river navigation christian baldo
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7/21/2019 River Navigation Christian Baldo
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River transportation: Clean alternativeor destruction for waterways?
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Transport over water is arelatively clean method of
moving goods from one pointto another.
Processes of developingRivers for Navigation
DredgingChannelling
Straightening
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Dredging
Dredgingis
an e!cavation activity oroperation usually carried out atleast partly underwater" inshallow seas or fresh water areaswith the purpose of gathering up
#ottom sediments and disposingof them at a di$erent location.This techni%ue is often used to
&eep waterways naviga#le.
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Channelling
Reducing the length of the channel #y
su#stituting straight cuts for a windingcourse is the only way in which the'e$ective( fall can #e increased. This
involves some loss of capacity in thechannel as a whole" and in the case ofa large river with a considera#le )ow it
is very di*cult to maintain a straightcut owing to the tendency of thecurrent to erode the #an&s and form
again a sinuous channel.
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Straightening
Straightening" in simple terms
involves the moving of mudand sand along a river course
until the #ends of the river are+lled and its main channel ise!cavated su*ciently enoughto contain the volume of water.
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The cost of shipping and the value of rivers
Shipping goods #y rivers is assumed to #e anenvironmentally friendly mode of transport. 5t emits lessC,- than road transport.
6ut truly sustaina#le transportation will not #e achieved ifthe valua#le ecosystems services our rivers provide areignored. Some of the services that are lost when we try to +ta river to the ships 'instead of the ships to the river( include:Storage and retention of water for domestic" agricultural"and industrial use
7lood control
Provision of food from +sheries and livelihoods for small4scale
+shing8roundwater recharge
Nutrient reduction.
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Irreversible impacts
5nland shipping infrastructure pro0ects alter natural riverfunction and ha#itat through physical modi+cation suchas water pumping" channeli9ing" dredging" and graveland sand e!traction. This ma&es deep" straight" anduniformly #an&ed waterways that partly cut the river o$from its )oodplain.
essel operations also create waves that distur# otherwater users. ;oung +sh are directly a$ected #y wavessince their swimming capacity is low. ccidental pollution involves oil and in some casesha9ardous su#stances.
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Opportunities for innovations and sustainablealternatives
6efore ma&ing irreversi#le changes on river systems to
improve navigation" other approaches should #ee!plored" including:Ship technology: >dapt vessels to the conditions ofparticular rivers. 7or instance" low draught ship designallows for operation on inland waterways without the
draught restrictions of conventional vessels.
River information systems (RIS):5nformationservices for river navigation increase the safety"e*ciency" and competitiveness of river transport.
Intermodal techni!ues:Smooth and e*cientconnections from ships to other modes oftransportation increase the %uality andcompetitiveness of inland waterway transport.
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