search of God. It can also be useful for those interested in
the Holy spiritual texts and researchers within the scope of theology and
Hindu mythology. However, this book shall be better understood after
studying the Bhagavad Gita.
It is believed that an individual can seek answers to almost every
question about universe, his (or her) past, present as well as future
through the knowledge of the Bhagavad Gita. It is not just an old,
religious, teaching manuscript specifically focusing on Hindu religion
rather something that goes beyond the boundaries of religion and race
and promising to share the divine wisdom with all who seek to find
peace. In this sense, this sacred book addresses humans for all times and
rescues them from the bondage of problems, pain, suffering, fear and
replaces them with divine qualities like love, peace and eternal
happiness.
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It is no surprise that the wisdom of the Bhagavad Gita has inspired
countless people throughout history. Few are listed below:
“When I read the Bhagavad-Gita and reflect about how God created
this universe everything else seems so superfluous.” - Albert Einstein
“In the morning I bathe my intellect in the stupendous and cosmogonal
philosophy of the Bhagavad-gita, in comparison with which our modern
world and its literature seem puny and trivial.”
- Henry David Thoreau
“The marvel of the Bhagavad-Gita is its truly beautiful revelation of
life’s wisdom which enables philosophy to blossom into religion.”
- Herman Hesse
“The Bhagavad-Gita has a profound influence on the spirit of mankind
by its devotion to God which is manifested by actions.”
- Dr. Albert Schweitzer
“The idea that man is like unto an inverted tree seems to have been
current in by gone ages. The link with Vedic conceptions is provided by
Plato in his Timaeus in which it states…” behold we are not an earthly
but a heavenly plant.” This correlation can be discerned by what
Krishna expresses in chapter 15 of Bhagavad-Gita.”
- Carl Jung
“The Bhagavad-Gita is the most systematic statement of spiritual
evolution of endowing value to mankind. It is one of the most clear and
comprehensive summaries of perennial philosophy ever revealed; hence
its enduring value is subject not only to India but to all of humanity.”
- Aldous Huxley
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“I owed a magnificent day to the Bhagavad-gita. It was the first of
books; it was as if an empire spoke to us, nothing small or unworthy, but
large, serene, consistent, the voice of an old intelligence which in
another age and climate had pondered and thus disposed of the same
questions which exercise us.”
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
“In order to approach a creation as sublime as the Bhagavad-Gita with
full understanding it is necessary to attune our soul to it.”
- Rudolph Steiner
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Table of Devotional Contents
Sr.No. Content Page
No.
A) God God is everywhere 1
Form or formless 4
Lord Krishna 8
Bramha, Vishnu, Mahesh 10
Gopis of SriKrishna 12
B) You The purpose of life 14
Our original constitutional position 15 You can‟t cheat yourself and God 19
Time is ruling or ruining us 20
Dharma 24
Karma 31
Doubts about Karma 33
Qualities of a devotee 37
Qualities of a spiritual master 41
Being Brahmin 48
Navagraha‟s importance in our life 55
C) Problems Give and Get 63
Dealing with problems 68
Overcome depression, sorrow and worries 72
Technological advancement but spiritual
regression
76
Friendship with non-devotees of the Lord 80
D) Solution True love 83
Devotional service to Lord Krishna 90
Be happy forever 92
E) Salvation Attaining Moksha 95
Penance and repentance 100
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F) SriKrishna’s opinion Introduction to Bhagavad Gita 104
Bhagavad Gita‟s significance 106
Dharma in the eyes of Lord Krishna 108
Karma in the eyes of Lord Krishna 113
Easiest way to attain Krishna 115
Lessons from „The Bhagavad Gita‟ 118
Don‟t just read but „Live Bhagavad Gita‟ 128
Summary of all chapters of the Bhagavad
Gita (As It Is)
134
G) SriKrishna’s advice 158
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Many of us would agree with Karl Marx that religion is the opium of the
people. However, in the present times, we are so busy that we hardly
have any time for ourselves, then what to talk about taking time out for
understanding „God‟. People working in the corporate world, have
almost lost the work-life balance. Some people may argue that there is
nothing like God and all that we see is our actions and their reactions.
