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Roles of Parents Teachers and Caregivers for the Early Childhood Care and
Development
Office of the Education Council, Ministry of Education
Preface
TheOffice of theEducationCouncil (OEC),Ministry of Education is organizing
anInternationalConferenceonEducationduring23–25June2013attheCentaraGrand
andBangkokConventionCentre atCentralWorld,Bangkok. This is an important venue
incorporating several events related to Education, for example, EducationResearch
Symposium,EducationPolicyReviewwithUNESCOandOECD,TeacherDevelopment,
EducationforAllandGlobalMonitoringReport,MeasuresofAchievements,ASEANandNational
Qualifications Frameworks, EarlyChildhoodEducation,CapacityBuilding in Science,
Mathematics,Innovation,EnglishProficiency,ExhibitionsandRoundtableDiscussions.
Thisdocument is contributed for the roundtablediscussion “Roles of Parents,
TeachersandCaregivers forEarlyChildhoodCareandEducation”onMonday24June,
2013.TheOfficeoftheEducationCouncilexpectsthatthisdocumentwillbeusefulforpeople
whoareresponsibleforEarlyChildhoodCareandEducationinThailandaswellastheones
relatedtotheissue(i.e.childrenandparents)
Dr.SasitharaPichaichannarong
Secretary-General
Contents
Page
SituationofEarlyChildhoodEducation 1
Agencies 1
NumbersofEarlyChildhoodChildren 5
Operation 6
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Role of Parents Teachers and Caregivers for the Early Childhood Care and Development
Situation of Early Childhood Education
EarlyChildhood’sdefinitionaccordingtoLong-TermPolicyandStrategyforEarlychildhoodcare
anddevelopment(0-5Agegroup)2007-2016ischildrenfromburnuntiltheage5years11months29
days(under6years)whereasNationalStrategicPlanforEarlyChildhoodDevelopment,Theyreferred
tothenewborntopre-firstgraders;theyincludechildreningeneral,thosedisadvantagedanddisabled
isaswellaschildrenofforeignoriginlivinginThailand.
Although the early childhood education is not the compulsory education, the government
agenciesalsoprovidethedevelopmentactivitiesforthemincludingprovideparentsandstakeholders
theknowledgeoftheearlychildhoodcare.Thegovernmentrealizesthattheearlychildhoodeducation
is the heart of human development which is important to the development in physical, emotional,
social,mentalandintellectual.EarlyChildhoodcouldbedividedinto2groups;FirstlyChildrenaged
0–3years,SecondlyChildrenaged3–5years
1) Childrenaged0–3yearswhichshouldberearedbythefamily.Inthecasethatthefamily
can’trearthemselves, theearlychildhooddevelopmentcentersareprovidedintermofHomecare,
Nursery,andInitialcarecenterfordisability.TheagenciesregardingthisgroupareMinistryofPublic
Health,MinistryofSocialDevelopmentandHumanSecurityandMinistryofInterior.
2) Childrenaged3–5yearswhichusuallyenrolledinthechildrendevelopmentCenterand
school.TheagenciesregardingthisgroupareMinistryofEducation,MinistryofInteriorandTheBorder
PetrolPoliceBureau.
Agencies
1) Ministry of Public Health (MPH):Itprovidesparentpreparation;pregnantcare;motherand
childhealthcare–physical,mentalandnutritional;vaccinationtoproduceimmunitytodisease;Iodine
supplementation,E.Q.andI.Q.enhancement.MPHhasthedepartmentregardingtheearlychildhood
developmentasfollowing
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-DepartmentofMentalHealth,itisresponsibleforcreatingtheknowledgeandunderstanding
anddevelopingtheskillsofteachersandparentstorearchildrenproperlyaccordingtotheirage.It
providesthedocumentsabouttheinnovationhowtodeveloptheintellectualofThaiearlychildhoodages
0-5years.Theseare1)TheguidelineofchildrenE.Q.&I.Q.developmentforteachersandCaregiverin
Childdevelopmentcenter.2)TheguidelineofchildrenE.Q.&I.Q.developmentforteachersinschool
3)TheguidelineofchildrenE.Q.&I.Q.developmentforparents3)Theguidelineforlecturerhowto
buildchildrenE.Q.& I.Q.developmentcourse.And5)Theguidelinehow tocreate theactivitiesof
childrenE.Q.&I.Q.developmentinschoolandChilddevelopmentcenter.
