rimes – regional integrated multi-hazard early warning system for africa and asia
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RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and AsiaRIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Geographic Information System and its Application in Hydro-
Meteorology
Training Course on “Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting and GIS Application”
RIMES, Bangkok, Thailand, 09th March 2010.
Jothiganesh ShanmugasundaramDecision Support Tool Development Specialist.
RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Presentation Outline
GIS OverviewSAVGIS Introduction & FunctionalitiesGeodatabase & Data TypesMeteorological ApplicationsSurface Observatory Data ManagementForecast Data ManagementForecast VerificationSpatial InterpolationWeather Parameter PlotsHazard & Risk AssessmentSAVGIS in Hydro-Met ApplicationsExercises for Practice
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RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
GIS Overview
A System to capture, store, analyze, manage, and display the data that is linked to location.GIS tools allow users to visualize spatial data (2D&3D), create interactive queries, analyze spatial information, and generate maps.
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GIS has information of a object
Where it is?, What it is?
What if? Where if? When if?
GIS can also answer
Hardware
Software
Database
Modeling
Outputs
Visualization
Analysis
RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
GIS Overview
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World Asia Country District
Complexity in reading and
understanding
Easy to read and
understandLevel of Mapping
RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
SAVGIS IntroductionSAVATECADatabase generation & management
SAVEDITDigitizing new relations, Import *.shp files, data quality checks and data format conversion
SAVAMERRaster and Vector data georeferencing, mosaicing and Integration.
SAVANEMain module for Mapping and Analysis of data, Spatial and Surface Analysis functions, Geodatabase Visualization, Statistical and Geo-statistical Analysis.
1. System developed since 1984.
2. Dr. Marc Souris, Institute of Research for Development (IRD, France) is the key person behind this.
3. Freely available GIS tool www.savgis.org
3. Compatible with other GIS tool files and formats such as ESRI shape file, Ascii, Excel, Access etc.,
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RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
SAVGIS FunctionalitiesGeographic database management 2D and 3D visualizationSpatial analysisStatistical and Geo-statistical functions (Histograms, regression, covariance and PCA, Chi2,Ttest, Bayesian, Getis-Ord, Monte Carlo approach, Moran stat, etc.,)Interpolation techniquesDigital elevation modelsData imports and exports (Shapefile, GeoTIFF…)Spatial queries Embedded Google Maps window…
Remote-sensing and Image processingDigitization from Raster data such as scanned paper maps, satellite images etc.,Buffer and Network AnalysisProjection conversion and datum transformations
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RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Geodatabase
SAVGIS - Geodatabase is a database with group of geographical relations (Vector and Raster) layered in single base. Relations are connected with attributes which has the properties and details of the objects (linked with a location).
Geographic extent may vary from global to local scale. For example a geodatabase can be developed for whole world and also for a very small administrative area.
Geodatabase have all the datasets in same projection. It remains unaffected unless user delete in SAVATECA.
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RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Geo-data Type
Polygon1. Administrative
boundaries
2. Land use
3. Geology map etc.,
Pixel based1. ESRI ASCII2.Image formats: tiff, jpeg, bmp3. Grid datasets
RASTER DATAVECTOR DATA
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Polyline1. Rivers and
streams2. Roadways3. Railways etc.,
Point1. Village location2. Landmarks3. Met Station
location etc.,
RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Digital Elevation Model
DEM is elevation dataset from USGSDEM elevation data can used to determine slope, aspect, hill shade and contour in SAVGIS
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Hill Shade Slope
RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Spatial Analysis
Analysis which allows the user to study the relationship between location and its characteristics geographic feature. It is very useful for analyzing meteorological or hydrologic data in terms of geographic distribution, and for verification analyses of forecasts and warnings.
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Figure shows rainfall distribution over the Bhutan region. Also it represents how it varies from place to place (spatially). Whatever objects you analyze with respect to space, it is called spatial analysis
RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Temporal Analysis
Analysis which allows the user to study the variations of a parameter or phenomenon of a object over a location or geographic region.
• Analyze patterns and behaviors• Identify anomalies
Temporal analysis of grid location in Bhutan
RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
GIS in Hydro-Met Applications
Weather Database Management : Spatial and Temporal datasets of surface observatory and Forecast productsGenerate Value added products by adding Geographical Information to forecast.Serves to interpret and analyze scientific productsHelps in Decision making purposes for issuance of warnings and verification.
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Exposure assessment with help of demography, environmental and socio-economic dataHistorical impacts analysis for deriving thresholds by case analysis.Evolving the process of generating pre-impact scenarios
RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Data Generation
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Observations from sensor networks: satellites, radars, or ground-based stations
Model simulation data
Source: NOAA, USA
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Observatory data – Point data (Vector)Satellite images as RASTER files (pixel based values)Model data is always in Grid format. It can be either used directly as grid or point data format into GIS. All point dataset can be made as surface using spatial interpolation techniques in GIS
Data Management
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Analyze patterns and trendSpatiotemporal relationships among weather eventsVerify forecast model output and observations data - Model validationEvaluate Potential Impacts
Data Analysis
RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Why Weather and Geography?
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Better visualization for better interpretation and understanding
Knowledge about influence of a parameter with respect to geography and period.
