relativistic mechanics

04/15/2023 1In Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements in Physics 2(School Year 2014-2015)

Relativistic

MechanicsPrepared by: Laza, Pamana

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Relativistic Mass & Energy

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Relativistic Mass & EnergyAs it turns out,

while length decreases between two points at high speeds, the mass of an object will increase.

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Relativistic Mass & EnergyHowever, Einstein

did mention that "it is not good to introduce the concept of the mass of a moving body."

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Relativistic Mass & EnergyTraditionally, we

think that kinetic energy is the product of the mass and the square of the velocity. However...

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Relativistic Mass & EnergyEinstein found that

kinetic energy was the product of the mass, the speed of light squared, and gamma minus product of the mass and the speed of light squared

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Relativistic Mass & Energy

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Relativistic Mass & EnergyTAKE NOTE

THAT

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Relativistic Mass & Energy1. When the velocity

is small compared to the speed of light, this equation will reduce down to the traditional equation for kinetic energy.

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Relativistic Mass & Energy2. The amount of

kinetic energy required to bring the velocity closer to the speed of light approaches infinity.

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Relativistic Mass & Energy3. If the velocity

were equal to c, the equation would fall apart because there would be a zero in the denominator.

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Relativistic Mass & EnergyTherefore, we can

conclude that it is not possible to travel up to or beyond the speed of light.

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Relativistic Momentum

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Relativistic

Momentum

A direct consequence of the Special Theory of Relativity is that the speed of an object cannot increase without limit.

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Relativistic

Momentum

One would reasonably conclude, then, that there is an absolute limit on the momentum of an object.

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Relativistic

Momentum

According to Einstein, the momentum of an object is given by:

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Relativistic

Momentum

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Relativistic

Momentum

Even at supersonic speed, a person's classical momentum and relativistic momentum does not differ by as much as a thousandth of a percent

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Relativistic Force Law

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Relativistic Force

LawNewton's second law states that the total force acting on a particle equals the rate of change of its momentum.

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Relativistic Force

LawThe same form of Newton's second law holds in relativistic mechanics.

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Relativistic Force

LawIt will be seen that Newton's second law in terms of acceleration is given by:

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Relativistic Force

Law

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Dynamics of a Single Particle

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Dynamics of a Single ParticleThe way that the

velocity of a particle can differ between observers who are moving relative to each other means that momentum needs to be redefined as a result of relativity theory.

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Dynamics of a Single Particle

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Dynamics of a Single ParticleIf momentum is

redefined then all the variables such as force (rate of change of momentum), energy etc. will become redefined and relativity will lead to an entirely new physics.

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Dynamics of a Single ParticleThe new physics has an

effect at the ordinary level of experience through the relation

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Dynamics of a Single Particlewhereby it is the

tiny deviations in gamma from unity that are expressed as everyday kinetic energy so that the whole of physics is

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Dynamics of a Single Particlerelated to

"relativistic" reasoning rather than Newton's empirical ideas.

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Some Experimental Results

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Some Experimental ResultsThree Experiments

Challenging Einstein's

Relativistic Mechanics and

Traditional Electromagnetic

Acceleration

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Some Experimental ResultsResuts prove that the traditional electromagnetic acceleration theory and Einstein's relativistic mechanics are misleading.

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Some Experimental ResultsElectromagnetic acceleration cannot push a charged particle to V c .

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Some Experimental ResultsEinstein's relativistic mechanics cannot explain the results from all the three experiments but the Galilean relativistic mechanics can.

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Some Experimental ResultsThe Lorentzian deflecting force, which stems from the interaction between a static magnetic field and a moving electron's moving magnetic

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Some Experimental Resultsfield, depends upon the speed of the moving electron.

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Some Experimental ResultsFor further information about the experiment's results, feel free to download the PDF file.h-theory.narod.ru/3LiangzaoFAN.pdf

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Equivalence of Mass and

Energy

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Equivalence of Mass &

EnergyIn his theory of special relativity Einstein formulated the equation E=mc^2. There is a tremendous amount of energy in mass.

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Equivalence of Mass &

EnergyA 20g marble contains as much energy as a 500 kiloton hydrogen bomb, but this energy is very difficult to release.

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Equivalence of Mass &

EnergyIt can be released through matter-antimatter annihilation, when matter and antimatter come together.

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Equivalence of Mass &

EnergyNuclear reactions can be understood to release so much more energy than chemical reactions because of the mass changes.

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Relativity and

Electromagnetism

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Relativity & Electromag

netism"If I am moving at a large velocity along a light wave, what propagation velocity should I measure?"

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Relativity & Electromag

netismThis was a question young Einstein asked himself and in 1905, he published a monumental paper on special relativity which formulated

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Relativity & Electromag

netismhow to transform coordinates, velocity and electromagnetic fields between two inertial frames.He postulated that:

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Relativity & Electromag

netism1. All physical laws remain intact in any inertial frames, and2. The light velocity c is invariant against inertial coordinate transformation.