-DepartmentofHealth,itisresponsiblefordevelopingtheknowledgeofthehealthpromotion
I.e.providethehealthknowledge,givetheconsultanttothemateandtheexpectingmother. It is in
chargeofthefamilywarm,familyplan.
-ChildrenHospital,Theprojectsrelatedtotheearlychildhooddevelopmentare:Theprojects
of theearlychildhood’sdevelopmentaretherolemodelof thebreastfeeding,thecallcenterfor the
consultantaboutthebreastfeeding,theAustitimcareanddevelopmentproject.
-RajanukulInstitute,Responsiblefordevelopinganacademiccenterforchilddevelopment
and intellectual disability, tertiary holistic service for intellectual disability. It is in charge of transfer
of knowledgeand technologies inpromotion,prevention, treatment,and rehabilitation in intellectual
disabilities.
2) Ministry of interior
-LocalAdministrativeOrganization,DepartmentofLocalAdministration, it isresponsible
forsupportingandpromotingtheoperationofLocalAdministrativeOrganizationtoreachthehighest
efficiency. It is useful for the quality of life in each local area. Early childhood children which this
department is in charge are the highest portion. This department provides the child development
centerforchildrenaged3-5years.
In thepast, thechilddevelopmentcenter is responsibleby thecommunitydevelopment
department,DepartmentofReligiousAffairsandministryofeducationuntilthedecentralizationtoLocal
AdministrativeOrganizationActhasbeenpromulgate.TheCentersfromallagenciesaretransfer to
localadministrativeorganization.Thereare2typesofthechilddevelopmentcenters,firstlyThecenter
establishedbylocaladministrativeorganization,secondly,Thecentertransferredfromotheragencies.
DepartmentofLocalAdministrationtakesactionontheearlychildhood’sdevelopmentasfollowing;
1) Developingtheguardianandcaregiverwith
- Training theguardian andcaregiver about the competency, skill, experienceand
suggestunderstandwhattheearlychildhoodrearis.
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-Promoting thecareerpathbyassigning thechilddevelopmentcenter tobeoneof
LAO’ssector.Allstaffsinthechilddevelopmentcenterarealsothelocaladministrationofficer.
- Organingatrainingseminareveryyear.
2) Selectingtheoutstandingguardiansandcaregiversandtheleaderforchilddevelopment
network;Department of LocalAdministration select the outstandingguardians andcaregivers from
everydistrictsandgivethemaward.Besides,thedepartmentchoosetheleaderofthestaffsinthechild
developmentcenterfrom75provincestocreatetheprovincialchilddevelopmentnetwork.
3) Rolemodelofthechilddevelopmentcenter;DepartmentofLocalAdministrationand
ThaiHealthPromotionFoundationorganizetheRolemodelofthechilddevelopmentcentertopromote
allcentertoreachthehighestquality.
- Bangkok metropolitan; there are 2 departments in charge of the early childhood
development,namely
1) Thesocialdevelopmentdepartment;responsibleforthechildrenaged2-6yearsinterm
oftheiractivitiesandwelfare.
2) Theeducationdepartment;responsibleforprovidingtheeducationtochildrenaged4-5
years.Thereare436Schools(61,000students)underBangkokmetropolitan.
3) Ministry of Social Development and Human Security (MSDHS): theministry’smissions
abouttheearlychildhoodchildrenaretohelpchildreninthepoorfamilyandchildrenwhoareinproblem
andsufferadversity. Italsopatronizesorphans. Itpromotes theoperationof thechilddevelopment
centeraged0–5yearbysupportinglunch,Supplementaryfood,toys,andsportinstruments.MSDHS
hasthedepartmentregardingtheearlychildhooddevelopmentasfollowing
- Departmentofsocialdevelopmentandwelfare;responsibleforprovidingthechildcenter
andkindergarten.Thereare9centersand327children.Besides,itfacilitesthelicensetoestablishthe
childcenterandkindergarten.