Few may hold that relying on God and His power is for those who have
no guts to face the reality. Unfortunately, this misconception prevents
people from learning and understanding God‟s existence. Just like we are
not able to see the atom with naked eyes but a microscope can prove that
an atom exist. Similarly, God‟s very existence is the most important fact.
To say that something exists means that it has its own independent
existence and it is not the product of somebody‟s imagination.
Show me God? If He is there, then why problems arise in this
world? How do I believe that God is listening? If He loves me, why is He
not helping me to solve my problems? I hear such kind of statements all
the time.
Well, I would like to present the Supreme Being‟s existence to you.
But the problem is that people expect to instantly see God. Trust me, you
can see God as directly as you are seeing this page but it depends upon
several factors. It includes the clarity of your mind, your trust, faith, your
acceptance level, your willingness to change, following spiritual
guidelines and so on. For that, you first need to become purified and
qualified. Then, you can surely see our Heavenly father. Also, why do
we have to see something to believe it? Maybe because, we normally
think, seeing acts as a proof. Just as you have an identity card that proves
your personal details, seeing God face to face will make us realize His
presence and thus confirm His existence. We normally say so but we
believe in many things we do not actually see. It is only when we do not
want to believe something; we make our own rules and complicate the
facts. For instance, if we hear on the radio that the petrol prices may rise
in the next month, we accept it blindly. We accept it because we trust the
news. We do not approach a petrol pump and personally verify it.
1 God is everywhere
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When we hire a taxi, we are unaware of the driver‟s competency to
drive us safely but we happen to trust him although we may see him for
the first (and probably the last) time in our life. If we can trust such a
man who we believe in the very first meeting can drive us safely from
one end to the other then why can‟t we accept that the Supreme Driver
(God) could drive us from Sorrow to Happiness, from this temporary
world to the world of Eternal Bliss?
Death is also a true fact. Would anyone dare to propose that death is
a product of our imagination? So, how can we believe that death is
certain? However, it is reasonable to conclude that it exists.
To recap the earlier arguments, if you agree that an atom exists,
news heard on the radio is true, a taxi driver can be trustworthy, death is
certain, then why shall we hold suspicion about our most trustworthy
friend, God, exists especially when it comes to proving His existence?
Above and beyond, there is a process for understanding everything.
If one needs to get educated in the subject of „Law‟, he or she needs to
first get admitted in a law school and to do so, meet certain criteria.
Similarly, there is an appropriate process for understanding God but he
or she first needs to get enrolled in the study of God. We need to refer to
the textbooks that have proven to be the most effective sources of
information for Spiritual education like The Bhagavad Gita, The Holy
Bible, Guru Granth Sahib, Quran and so on. We must follow proper
procedures and recommended conditions given by spiritual gurus like
Lord Krishna Himself, SriChaitanya Mahaprabhu, Guru Nanak, Prophet
Muhammad and other great souls. Only then, when He thinks
appropriate, God will reveal Himself to us like He has done in the past
for His disciple Arjuna, Bhakta Prahlad, Pundalik, Jesus Christ,
Meerabai, Saint Francis and so on. God‟s existence is as systematic and
predictable as any science. Yet we find it difficult to understand God due
to our misconceptions and mere speculations. Ask yourself would you
call you father very harshly and he would say „yes my child‟. Is that so?
If not; then why do you expect the „Supreme Father‟ to arrive in front of
your eyes and listen to your order immediately on your call? This is
where we make a mistake of ordering instead of surrendering to the
Supreme Lord.
God is a person. He is our eternal father. Why should He
immediately respond to our demands? Imagine if you were to call your
best friend and say, “I command you to immediately come to my home,”
would you think he will arrive? Then why that logic is applied for our all
time best friend, God?
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SriKrishna tells us how to know Him,
(Bhagavad Gita, Chapter 18, Verse 55)
bhaktyā mām abhijānāti yāvān yaśh chāsmi tattvataḥ
tato māṁ tattvato jñātvā viśhate tad-anantaram
Translation
Only by loving devotion to Me, does one come to know who I am in
truth. Then, having come to know Me, My devotee enters into full
consciousness about Me. One can understand Me as I am, as the
Supreme Being only through devotional service.
