robotics & embedded systems

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS &

ROBOTICS

Prof. Anish Goel

Embedded Systems We are surrounded by Embedded

Systems. Cell Phones Automatic Washing Machines. Traffic Signals with Timers. Automobile Electronics.

Find a system that contains no electronic system.

How can a electronic system improve the functionality/efficiency of that system.

Custom design an embedded system for the same.

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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Embedded system means the processor is embedded into that application.

An embedded product uses a microprocessor or microcontroller to do one task only.

In an embedded system, there is only one application software that is typically burned into ROM.

Example： printer, keyboard, video game player

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MICROPROCESSORS MICRO + PROCESSOR Length of transistor is in micron region. This length becomes half every eighteen

months Moore’s Law stated by Gordan Moore. More transistors per chip.

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Different aspects of a microprocessor/controller

Hardware :Interface to the real world

Software :order how to deal with inputs

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Microprocessors:General-purpose microprocessor

CPU for Computers No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself Example： Intel’s x86, Motorola’s 680x0

CPU

General-Purpose Micro-processor

RAM ROM I/O Port

TimerSerial COM Port

Data Bus

Address Bus

General-Purpose Microprocessor System

Many chips on mother’s board

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Microcontroller : A smaller computer On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports... Example：Motorola’s 6811, Intel’s 8051, Zilog’s Z8 and PIC

16X

RAM ROM

I/O Port

TimerSerial COM Port

Microcontroller

CPU

A single chip

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Basic Microcomputer System.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

MEMORY

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Microprocessors and Computer Architecture. What is needed to make systems smart???? Human Brain !!!

We are surrounded by microprocessors. Where are they???

In cell phones. In cars. Smallest electronic system you can think of. Largest system you can think of. They are there is Shoes as well.

What???? In shoes??? What would a piece of semi-conductor do in a shoes?

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Why Microprocessors? They will act as brain of the system. They add intelligence to the system. They can be programmed to perform a task. Once programmed, they make the system work

automatically.

Computer Architecture! Specialized branch that deals with the Microprocessor

Architecture. For instance:

What is the memory requirement of the system. How many input and output devices are to be connected to

the system.

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Block Diagram of a Computer

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Layers of a Computer System High Level Sum := Sum + 1 Assembly MOV BX,SUM INC (BX) Machine

1101010100001100001000110111010111110 Register Transfer Fetch Instruction, Increment PC,

Load ALU with SUM ... Gate

Circuit

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CPU PLATFORM

ARM Power PC x86 Intel 8051 Atmel AVR MSP-430 MC68HC12

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PERIPHERALS

Serial Communication Interfaces (SCI): RS-232, RS-422, RS-485 etc Synchronous Serial Communication Interface: I2C, JTAG, SPI, SSC and

ESSI Universal Serial Bus (USB) Networks: Ethernet, Controller Area Network, LonWorks, etc Timers: PLL(s), Capture/Compare and Time Processing Units Discrete IO: General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) Analog to Digital/Digital to Analog Converter (ADC/DAC)

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MICROCONTROLLER over MICROPROCESSOR

Single chip computer Integrated memory Integrated peripherals Minimum circuit Cost reduction

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FEATURES OF A MICROCONTROLLER

Central Processing Unit - ranging from small and simple 8-bit processors to sophisticated 32- or 64-bit processors

Input/Output Interface such as serial ports Peripherals such as timers and watchdog circuits RAM for data storage ROM, EEPROM or Flash Memory program storage Clock Generator - often an oscillator for a quartz timing

crystal, resonator or RC circuit

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APPLICATIONS

Calculators Washing Machine Microwave Ovens Cell phones Industrial Automation & Robotics Engines (Automobiles) “Footwear's” Cyborg

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32-bit Electronic Fuel Injection Systems (EFI) Electronic engine control for minimizing exhaust

emissions and maximizing fuel economy Instrumentation for measuring vehicle performance

parameters and for diagnosis of on-board system malfunctions

Driveline control Vehicle motion control Safety and convenience Entertainment/communication/navigation

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Control Outputs to Engine

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INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION & ROBOTICS

Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility (ASIMO)

Most developed humanoid in the world.

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AHS:( Advanced Cruise-Assist Highway Systems)

Most advanced systems in the ITS field

Reduces traffic accidents Enhances safety Improves transportation

efficiency Reduces the operational

work of drivers

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ELECTRONIC SHOES by ADDIDAS Adapts to the environment Senses the cushioning level on every step & Understands

whether the cushioning provided is too soft or too firm Adapts itself to provide the right level of cushioning Sensor, located just below the runner’s heel Takes 1,000 readings a second Accurate to a tenth of a millimeter Microprocessor capable of

making five million calculations

per second Adapts with a motor-driven cable

system that spins at 6,000 rpm 22 Embedded Systems & Robotics Anish Goel

What happens when a man is merged with a computer?

First human Cyborg. Half man, half machine. Microprocessor chip

inside his arm. Plans to integrate his

brain with a Chip

Prof. Kevin Warwick

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ROBOTICS IS INTEGRATION OF: ELECTRONICS + MECHANICS + SOFTWARE = ROBOTICS

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Nanorobots (Nanites)

Based on nanotechnology.

Robots having dimensions in the range of Nanometer.

Mission to MARS in 2020 by NASA.

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Sony’s- AIBO

Robo-Dogs Emulates all the behavior

of a Dog. Also used as a pet which

takes care of house. Can control home

devices.

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EVOLUTION OR IS IT ?

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Are the three Laws Really Safe ?

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TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATIONS

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PROJECTS DESIGNED & IMPLEMENTED USING MICROCONTROLLER 8051

Digital Data Acquisition System. Micromouse: An Autonomous Robot. Application Specific Industrial Robot.

Industrial Automation Material handling system.

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Digital Data Acquisition System. Temperature Monitoring, Recording & Control using 8051. Temperature Sensor:DS1621 Digital thermometer &

Thermostat. Display Device: 16x2 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Memory: External RAM (32KBytes). Control using Electromechanical Relay.

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MICROMOUSE

Autonomous, maze solving robot. Touch Sensors used as input. D.C motors used as actuators. Brain: Microcontroller 8051. Chassis completely made out of scrap.

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Application Specific Industrial Robot

Designed for Specific Industrial Purpose. Mechanism on top provides X-Y axis movement. Vehicle provides movement in the plane. Automatic pick and place mechanism.

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Thank you !!! But wait… This presentation is open source….

Log on to my website:

www.discovermechatronics.blogspot.com

You can view/download this presentation. You can brows my projects on this website.

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