- Officeofwelfarepromotion,protectionandempowermentofvulnerablegroups;itprovides
the service for children, the disadvantaged, the disabled and the old people. In order to develop
children,itenhancesthechilddevelopmentcenterinthecommunitybypreparingthenationalstandard
ofthechilddevelopmentcenter.Thisstandardhasbeenapprovedbythecabinetsatitsmeetingon
May,32554anddeclaredtousethenationalstandardofthechilddevelopmentcenterasthecentral
standards.Andassignedtheinvolvedagenciestotakeactionuptotheirmission.
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4) Ministry of Education
- OfficeoftheBasicEducationCommission(OBEC)
OBECtakescarechildrenaged4–5years(kindergarten1-2).Ithastakentheprojects
according to thegovernmentpolicies in 5 issues, namely 1) theopportunities in education, 2) The
developmentofeducationalquality,3)Themanagementof teachersand theeducationalofficer,4)
decentralizationtotheeducationalserviceareaofficeandschooland5)Theeducationaldevelopment
inthesouthernborderprovince.Fortheearlychildhooddevelopment,OBECcreatestheprojectsas
following
- Thechildrensciencehouseproject;Itaimstodevelopthepedagogyofscienceinthe
kindergarten.
- The best practice of the learning activities for early childhood; they exchange the
experienceabouthowtocreatetheactivitiesforchildren.
- Thedevelopmentofthekindergartenmanagement;theeducationalserviceareaoffices
work together with provincial kindergarten school research the effective management of the early
childhoodeducation.
- Theworkshoponthedevelopmentof thestrengtheningacademicfor thesupervisor;
supervisorisoneoftheimportantpersonwhoguidetheknowledgetotheteacher.
- Theparentsandguardiansdevelopmentproject;theeducationalserviceareaoffices
andschooltrytoeducateparentstoknowthechildrenrearingandunderstandthechildren’scompetency.
- Theevaluationoftheearlychildhooddevelopment;theeducationalserviceareaoffices
evaluategraduatedchildren.Thetargetgroupsarechildrenintheprovincialschoolbothpublicand
private.
- Theevaluationofthekindergartenschoolsandtheirnetwork;theeducationalservice
areaofficesevaluategraduatedtherolemodelofthekindergartenschoolsandtheirnetwork.Thetarget
groupsaretheprovincialschoolbothpublicandprivate.
- Themonitoringoftheearlychildhoodlessonplan;theprojectobjectiveistoenhance
thequalityofthekindergartenschools.
- Thepromotionofearlychildhoodinnovativeresearch;OBECgivesachangetoschools
ineachregionchoosingvolunteertodeveloptheschoolquality.
- The project of 15 years free of charge education; the government announced that
allchildrenmusthaveachange togo toschoolwithoutanycharges fromkindergartenuntilhigher
secondarylevel.
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-OfficeofthePrivateEducationCommission(OPEC)
OPEChastakenanumberofstepstodeveloptheearlychildhoodeducation;
-trainingtheearlychildhoodteacherincentraltounderstandtheconceptofearlychildhood
educationandfocusonhowtofosterchildrenbecomingawareoftheenvironment.
- organizing the workshop for the teachers and the educational officers to understand the
conceptofearlychildhoodeducation.
- training theearlychildhood teacher in theprivateschool tobeable tocreate the learning
media.