The process for understanding Lord Krishna is basically to please
Him. Then, if He thinks we are qualified enough, He will reveal Himself
to us. One most important point for the seeker of God is to surrender to
Him with love, in all the circumstances. A person obsessed with love for
Krishna will have no interest in catering to the demands of his body. He
is not looking for pleasure from his tongue, his eyes, his ears, or his
genitals, because he is absorbed in the ultimate pleasure. Such a Bhakta
(devotee) should be calm and peaceful, because one who knows Krishna,
remains with Krishna, lives with Krishna and enjoys all pleasures with
Krishna; that is beyond this world. In contrast to this, He says:
(Bhagavad Gita, Chapter 9, Verse 11)
avaj nanti m m ḍh
m nu tanum ritam
para bh vam aj nanto
mama bh ta-mahe varam
Translation
“Fools deride Me when I descend in the human form. They do not know
My transcendental nature as the Supreme Lord of all that be. Because
they do not know My divine nature as the Supreme Controller of all
living beings, those who are ignorant mock Me when I assume a human
form.”
People who will not accept God unless we immediately show them (God)
are just like blindfolded ones demanding to see the sun without removing
their blindfolds.
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In this age of science and technology, often people doubt the existence of
the absolute. Some people think God is formless.
All of us have a father and he is a person. He has a form and if we
examine thousands of our generations, we will find that our forefathers
were also people with a form. Then, why should we then think that our
Heavenly father (God) is formless?
The word “person” implies form; a formless person does not exist.
Hindu Holy Scriptures has proofs that God is our eternal father and if we
have a form, He too has a form. Rather since He has a form, we have a
form. We have originated from Him. Nevertheless, many people think
that since God is spirit, He is formless. They consider spirit to be some
transparent, superior force or energy. However, there is a scientific
explanation of spirit. The Vedic literature does not deny the formless
aspect of God. Rather, they explain it perfectly. It explains that God,
Lord Krishna, is a person. Just as we are all individual persons, God is
also an individual. But He is not an ordinary, materially covered person
like us. Nityo nityanam cetanash cetananam (Kaṭha Upani ad, 2.2.13)
meaning we are also person, God is also person. He is also living entity,
we are also living entities. So what is the difference between God and
us? He is a transcendental person and to realize His personality one
needs to realize all His transcendental features i.e. His name, His
qualities, His activities, His associates and then His form. God, who is
complete, cannot be formless. Everything in His creation has a form, so
how can He Himself have no form? This would mean that God is less
than His creation or in other words, that the complete is incomplete. This
is simply illogical. The complete whole must contain everything within
our experience and beyond our experience; otherwise it cannot be termed
as complete.
Besides, you will agree, all the great scriptures available in the
world instruct us to love God. How can we love something formless or
void? That‟s impossible. We desire personal relationships and our
ultimate relationship is with God.
The form of Lord Krishna with His bluish hue, lotus eyes, blooming
youthfulness and pearl-white smile is not fanciful. It is not created by an
2 Form or Formless
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artist, a philosopher, or a mundane poet after seeing the beautiful
panorama of this material world. So where does this beautiful nature
come from? Who made it?
Actually, the beautiful things of nature are minor reflections of
Krishna‟s endless beauty. He is the prototype, as He explains in the
Bhagavad Gita (Chapter 10, Verse 41) “Know that all beautiful, glorious
and mighty creations spring from but a spark of My splendor.”