Help to make decisions for managing the impacts and influence of the event in sectors like Agriculture, Water resource, Drainage, Infrastructure, Transportation, Irrigation etc.,
Source: GOOGLE
RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Weather & Geography
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Regional Forecast Map
Nghe Province
Disticts: Tan Ky, Yen Ti, Yen Thanh, Dien Chau, Do Luong, Ahn Son
GIS Generates
Value Added
Information
RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Weather &Geography
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When to transplant?
When to plant?
When to store water?
Successful WMP !
Assist in analyzing the influence of a parameter (rainfall) over an element in a geographical area with respect to period
Especially use weather information's for Decision making purposes during various cropping stages.
• Ploughing• Seedling• Transplanting• Harvesting
RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Hazard Thresholds
What is the threshold value of rainfall in a geographic area to trigger an impact (hazard)?
Heavy Rainfall can cause? Flood..
Flood can affect?Livelihood..Infrastructure…Agriculture…Etc.,
Heavy Rainfall?Rainfall amount which can cause impacts for society(Ex: 300mm/day or 200mm.hr)
What is threshold?
What it cause and Where?
What is Impact?
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RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Paddy field Case
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What?
Where?When?
Impacts
1. Flooding in paddy field2. Crop damage3. Economic loss High
(because it is at harvesting stage)
Hazard functions
More than 150mm in 24hours in November month on a paddy field creates flooding in the field and huge crop damage.
25 November 2009
Sukothai and Nakon Ratchasima Province
200mm rainfall
Hypothetical Scenario
RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Uttaradit Landslide Case
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What?
Where?When?
Impacts1. Building collapse2. Human Causalities3. Affects vegetation
pattern
Hazard functionsMore than 150mm rainfall may trigger Landslides in the Hazard Zones.
25 November 2009
Uttaradit Province
200mm rainfall
Rainfall forecast
Rainfall Alert level
0-50
No risk
50-100
Ready
100-150
Alert
150-300
Evacuate
Hypothetical Scenario
RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Drainage Case Study
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Impacts
1. Drainage problem2. Flooding 3. Traffic
Hazard functions
More than 200mm in 3hours in Bangkok areas which has elevation less than 2m from MSL and creates Flood in roads
What?
Where?When? 25 November 2009
Bangkok Province
200mm rainfall
Hypothetical Scenario
RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Potential Impact?
Collateral Hazards Flooding, Landslide.
What kind of Impact?Human affectedBuilding damagesCrop damagesLivestock affectedLivelihood activities stoppedTransportation routes blocked Drainage pipes Health Issues
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SectorsInfrastructureAgricultureSocio EconomicWater ResourceTransportation
RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Elements at Risk?Identifying the elements exposed (not Vulnerable) in the Hazard Zone, which is likely to have an impacts for a disaster event
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Elements Description
Population No. of people (Age group)
Households No. of houses (Brick, Thatched, Wood)
Livestock No. of live stocks (cows, chicken, goat)
Agriculture Area of crops (paddy, Groundnut, Sugarcane)
Community Places Schools, Colleges, Community Halls etc.,
Critical Infrastructure Airports, Mines, Gas station, etc.,
RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
How Decision Makers use Information?
Identify thresholds for your regionCheck forecast for your location and translate into easily understandable form
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1. People in villages ____ Stay Alert 2. People in villages_____ Evacuate to High Ground3. Stored Water in parcels has to be released in 24
hours in order to avoid flooding the next day, which may affect crops
4. People who wish to travel through this road ___should avoid, because there are likely chances of flooding in the river near the road.
5. Schools___ in this area will be closed.
RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Weather and Exposure..
Warnings included with risk index for population, landmarks, land cover, and utility infrastructure.
Source: NOAA,GDACS
Tropical cyclone AILA-09
RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Weather and Exposure..
Affected PopulationUp to 24.35 million people can be affected by wind speeds of tropical storm strength or above.
Affected Country (provinces) (population)Bangladesh (Khulna) (31312853), Bangladesh (Rajshahi) (29285383), India (Bihar) (91443350), India (West Bengal) (58245559).Affected Critical InfrastructuresNo nuclear plants affectedNo airports affectedNo ports affectedNo dams affected
Affected CitiesSource: NOAA,GDACS
RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Weather Plot
• Rainfall• Temperature• Wind speed• Mean Sea Level• Wind Direction• Ground Potential Height
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RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Forecast Verification
Day3Forecast
Day2Forecast
Day1Forecast
0.79 0.79 0.79
Day3Forecast
Day2Forecast Day1Forecast
0.80 0.78 0.78
Observation & Forecast Comparison
Grid Analysis
Accuracy
Probability of detection
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RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
TRMM Rainfall Database
TRMM Database Development from 1999 to 2009 for East Timor
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RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Flood Mapping
Flood Map of Srilanka
Flooding in Central Vietnam
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RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Exercise for Practice
The first exercise is to explore about the SAVGIS tool. Starting the software, Map explorer, Display the relations, Colour Shades, Symbols, Map layout etc.,The second exercise is to import the TRMM data into GIS and generate rainfall surface map.The third exercise is to import the surface observatory rainfall data into GIS and generate rainfall surface map.The fourth exercise is to import the forecast data into GIS and plot weather forecast maps (rainfall, wind speed & wind direction).The fifth exercise is to identify the threshold & geographic area, make query in GIS to find elements at risk (population).
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RIMES – Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia
Thank you….
Questions
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