Numbers of Early Childhood Children
EarlyChildhoodcouldbedividedinto2groups;FirstlyChildrenaged0–3years,Secondly
Childrenaged3–5years.Bothgroupsshouldberearedbytheirfamilywiththereasonthatallchildren
haverighttogetgoodcare,support,protection,anddevelopmentinfullpotential
1)NumberofEarlychildhoodChildrenaged0–3yearsandaged3–5years
Aged Group
2011
No. of Early Childhood
Children
No. of Children in
Child center/school Percentage
0 – 3 years 2,262,612 * *
3 – 5 years 2,690,592 2,805,537 104.3
* Thailand Educational Statistic in 2011 didn’t collect number of Children in Child center/school
2)Numberofchildrenaged3-5yearsinthekindergarten
Aged Group No. of children in the kindergarten Percentage
Total Public Private Public Private
3 – 5 years 2,805,537 2,176,869 619,364 77.5 21.5
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3)Numberofchildrenaged3-5yearsinthekindergarten/Public&PrivateAgencies
AgenciesNo.
Level
Aged 0-3
years
Child Care
center
kindergarten
1 - 3
Kindergarten
1 – 2
Ministry of Education 1,639,368 33,453 - 597,067 1,008,848
Ministry of interior
(Department of Local Administration)
1,073,352 1,033 933,720 95,277 43,322
Ministry of interior
(Bangkok Metropolitan)
86,464 - 27,334 - 59,130
Ministry of Social Development
and Human Security
327 - 247 80 -
Total 2,799,511 34,486 961,301 692,424 1,111,300
Note: The information came from Thailand Educational Statistic in 2011, Office of the education Council
Thereareotheragencieswhichisresponsibleforearlychildhoodchildreni.e.theBorderPetrol
PoliceBureauisresponsiblefor6,000pre-schoolchildrenlivinginthebordersofThailand,Ministryof
Labourspromotes51ofthechildcarecentersintheworkplaceswhichisinchargeof1,500ofchildren,
Ministryofindustriespromotes25ofthechildcarecentersintheindustriesthathave2,000children.
Operation
1. The role of parent teachers and caregiver
Parentteachersandcaregivershouldunderstandtheearlychildhoodchildreninfollowing
issues
1.1 They shouldunderstandabout the individualdifferencesandchildrendevelopment
thattherehaverapidlychangeinearlychildhood.
1.2 Theyshouldavoidthechildrencomparisonbecauseitaffectsthechildrensensibility.
1.3 Teachersandcaregivershouldavoidteachingortestingchildrentoclassifychildren
whereasparentshouldexplainwithoutcomplain.
1.4 Parents shouldn’tbelievechildrenaregeniuswhen theycananswerorunderstand
thingfast,inotherhandwhentheycan’t,parentshouldn’tbelievetheyhavethedevelopmentproblem.
Parentsshouldencouragethemtoshowtheircapabilityaccordingtotheirage.Parentsmayrecord
theirdoubtfulbehaviortoconsultthedoctor.
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1.5 They shouldaccept the individualdifferences for creating the learningenvironment
forthem.
2. HealthCareofearlychildhood
Ingeneral,Parentshouldteachchildrenabout thesanitation; itmakesthemhealthyand
promotestheirdevelopment.Whentheyaresick,theirdevelopmentregressandlackoftheopportunity
tolearn.Thebasicsanitationthatparentshouldconcentrateareasfollowing,
2.1 Eating : Children should get nutrient correctly by nutrition. Parents Should teach
childrentohavetherighteatingbehavioraccordingtotheirageandpromotetheireatinghabitsince
thebeginningofthelife.ItaffectsChildren’shealthinlongterm.
Propereatinghabitsare
1) Stop sucking up the bottoms of milk and use glass or tube because it makes
children’steethdecay.
2) Teachchildrentousesharingspoonwheneatingwithotherpeople.
3) Teach children to wash their container occasional according to their age i.e.
discardingfoodscrapsintheTrashcan.
Eatingsanitationis
1) Shouldwashtheirhandsbeforemeal.
2) Aftermeals,should teachchildren toclean theirmouthbygarglingorbrushing the
teeth.
3) Usethesharingspoonwheneatwithothers.
4) Eatonlythecookedandcleanedfood.Incasethattheyeatfreshfoodsuchasfruits
andvegetable,shouldteachthemhowtoclean.
Propereatinghabits andeating sanitationprevent children fromdiseases including spread
diseasestoother.