One might ask, “On what basis we accept the statements given in
the Vedic literature about the form of God?” Think for a moment. Every
day we accept the statements of superior authorities, our boss, our
parents, grandparents, on subjects we are ignorant about. Besides, we
believe in things we hear or read. For instance, many people have never
visited London, yet they believe that it exists. We can verify the truth of
Vedic teachings with a spiritual practice. However, to properly receive
the Vedic teachings, we must approach a perfect authority, spiritual guru,
whose knowledge is coming from the Absolute through an unbroken line
of spiritual masters. Then our knowledge will be perfect. His Divine
Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada is such a spiritual master,
and he is giving us authoritative knowledge of Krishna‟s form through
his writings. These books have existed for more than five thousand years
and by following them many have gained perfect knowledge of Lord
Krishna‟s form. For example, Brahma-samhita is a detailed description
of Krishna‟s form by one of the most exalted personalities in the
universe, i.e. Lord Brahma. After thousands of years of meditation,
Brahma actually saw, Lord Krishna face to face. In his ecstasy, he has
defined what he saw:
venum kvanantam aravinda-dalayataksham
barhavatamsam asitambuda- sundarangam
kandarpa-koti-kaminiya-vishesha-shobham
govindam adi-purusham tam aham bhajami
“I worship Govinda, the primeval Lord, who is adept at playing on His
flute, who has blooming eyes like lotus petals, whose head is bedecked
with a peacock feather, whose figure of beauty is tinged with the hue of
blue clouds and whose unique loveliness charms millions of cupids”
(Bramha Samhita, Chapter 5, Verse 30)
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angani yasya sakalendriya-vrittimanti
pashyanti panti kalayanti ciram jaganti
ananda-cinmaya-sad-ujjvala-vigrahasya
govindam adi-purusham tam aham bhajami
“I worship Govinda, the primeval Lord, whose transcendental form is
full of bliss, truth, and substantiality, and who is thus full of the most
dazzling splendor. Each limb of that transcendental figure possesses in
itself the full-fledged functions of all the other organs, and He eternally
sees, maintains, and manifests the infinite universes, both spiritual and
mundane” (Bramha Samhita, Chapter 5, Verse 32)
Experts in the science of bhakti-yoga have confirmed the knowledge
of Lord Krishna‟s form. They encourage us to follow the (Vedic)
methods and experience unlimited pleasure by seeing Lord Krishna‟s
form.
God has two forms, transcendental and immanent.
God is beyond everything, beyond time, space and matter, and God
is present in all beings. God is transcendental, beyond name, form and
boundary but there is another form of God which is immanent. The
immanent form is everywhere, in everything. If you serve a tree, you are
serving God. If you serve the land, you are serving God. If you help the
needy, you are serving God. The realisation of God must become a total
experience.
In the Bhagavad Gita, (Chapter 11, Verses 5-7) while showing
Arjuna His universal form, Lord Krishna said: “Behold, O Arjuna, all
My forms by the hundreds and thousands, of different sorts, divine and
of various colours and shapes. Behold the Adityas, the Vasus, the
Rudras, the two Ashwins and also the Maruts; behold many wonders
never seen before, O Arjuna. Now, behold in my body the whole
universe centred in one, including the moving and the unmoving and
whatever else you desire to see.” All living beings in this world are part
of God. The happy ones, the unhappy ones, the trees, the animals are all
are a part of Him. Thus, if you want to understand God, try to know not
only the transcendental God, but also the God who lives in every living
being and also in non-living things. Only then can you know Him
completely. Just knowing a part of Him is not enough. You should know
Him in all His forms.
God is always with you and loves you unconditionally. Nothing is
difficult for Him. He exists in many forms, from the microbe to the
towering tree, from the limited mind to million universes in the galaxy.
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All the people around you who are suffering, unhappy and floundering in
darkness are all different forms of God. You cannot ignore that form of
God which is immanent and all pervading. You cannot just go running
after the transcendental form of God.
As discussed above, God has a form but He is formless too. How?
You just read, on the above lines that, “Nothing is difficult for Him.”
Clay does not have a form of its own, but whatever form you give it
becomes its form. Gold has no form of its own. You give it a form.
He is having a form (aakaar) and He is formless (nirakaar) too. In
fact, He exists everywhere. There is no place, where He is not present.
God exists in all forms. You may see God in the form of an ant, or Devi
(Goddess) or a sadhu, or a statue (murti). You may see God in any form.
You can worship God in whatever form you wish, and that very form
will appear before you. As Tulsidas says in Ramacharitamanas,
“Jaaki rahi bhavana jaisi, Prabhu murat dekhi teen taisi.”
Meaning: Everyone visualises the Lord the way they want and thus get
His reflection based on their emotional disposition.
