routing technique table type by umar danjuma maiwada.ppt

ADVANCED COMPUTER NETWORKS

PRESENTATION1

ROUTING TECHNIQUES TABLE TYPE

BY

UMAR DANJUMA MAIWADA

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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1) INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………. 4

2) ROUTING ………………………………………………………………………………. 5

3) ROUTING TABLE ……………………………………………………………………. 6

4) CATEGORIES OF ROUTING TABLE ………………………………………….. 8

Static Routing Table ……………………………………………………….. 8

Dynamic Routing Table ………………………………………………….. 9

5) ROUTING TECHNIQUES ……………………………………………………….. 10

Unicast Routing ……………………………………………………………… 10

Multicast Routing ……………………………………………………………. 14

6) CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………………… 17

7) REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………… 18

INTRODUCTION

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ROUTE

ROUTER

ROUTING

ROUTING TABLE

STATIC

DYNAMIC

UNICAST

MULTICAST

ROUTING

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It is a method of finding paths from origin to destination in a

network.

It is the process of moving a packet of data from source to

destination. Routing is usually performed by a dedicated

device called a router.

Routing is a key feature of the Internet because it enables

messages to pass from one computer to another and

eventually reach the target machine.

ROUTING TABLE

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It is a data table stored in a router or a networked computer

that lists the routes to particular network destination.

A routing table uses the same idea that one does when using a

map in package delivery. Whenever a node needs to send data

to another node on a network, it must first know where to

send it. If the node cannot directly connect to the destination

node.

A routing table is a data file in RAM that is used to store route

information about directly connected and remote networks.

~Mask – subnet mask.

~Network Address – address of the final destination of a packet.

~Next-hop – address of the next router to receive the packet.

~Interface – name of the interface. 7

CATEGORIES OF ROUTIG TABLE

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1) STATIC ROUTING TABLE

It is a form of routing that occurs when a router uses a

manually-configured routing entry, rather than information

from a dynamic routing traffic.

In many cases, static routes are manually configured by a

network administrator by adding in entries into a routing

table, though this may not always be the case. static routes are fixed and do not change if the network is changed

or reconfigured. Static routing is often used to help transfer routing

information from one routing protocol to another

2) DYNAMIC ROUTING TABLE

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It is a networking technique that provides optimal data

routing. The router delivers and receives the routing

messages on the router interfaces.

Whenever a router finds a change in topology, the routing

protocol advertises this topology change to other routers. Dynamic routing is less secure than static routing. It

describes the capability of a system, through which routes

are characterized by their destination.

ROUTING TECHNIQUES

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A. UNICAST ROUTING

Unicast routing is the process of forwarding unicasted traffic

from a source to a destination on an internetwork.

Unicasted traffic is destined for a unique address. The host

and the destination addresses in the IP datagram are the

unicast address assigned to the host.

A unicast packet starts from the source and passes through

routers to reach the destination. Unicast transmission, in

which a packet is sent from a single source to a specified

destination.

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INTRA AND INTERDOMAIN ROUTING – Intra domain routing

is the routing within (inside) a group of networks. While

Inter domain routing is the routing outside a group of

networks (communication between two or more group of

networks).

MULTIPLE UNICAST – several packets starts from the source.

Many copies will travel between the routers, each with a

different destination address and sends them one-by-one.

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UNICAST ROUTING PROTOCOLS

Distance Vector Routing e.g. RIP

Link State Routing e.g. OSPF

Path Vector Routing e.g. BGP

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B. MULTICAST ROUTING

Multicast routing is a method of sending Internet Protocol

(IP) datagrams to a group of interested receivers in a single

transmission.

A multicast datagram is delivered to destination group

members with the same “best-effort” reliability as a

standard unicast IP datagram.

Multicast routers execute a multicast routing protocol to

define delivery paths that enable the forwarding of

multicast datagrams across an internetwork.

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APPLICATIONS OF MULTICASTING Access to Distributed Databases

Distance Learning

Teleconferencing

MULTICAST ROUTING PROTOCOLS

i. Source-Based Tree

MOSPF

DVMRP

PIM-DM

ii. Group-Shared Tree

CBT

PIM-SM

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CONCLUSIONRouting has been discussed with routing table, for easy

understanding of how packets are forwarded from a source to a

destination. The presentation shows you how routing occurs

despite the fact that the protocols have not been discussed but

atleast the introductory aspect have been covered.

I believed my colleagues will give a detail about the protocols and

in that case you will understand in full what happens during

routing using the protocols.

Lastly, references have been provided for easy search and more

understanding were necessary.

REFERENCES

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[1]. Aaron Balchunas. (2007). The Cisco IOS v1.22.

[2]. Andrew Tanenbaum, S. (2011). Computer Networks (4th

edition), Ph. D from the university of California.

[3]. Angelos Stavrou. (2007). Cisco Inter-network Operating

System (IOS), a short guide for the Net Admin.

[4]. Barry, G. B. (2007). Computer Systems and Networks.

[5]. Behrouz, A. (2002). Data communication and Networks

[6]. Behrouz A. Forouzan (2012). Data Communication and

Networking (5th Edition).

[7]. Dana Madison, E., & Aaron Sanders, D. (2001). Data

Communications Concepts.

[8]. David Wetherall, J. (2014).WA: computer Networks (5th

edition). University of Washington Seattle.

[9]. Larry L. Peterson & Bruce S. Davie. (2007). Computer

Networks, a system approach.

[10]. Todd, L. (2007). CCNA Study guide for networking (6th Edition).

[11]. Tom, S. (2002). Encyclopedia of Networking and Data

Communication.

[12]. William, S. (2007). Data and Computer Communications (8th

Edition).

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THANK YOU

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