2.2 Sleeping :sleepingsanitationistheimportantfortheearlychildhoodchildren,mostofthem
needsleepduringdaytime.
1) Settheexacttimeforchildrentosleep.
2) Sleepandwakeupontimeeveryday
3) Don’tplaytheenergeticandexcitedactivitiesbeforebed.
4) Don’tsleepduringfullandhungry.
5) Environmentinthebedroomshouldbequiteandwithouttelevision
6) Don’tusethebedroomtopunishchildren.
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2.3 Excretion
Childrenhavethedifferentbladderandbowelhabit.Theuseofdiaperscausestheexcretion
problem.Theycan’tcontrolbladderandbowel.Theexcretionproblemistheriskfactoroftheinfection
intheurinarytract.Indaytime,childrenusuallycontrolurinateattheageof2–2½yearsafterthatthey
graduallycontrolbladderattheageof2½-3years.Innighttime,theirbladderandbowelcontrolstart
attheageof3–4years
Excretion sanitations are,
1) Teachchildrentoexcreteinthetoiletandshouldcleanthetoiletallthetime.
2) Aftertheexcretion,teachthemtowashtheirhands
3) Practicethemusingthetoileteverytimetheyfeelbladderorbowel,don’tholdbladder
andbowel.bladderandbowelcontrolpracticesbyteachingthemhowtouselavatoryorspittoon.
2.4 Illness
Thesanitationsaboutillnessthatparentsshouldteachchildrenare,
1) Whencough,sniff,snuffle,parentsshouldteachthemtoclosetheirmouthandnose.It
preventsdiseasetoother.
2) Don’tcloseortouchthesickpeopleespeciallyinthechildrencenter/school.Teachers
shouldseparatethesickpeoplefromthem.
3) Teachthemtoknowthebasicfactorthatmakethemhealthy,forexampleeatingthe
useful,cookedandcleanfood,Adequatesleep,exercise,Vaccination.
3. Childrensafety
Accidentsandviolentcausealotofchildren’sdeath.Torearchildrensafetyistheimportant
concernforparents.Thecausesofinjuryinchildrenareasfollowing,
3.1 Fall:parents,teachersandcaregiversdon’tleavechildrenaloneonthetable,chairor
bed.Theyshouldn’tusethego-cartforchildrenofallagebecauseitmaycausethemfallandinjure.
3.2 Shakechildren:parentsdon’tshakethemwhenmoodyorwanttostopthemcrying.
BecauseshakingmaycauseBleedinginthebrainandeye.
3.3 Airwayobstruction:Itcausesthebraindeathwithin4minutesthereforeparentsdon’t
allowthemtoplaythesmalltoyandleavethemalone.Parentsshouldknowhowtotakethefirstaid.
Parentsshouldforbidthemrunningandlaughingduringeating.
3.4 Sleep:bedshouldn’tbetoolargeandtoosoft.Tolieproneonthebigsoftpillowmakes
themindangerbecausetheymaynotbreathe.Parentshouldchoosethethinsmallbed.
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3.5 Scald:Don’tcarrychildrenwhentherearethehotthingonthetablebecausetheymay
sweeporcatch.Whentheyarescalded,putthescaldedpartintothecoolandcleanwater,itrelief
burn.Don’tcleanthewoundwiththetoothpaste,itmaycausetheinfection.
3.6 Animalbites:Don’tleavechildrenalonewiththeanimali.e.catordog.Shouldvaccinate
theanimal.Don’tteachthemtoannoyandharmtheanimal.
3.7 Trafficaccident:Don’tleavechildrenaloneinthecarbecausethetemperatureinside
causethedanger.Shouldinstallthebabyseatonthecar.
3.8 Drown: The accidentswhich often occur are drowning in the bathtub, canel near
home.Thereforebecarefulandputupafencetopreventthemfromcanel.Childrenaged1½years
shouldbetaughttoknowthedangerofnaturalwater.Childrenaged2yearsshouldbetaughttoswim.
