review of knots motions measurements in solar prominences in selected papers

REVIEW OF KNOTS MOTIONS MEASUREMENTS

IN SOLAR PROMINENCES IN SELECTED PAPERS

PART 1 (1954 – 1998)

Rothschild, 1954

Rothschild, 1954

Rothschild, 1954

Rothschild, 1954

Palus, 1972

3D analytic methods:

Palus (1972)Makhmudov et al. (1980)Bellester and Kleczek (1983)

Uddin et al. 1994

Uddin et al. 1994

paperno. of knots

life time

size [km]

velocity [km/s]

accel [km/s2]

helical structure

l

[km]

r

[km]

[deg]

remarks

Rothschild

(1954)49

15-20 mins

up to 174analytic formulae

up to 0.131 analytic formulae

suggestedpolynomials

up to 3rd degree

McCabe

(1970)22 20-593 spray

Palus

(1972)1

analytic formula

analytic formula

hyperbolic spiral

3D

Rompolt

(1975)18 yes

36 000 –

160 000

1 000 –

9 000sprays

Makhmudov

(1980)13 22-150

-2.6 – 0.9 (assumed constant)

Loop, mean velocity method

Kim

(1990)11

~7

mins

600 - 5000 3-37 0 - 0.33 QP

Aurass

(1991)10 30-470 2 sprays

Vrsnak

(1992)up to 600 EP

Uddin

(1994)9 22-410 yes

18 900 –

78 900

3 200 –

15 8008010 EP

Rudawy

(1998)356

<360 -~5000 PFLs, EP, spray

paperno. of knots

life time

size [km]

velocity [km/s]

accel [km/s2]

helical structure

l

[km]

r

[km]

[deg]

remarks

Rothschild

(1954)49

15-20 mins

up to 174analytic formulae

up to 0.131 analytic formulae

suggestedpolynomials

up to 3rd degree

McCabe

(1970)22 20-593 spray

Palus

(1972)1

analytic formula

analytic formula

hyperbolic spiral

3D

Rompolt

(1975)18 yes

36 000 –

160 000

1 000 –

9 000sprays

Makhmudov

(1980)13 22-150

-2.6 – 0.9 (assumed constant)

Loop, mean velocity method

Kim

(1990)11

~7

mins

600 - 5000 3-37 0 - 0.33 QP

Aurass

(1991)10 30-470 2 sprays

Vrsnak

(1992)up to 600 EP

Uddin

(1994)9 22-410 yes

18 900 –

78 900

3 200 –

15 8008010 EP

Rudawy

(1998)356

<360 -~5000 PFLs, EP, spray

Zapior

(2006)14

~5-30 mins

~1000-10000 up to 150 up to ~1.0 EP, PFL, surge

REFERENCES

1954 Rothschild, Pecker, Roberts The Prominence of July 25, 1951, ApJ 121, 224

1970 McCabe, Fisher HCoronograph Observations of a Flare Spray, March 1, 1969, SoPh 14, 212

1972 Palus I. Kinematics of the Solar Prominences, Bull. Astr. Inst. Csl. 23, 60

1975 Rompolt Rotational Motions in Fine Solar Structures, Acta Univ. Wratisl. No 252

1980 Makhmudov, Nikolsky, Zhugzhda Motions in a Loop Prominence, SoPh 66, 89

1983 Ballester, Kleczek Kinematics of Solar Prominences, SoPh 87, 261

1990 Kim Fine Structure of Quiescent Prominence, Journ. Korean Astron. Soc. 22, 31

1991 Aurass, Kruger, Rompolt, Garczynska and 4 co-authors Radio signature and Hlimb features of the 1979 March and 1982 July 9 flares, Astron. Nachr. 312, 245

1993 Vrsnak, Ruzdjak, Rompolt, Rosa, Zlobec Kinematics and Evolution of Twist in the Eruptive Prominence of August 18, 1980, SoPh 146, 147

1994 Uddin, Gaur, Pande Evolution of the helical prominence of December 15, 1992, Bull. Astr. Soc. India 23, 159

1998 Rudawy, Madjarska Small-scale Structure in Loops and Prominences Threads, ASPC 150, 63

THE END OF PART 1

PART 2 (CONTEMPORARY PAPERS)

2008 Chen, Innes, Solanki SOHO/SUMER Observations of Prominence Oscillation Before EruptionAstro-ph (A&A)

Chen et al. 1991

SUMER data:= 1098-1138 A

C I (1118.45 A)(~10000 K)SIII/SiIII (1113 A)(~50000 K)

cadence = 169 sslit: 4” x 300”

BBSO data:full-disc Ha imagesresolution = 1”

vflow = ~60 km/s

vsurge = ~30 km/s

surges:initially red shift vrad = +24 km/sthen blue shift

v = ~216 km/s

2D

kink

HINODE Solar Optical Telescope (SOT)

Time cadence: 15-30 secSpatial resolution: 0.16-0.27 arcsecSpectral range: H-alpha, Ca II HLong time observations

2008 Berger et al. HINODE SOT Observations of Solar Quiescent Prominence DynamicsApJ 676, 89

2006 Nov 30N50 west limbNearly perpendicular to the line of sight5.8 h of observationsMigration of northern end with velocity approx. 825 m/s

(4 times velocity of supergranulaion)

Downflows:velocity: 10 km/slifetime: 10 minswidth: 200-700 kmvortices

Upflows:constant velocity approx. 20 km/salways at the base of the structureaccidentally initiatedconstant intensityfade into the prominence sheet at some heights

Oscillations:Period: 20-40 mins1-2 cyclesAmplitude: 2-5 MmVertical propagation speed: approx.10 km/s

Authors examined 13 QPs7 vertical structure4 mixed structure2 horizontal structure

Dark upflows:all vertical QPsone mixed QP

Vertical QPs:constant motion, downflows, vortices, oscillations

Horizontal QPs:relatively small motions

Upflows:v = 20 km/s

earlier doppler measurements of filaments:v = 3 km/s (Matres et al. 1981)v = 5 – 20 km/s (Zirker et al. 1998)

„buoyant starting plumes”

constant velocity => buoyancy / drag balance forces

Tgas = 10 000 K v = 20 km/sdrag coeff = 1

then

Tplume = 60 000 K

cooling time = approx 10 mins

THE END OF PART 2

THE END OF SPEECH