Nothing that exists in this world is fiction; everything is reality. I
speak on the basis of my experience. God is our friend who always
works for our well-being. We are the ones who at times forget Him and
in problems, call Him. Yet, He remains always with us like a friend.
Swami Sivananda believed, “God is the breath of the breath, prana
of the pranas, and the life of lives. God is my reality. This is the only
truth in life.”
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The name “Krishna” literally means “all-attractive.” Not only is Krishna
all-powerful and all-knowing, but He‟s also the most beautiful Person.
But why should that matter to us? Because we are all part and parcel of
Krishna; as the drops of ocean water are tiny samples of the ocean itself
similarly we are tiny particles of Lord Krishna. In this sense, all of us are
little „Krishnas‟.
If you know nothing else about Hinduism, you probably have at
least heard of “Krishna”. He is one of the most recognizable figures in
Hinduism with his blue skin and his flute. You might have seen His
picture on the cover page of the holy book „Bhagavad Gita‟ along with
His disciple, Arjuna. I think, it is practically impossible to describe
Krishna but the following texts will give you an idea about, who is Lord
Krishna?
ete camsa-kalah pumsah krishnas tu bhagawan svayam
indras vyakulam lokam mrdayanti yuge yuge
All the incarnations are either plenary portions or expansions of
plenary portions appearing in various universes to protect the
theists; but Lord Krishna is the original supreme lord and the source
of all.
Srimad Bhagavatam, Canto 1, Chapter 3, Verse 8
isvara paramah krishna sac-cid-ananda vigrahah
anadir adir govindah sarva karana karanam
Lord Krishna is the supreme controller. His form comprises
immortality, omniscience and bliss. He is without beginning and the
end. He is the origin of all, the cause of all causes and the source of
the Vedas.
Brahma Samhita, Chapter 5, Verse 1
3 Lord Krishna
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In a nutshell, Lord Krishna has two mothers: Devaki and Yashoda, an
elder brother: Balrama, 16,108 wives, one of which is Rukmini. His dear
friend: Sudama. His eternal consort, Radha and together they form the
timeless divine couple: Radha-Krishna; the epitome of pure love.
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___________________________________________________________
When we say God, it means the whole. The word „GOD‟ I suppose is an
acronym for the Generator, Organizer and the Destroyer. The Hindu
philosophy defines the same with three forms of God based on their
function. They are Bramha (The Creator), Vishnu (The Organizer), Shiva
(The Destroyer)
Brahma is the creator of the universe. He is the chief architect. He
has four faces. He is also known as Svayambhu (self-born), Vāgīśa (Lord
of Speech) and the creator of the four Vedas, one from each of his
mouths. Brahma is also referred as, Prajapati. Along with Vishnu and
Shiva, He is part of a Hindu Trinity, also called the Tri-murti.
While Brahma is often credited as the creator of the universe and various
beings in it, several Puranas describe him being born from a lotus
emerging from the navel of the god Vishnu. Brahma, along with all
deities, is sometimes viewed as a form (sarguna) of the otherwise
formless (nirguna) Brahman, the ultimate metaphysical reality and
cosmic soul in Advaita philosophy. Very few temples dedicated to him
exist in India; the most famous being the Brahma Temple, Pushkar in
Rajasthan. Other temples are found outside India, such as in Thailand at
the Erawan Shrine in Bangkok. The origins of Brahma are uncertain, in
part because several related words such as one for Ultimate Reality
(Brahman), and priest (Brahmin) are found in the Vedic literature. A
distinction between spiritual concept of Brahman, and deity Brahma, is
that the former is gender neutral abstract metaphysical concept in
Hinduism, while the latter is one of the many masculine gods in Hindu
mythology. In Sanskrit, the noun stem „brahman‟ forms two distinct
nouns, one is a neuter noun Brahman, whose nominative singular form is
brahma; this noun has a generalized and abstract meaning
Vishnu is one of the principal deities of Hinduism. In Vaishnavism,
Vishnu is identical to the formless metaphysical concept called Brahman,
the Supreme, Swayam Bhagavan who takes various avatars as the
4 Bramha, Vishnu, Mahesh
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