3.9 Toxin:Childrenwould like to find things in thehouseandhave theability toclimb.
Theycanstandonthetableforpickingupthings.So,parentshavetokeepthepoisonousmaterial
completelyandawayfromtheirhands.
3.10Eyesinjury:don’tallowchildrentoplaygunorsharpobject.Becauseithasachange
todamagetheireyesandmakethemblind.
4. EducationforEarlychildhoodChildren
Parentsandguardianshavetofocusontheireducationandneedtoknowaboutthecorrect
basictheoryoftheearlychildhoodeducation.Theappropriateeducationdon’tobstructtheirlearning
anddevelopment
Childrendevelopmentsineducationare
1. Childrendevelopmentsgrowindividuallycontinuallyfromthestageofbeingafoetus.
Their development won’t stop and go step by step for example the physical developments start
fromlyingprone,crawl,sit,untilrun.
2. Theirphysicaldevelopmentsbeginwiththeirbodytootherorgans.Itmeanstheycan
movetheirbodyfirst,andthentheycanusehands,fingersrespectively.
3. Therateofthedevelopment ineachchildrenaredifferentuptotheheredityandthe
environments.
4. Therateof thedevelopment ineachorgansaredifferent,Braingrowsrapidlyduring
earlychildhoodperiod.Thecreativitythinkingdevelopveryfastwhilecriticalthinkingdevelopslowly.
5. Thedevelopmentsineachagearedifferent.Theunusualperformanceaccordingtothat
ageoftenistheproblem.So,wecanpredicttheirperformanceandbehaviorfromtheirage.
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6. The development on each side i.e. physical, emotional, social, and intelligence are
relatedeachother.Forexampleifchildrenhavetheproblemabouttheemotionaldevelopment,iteffect
thephysicaldevelopment.
Rearingearlychildhoodchildrenneed tounderstandabout theirdevelopment.Parentsand
guardiansneedtounderstandabouttheindividualdevelopment,ifnotthecomparisonoccurs.These
make them in pressure; they will be lack of self-confident. These understanding help parents and
guardianscreatingthesuitableactivitiestodeveloptheirability.
Rearingandeducationforearlychildhoodarenottoforcethemreading,writing,calculating
numbers. It is theeffective learning to thebrain.Childrenhave to learn throughplayinganddoing
the activitieswith happiness. The content or skill they get should come from the activities and the
experienceproperlyandaccordingtotheirage.Thelearningenvironmentshouldbewarm,friendly,
andsafety.Theactivitiesshouldencouragethemtothinkandimagine.Theycansolvethedailyroutine
throughtheactivities.FinallyChildrenhavebeendevelopedin5domain(physical,emotional,social,
moralandintelligence)correctlyproperlyandaccordingtotheirage.
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Project Advisor
Dr.SasitharaPichaichannarong Secretary-General
TheEducationCouncil
Ms.ChurairatSangboonnum Secretary-General
TheEducationCouncil
Dr.SuthasriWongsaman Secretary-General
TheEducationCouncil
Mrs.TipsudaSumethsenee DirectorofEducationalStandardsandLearning
DevelopmentBureau
Presenter Ms.KornkamolChuengsamran TheOfficeoftheEducationCouncil
Speakers Mr.SomkiatBangsai Chairman,BangsainoiSub-district
AdministrationOrganization,Mukdahan
Province
Mr.ChalermkiatToonkaew Director,ChiangRaiRajabhatDemonstration
School
Mrs.NongsudaChansiri UbonRatchathaniKindergarten
Mrs.ChalemasHarabutr UbonWittayakomSchool
Officersresponsiblefortheproject
Mrs.ArunsriLaongkaeo Chief,EducationalStandardsandLearningUnit
Mrs.PraweenaAusayo Educator,SeniorProfessionalLevel
Mrs.PatcharapanKritsadajindarung Educator,ProfessionalLevel
Ms.KornkamolJuengsamran Educator,ProfessionalLevel
Ms.ManeeratKrungsaenmuang Educator,PractitionerLevel
Mr.WeerapongUjarean Educator,PractitionerLevel
Ms.WipadaWanich Educator,PractitionerLevel
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