restoration of rare arable plants - tum · harald albrecht 1), julia prestele 1,2), sara...
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Symposium
Restoration of Rare Arable Plants
Freising Weihenstephan
20 - 22 June 2013
Organization:
Cooperation:
Restoration of Rare Arable Plants - Introduction
Harald Albrecht 1), Julia Prestele 1,2), Sara Altenfelder 1), Thomas van Elsen 3),
Stefan Meyer 4), Klaus Wiesinger 2) & Johannes Kollmann 1)
Key subject of the symposium:
Changes and conservation of threatened arable plants
Content of Presentation:
1. Changes of the (local) arable plant species diversity
2. Development of arable plant conservation in Germany
3. Introduction to the program
Affiliation of authors:
1 Restoration Ecology, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Freising
2 Institute for Agricultural Ecology, Soil Cultivation and Resource Protection, Bavarian State Research Centre for Agriculture, Freising
3 Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen
4 Department of Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Göttingen
Weihenstephan:
- Benedictine Monastery founded in 833
- Secularisation in 1803
- Conversion into an agricultural school
- Today: center of „green“ sciences of Bavaria in education and research
Weihenstephan monestary by Michael Wening (1700)
Weihenstephan, 19th century:
- Various field studies to improve
arable farming practices
Map of Weihenstephan
by Max Schönleutner (1810)
Symposium venue
Change of the local arable
plant species diversity
Entwicklung der
Landwirtschaft
Threatened arable plants occurring
on arable fileds around Freising (HOFMANN, 1877):
- Adonis aestivalis
- Agrostemma githago
- Anagallis minima
- Bromus arvensis
- Bromus secalinus
- Camelina alyssum
- Centaurea cyanus
- Gypsophila muralis
- Legousia speculum-veneris
- Linaria arvensis
- Lolium temulentum
- Neslia paniculata
- Papaver argemone
- Ranunculus arvensis
- Silene noctiflora
- Valerianella dentata
- Valerianella rimosa
17 species of the ‚list of rare or
threatened European arable plants’
(35%) (Storkey et al. 2012)
Region not particularly species rich
Plant community of a winter wheat field in 1951
2 km west of symposium venue (SCHRAMM, 1954)
43 plant species in one sample
- 4 species ‚list of rare or threatened European
arable plants’ (Storkey et al. 2012):
- Agrostemma githago
- Ranunculus arvensis
- Neslia paniculata
- Valerianella dentata
- ‚Vulnerable‘ species, regional level:
- Lithospermum arvense
- Euphorbia exigua
- Lathyrus tuberosus
high species diversity
rare species were still common
Change of the local arable plant species diversity
Development of the percentage of arable crops treated with herbicides
(%) in Germany between 1950 and 1984 (from HANF 1985)
Beets
Spring Cereals
Winter Cereals
Potatoes
Maize
Rape
Field spraying in 1958 (Photo: Bundesarchiv)
Reasons for the decline of arable species diversity
Arable fields close to Allershausen (12 km west of Freising)
Reasons for the decline of arable species diversity:
- chemical and mechanical weed control
- increased fertilization
- modified choice of crops
- narrowing crop rotations
- increased tillage intensity
- seed cleaning
- land consolidation, marketing structures
Decline of arable plant diversity determined by various factors
Publications on the arable plant decline (incomplete list):
Austria: - RIES (1992)
Czech Republic - KROPAC (1988)
- LOSOSOVÁ (2003)
Danmark: - ANDREASEN et al. (1996)
England - SUTCLIFFE & KAY (2000)
- POTTS et al. (2010)
Finland - ERVIÖ & SALONEN (1987)
France: - FRIED (2009)
Germany: - ALBRECHT (1995, meta-study)
- MEYER et al. (2010)
Hungary - TÓTH et al. (1999)
Spain - NEZADAL W. (1994)
Decline all over Europe
More actual information is presented during the symposium
Development of arable plant conservation in Germany
Arable field preserves:
- 1970 Beutenlay (FRG) (Klein, 1979)
- 1981 Luckau Freesdorf (GDR) (Illig, 1994)
Field Margin Strip Program
- 1978 North Rhine-Westphalia (Schumacher, 1980)
Similar programs in other federal states:
- Upper Bavaria 1985:
- 885 field margin strips, 335 ha area
- 23 Red Data Book species (Mattheis, 1993)
Sign indicating a field margin strip
(Upper Bavaria, 1992)
Adonis flammea Gagea pratensis Muscari comosum
Agrostemma githago Galium spurium ssp. spurium Nonea pulla
Ajuga chamaepytis Galium spurium ssp. Vaillantii Onobrychis arenaria
Anthriscus caucalis Galium tricornutum Papaver hybridum
Anthemis cotula Gypsophila muralis Phleum paniculatum
Arabis recta Hypochoeris glabra Ranunculus arvensis
Arnoseris minima Lathyrus aphaca Ranunculus sardous
Bromus grossus Legousia hybrida Sagina micropetala
Bromus secalinus Legousia speculum-veneris Silene conica
Caucalis platycarpos Linum tenuifolium Stachys annua
Centunculus minimus Lythrum hyssopifolia Stachys arvensis
Chrysanthemum segetum Medicago minima Valerianella dentata
Consolida regalis Mibora minima Valerianella rimosa
Euphorbia falcata Minuartia hybrida Vicia lathyroides
Euphorbia platyphyllos Misopates orontium
Species of the Red Data Book recorded in field margin strips in
Rheinland-Pfalz (1985-1991; OESAU 1992)
47 Species of the Red Data Book of Rheinand-Pfalz
Field margins highly successful
Field margin strip in Rheinland-Pfalz
initiated by Albert Oesau
During the 2nd half of the 1990s, the number protected field strips in Germany
severely declined (WICKE, 1998)
Mayor reasons:
- Weed infestation problems in the adjacent parts of the fields
- Difficulties to control the observance of the contracts
- Inflexible management agreements
- Insufficient financial support
- Difficulties to integrate the strips into the operational process of the farm
- Increasing numbers of competing agro-environmental schemes
(Flower strips, renewable resources etc.)
