resistance and ohm’s law
Post on 25-Feb-2016
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Resistance and Ohm’s Law
When electric charges flow they experience opposition or resistance which reduces the amount of energy they have
Greater resistance -> greater amount of energy each charge has to give up
Filament – high resistance
Therefore, lot’s of energy taken from each electron and turned into light
Wire – low resistanceTherefore, little energy lost – turned mainly into heat
The amount of energy (voltage) required to push electrons (current) through a conductor
Electric Resistance
German Physicist Georg Ohm determined that for a given conductor, the ratio of voltage to current (V/I) is constant
We call this constant resistance (Measured in Ohms - )
= IVConstantResistance
Relates voltage, current and resistance
Note: E stands for electric potential (commonly known as voltage)
Ohm’s Law
IVR
Electrical Insultator ◦Prevents the transfer of electric charges
◦Ex: Air, glass, rubber, paperElectrical conductor◦Low resistance which allows electric charges to flow easily
◦Ex: copper
A single cell is set-up in a circuit with a switch and a resistor. For the resistor, a voltmeter is set-up and it measures 1.3V and an ammeter is set-up and it measures 3.5A.
a) Draw the circuit with the correct set-up of a voltmeter and ammeter
b) Calculate the resistance of the resistor
Example 1:
If a resistor has a resistance of 1000 and the current is 2.0A. What will be the voltage drop across the resistor?
Example 2:
Pg 330 # 1aPg 332 # 1, 3-5Pg 331 # 5ab,7,8
Work
Circuit Analysis
Series◦Only one path for current to flow
Types of Circuits
Parallel◦More than one path for current to take
Types of Circuits
We have four tools we can use to analyze circuits:◦Kirchoff’s Current Law (KCL)◦Kirchoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)◦Ohm’s Law◦Equivalent Resistance (Series and Parallel)
Analysis of Circuits
At any junction (Point) in the circuit, the current going in equals the current going out
At a point, Iin = Iout
Note: In any series circuit, every point has the same current
Kirchoff’s Current Law (KCL)
Examples
In any complete path in a circuit, the sum of voltage rises (sources) is equal to the sum of voltage drops (loads)
For a path,Vrises = Vdrops
Kirchoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)
Examples
Pg 337 # 1-3Pg 343 # 1, 2, 4
Work
If you have many resistors (or loads) in a circuit, finding the equivalent resistance allows you to replace multiple resistors with a single resistor
This allows easier analysis of circuits
Equivalent Resistance
Equivalent Resistance in Series
ns RRRRR ...321
Equivalent Resistance in Parallel
nP RRRRR1...1111
321
The easiest way to put this formula into a calculator is to use your inverse button (x-1)
Pg 339 # 4-6Pg 340 # 7
Work
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