romanticism by steven liu and alex rosen. romanticism late 1700s – early 1800s previous movement:...

Romanticism

By Steven Liu and Alex Rosen

Romanticism Late 1700s – Early 1800s Previous movement: Baroque, Rococo,

Neoclassicism Coinciding movement: Neoclassicism,

Realism Following movement: Impressionism Jean-Jacques Rousseau considered founder

of movement

Influences Medieval stories Africa, Orient Rubens, Rembrandt French philosopher Jean-Jacques

Rousseau’s descriptions of natural beauty (1700)

British philosopher Edmund Burke’s views on human attraction to sublime (1757)

Characteristics More focus on individualism and emotionalism

than conventionalism and intellectualism Mysterious,unexplained, and possibly dangerous

phenomena of the mind Emphasis on rich color, energetic brushstrokes,

emotion, content, passion Paintings show nostalgia for past and idealistic

participation in current events Return to an untamed nature

Characteristics (cont.) Insanity Medieval chivalry Tragedy Bold Exotic Melodrama Melancholy Images of war, solitary figures

Watercolor Made by mixing powdered pigments with water

and a binder and drying agent (such as gum arabic)

Commonly used paper as a ground Can be overlaid with another color to produce a

wash effect Gouache- watercolor paint that becomes opaque

when dried Popular among Constable, Turner, American

landscape artists

Aquatint Combines principles of engraving and

wash drawing Rosin- a form of powdered resin that

protects against the effects of an acid bath Artist covers spaces between etched lines

with rosin to control the acid’s effect Expands the range of grainy tones in prints

Historical Events 1737- French authorities begin sponsoring

annual art exhibitions called the Salon May 3, 1808- Napoleon’s army rounds up

and executes residents of Madrid in retaliation to rebels

1816- French frigate Medusa sinks off coast of Africa. Passengers survive for 13 days on “floating hell of death”

Historical Events (cont.) 1800s- Industrial Revolution; use of cast

iron in architecture 1822-24- Greek war for independence from

Turkey. Turks massacre Greek at Chios July 1830- Paris insurrection; uprising

against Bourbon king Charles X 1836- Transcendentalism

Edward Hicks

The Peaceable Kingdom

1834 National

Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.

Oil on canvas 29 3/8 in. x 35

½ in.

Edward Hicks (1780-1849) Expanded Romanticism to include folk art Embodied the romantic idea of returning

nature Folk artists are not academically trained Characteristics include flat, unnatural

proportions, spontaneous appearance, lack of Classical tradition

John ConstableSailsbury

Cathedral from the Bishops Garden

1820 Metropolitan

Museum of Art, New York

Oil on canvas 2 ft 10 5/8 in.

x 3 ft 8 in.

John Constable

The Hay Wain

1821 National

Gallery, London

Oil on canvas

50 ¾ in. x 72 ¾ in.

John Constable (1776-1837) One of the greatest English Romantic

landscape painters Among the first painters to paint outdoors First to paint clarity, depth, shadow of

water

John Nash Royal Pavilion 1815-1818 Brighton, England

John Nash (1752-1835) Revived historical styles in Romantic

architecture Incorporated Far East Went bankrupt in 1793 Later became a member of the prince

regeant’s circle Made fortune in real estate

Théodore Géricault

The Raft of the Medusa

1819 Louvre,

Paris Oil on

canvas 16 ft x 23

ft

Théodore Géricault (1791-1824) Developed Romanticism in France Committed to social justice and psychology Portrayed individual against social injustice

and struggle of humanity against the elements

Studied the insane between 1822-23 Died at age of 33

Eugène Delacroix

Massacre at Chios

1822-24 Louvre,

Paris Oil on

canvas 13 ft 10 in.

x 11 ft 7 in.

Eugène Delacroix

Liberty Leading the People

1830 Louvre,

Paris Oil on

canvas 8 ft 6 in.

x 10 ft 7 in.

Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863)

Most prominent French Romantic painter Stood for color over line Artwork uses broad sweeps of color, lively

patterns, energetic figural groups Shared Lord Byron’s nostalgia for ancient

Greece

Francisco de Goya y Lucientes

The Executions of the Third of May, 1808

1814 Prado,

Madrid Oil on

canvas 8 ft 9 in. x

11 ft 4 in.

Francisco de Goya y Lucientes (1746-1828) Brought Romanticism to Spain Appointed painter of King Charles IV of

Spain Championed Enlightenment views of

individual freedom against political oppression