In Bavaria 1997 10 - 20 % of the initial number left (ERCHINGER & SCHMID, 1998)
Development of arable plant conservation in Germany
Survey of arable plant conservation sites
in Germany in 2007 (MEYER et al., 2008)
Only 170 sites with main focus
on arable plant conservation of left
Mainly based on local activities
2009 nationwide project
‘100 Fields for Biodiversity‘
- Long term contracts
(management, financial support)
- State of the art in Bavaria:
Bernd Blümlein on Friday
Development of arable plant
conservation in Germany
This session is originally the annual meeting of the German working group
on conservation of arable plants
Platform for an international exchange of ideas and experiences on how
threatened plants and their habitats can be conserved and restored
Broad spectrum of corresponding presentations
Meeting of the German
Working Group on Arable
Plant Conservation 2009 at
Witzenhausen
Program on Thursday morning (20 June)
09.30–10.20 Henri Darmeny (INRA, France)
Behind the French National Action Plan in favour of messicoles, the rare arable weeds
10.20–10.50 Poster presentations and coffee
10.50–11.10 Nina Richner (Agroscope, Switzerland)
Changes in the arable weed communities in Switzerland
11.10–11.30 Stefan Meyer (Uni Göttingen, Germany)
Recent development of the arable plant communities and rare species in Germany
11.30–11.50 Simone Schneider (Luxembourg)
Conservation of the field flora in southwestern Luxembourg
11.50–12.10 Denise Dostatny (IHAR, Poland)
Preservation of rare weed species in Poland
12.10–13.10 Lunch break
Establishment of a conservation plot in
Luxembourg in March 2012 (Photo: F. Schaul)
Program on Thursday afternoon
12.10–13.10 Lunch break
13.10–14.00 Phil Wilson (The Species Recovery Trust, England)
Development and conservation of rare arable plants in Britain
14.10–14.30 Birgit Lind (Stiftung Rheinische Kulturlandschaft, Germany)
Conservation project for endangered field weeds: ‘Bad weeds grow tall? Not at all!’
14.30–14.50 Lilith Epperlein (TUM, Germany)
Impact of rare arable plants on crop yields
15.00–20.00 Excursion to Munich Plain
15.15–16.00 Field reserve Kastner Grube
17.00–18.30 Field experiment Gräfelfing
19.15–20.00 Fa. Krimmer a seed producer
Excursion site at Gräfelfing:
Left: Overview of the experimental site
Right: Julia Prestele is sowing rare plants
Program on Friday 21 June
08.30–08.45 Rudolf Rippel (LfL, Germany)
Welcome address
08.45–09.00 Wolfgang Haber (TUM, Germany)
Restoration of arable plants in multifunctional landscapes
09.00–09.20 Thomas van Elsen (Uni Kassel, Germany)
Re-establishing arable field plants on organic fields
09.20–09.40 Bernd Blümlein & Marie Kaerlein (DVL, Germany)
Arable plant conservation in Bavaria – the ‘100 Fields for Biodiversity-Project’
and the role of the Landcare Associations
09.40–10.00 Sara Altenfelder (TUM, Germany)
Conservation management of rare species in seasonally wet fields
10.00–10.30 Poster presentations and coffee
10.30–11.30 Johannes Kollmann (TUM, Germany)
Introduction to the excursions
11.30–16.30 Excursion to Sandharlanden (Lunch break included)
Seasonally wet fields in Brandenburg
with high number of threatened species
Presentation by Sara Altenfelder
Program on Saturday 22 June
08.30–13.00 Excursion to Titting
Suggestion:
Arable plant enthusiasts should meet again on an international scale
If you have corresponding ideas or suggestions, don’t hesitate to contact me
I could forward the information to the participants of this meeting
Thank you for your attention
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