redes inalámbricas –tema 2.d wimaxand othertechnologies · wimax is for 802.16revd what wifi ......
Post on 11-Sep-2018
214 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Redes Inalámbricas – Tema 2.DWiMax and other technologiesRedes Inalámbricas – Tema 2.DWiMax and other technologies
REDES INALÁMBRICAS Máster de Ingeniería de Computadores 2008/2009
MIC
2008/2
009 IEEE 802 Active Working Groups and Study Groups
� 802.1 Higher Layer LAN Protocols Working Group � Link Security Executive Committee Study Group is now part of 802.1
� 802.3 Ethernet Working Group
� 802.11 Wireless LAN Working Group
� 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Working Group
� 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group
� 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring Working Group
2R
ED
ES
INA
LÁ
MB
RIC
AS
� 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring Working Group
� 802.18 Radio Regulatory TAG
� 802.19 Coexistence TAG
� 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) Working Group
� 802.21 Media Independent Handoff Working Group
� 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Networks
MIC
2008/2
009 IEEE Standards
3
IEEE 802.22
RAN“Regional Area
Network”
40 km
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
54 - 862 MHz
MIC
2008/2
009 IEEE 802.15 Working Group for WPAN
� IEEE Std 802.15.1™-2002 - 1Mb/s WPAN/Bluetooth v1.x derivative work
� 802.15.2™- Recommended Practice for Coexistence in Unlicensed Bands
� 802.15.3™ - 20+ Mb/s High Rate WPAN for Multimedia and Digital Imaging
� 802.15.3a™ - 110+ Mb/s Higher Rate Alternative PHY for 802.15.3
4R
ED
ES
INA
LÁ
MB
RIC
AS
� 802.15.3a™ - 110+ Mb/s Higher Rate Alternative PHY for 802.15.3
� 802.15.4™ - 200 kb/s max for interactive toys, sensor and automation needs � ZigBee
MIC
2008/2
009 IEEE 802.15.2
� IEEE 802.15.2� Coexistence between 802.15
and 802.11
� Predefined traffic management rules for coexistence
5R
ED
ES
INA
LÁ
MB
RIC
AS
MIC
2008/2
009 IEEE 802.16 and Broadband Wireless Access (BWA)
6
� What is a BWA?� High speed connection
� Uses radio waves
� Point to multipoint system
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
MIC
2008/2
009 Broadband Access to Buildings
� The “Last Mile”� Fast local connection to network
� Business and residential customers want it� Data
� Voice
� Video distribution
� Real-time videoconferencing
etc.
7R
ED
ES
INA
LÁ
MB
RIC
AS
� etc.
� High-capacity cable/fiber to every user is expensive� Construction costs do not follow Moore’s Law
MIC
2008/2
009 WirelessMAN: Wireless Metropolitan Area Network
8
Residentialcustomer
SOHOcustomerBasestation
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
repeater SMEcustomer
Multi-tenantcustomers
Basestation
Corenetwork
Source: Nokia Networks
MIC
2008/2
009 Properties of IEEE Standard 802.16
� Broad bandwidth� Up to 134 Mbit/s in 28 MHz channel (in 10-66 GHz air interface)
� Supports multiple services simultaneously with full QoS� Efficiently transport IPv4, IPv6, ATM, Ethernet, etc.
� Bandwidth on demand (frame by frame)
� MAC designed for efficient used of spectrum
� Comprehensive, modern, and extensible security
9R
ED
ES
INA
LÁ
MB
RIC
AS
� Comprehensive, modern, and extensible security
� Supports multiple frequency allocations from 2-66 GHz� ODFM and OFDMA for non-line-of-sight applications
� Link adaptation: Adaptive modulation and coding� Subscriber by subscriber, burst by burst, uplink and downlink
� Point-to-multipoint topology, with mesh extensions
� Support for adaptive antennas and space-time coding
� Extensions to mobility are coming next.
MIC
2008/2
009 IEEE802.16 Standardization Overview (2)
� 802.16: � the original standard, published in April 2002
� defines a MAC layer and several physical layer specifications. The MAC supports frequency-division-duplex (FDD) and time-division-duplex (TDD), as well as real-time adaptive modulation and coding. Single-carrier modulation. The physical layer of the standard covers the spectrum from 10 to 66 GHz, which includes the LMDS bands. The high frequencies limit the use to line-of-sight (LOS).
802.16a:
10
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
� 802.16a: � a completed amendment that extends the physical layer to the 2 to 11GHz
spectrum range (includes both licensed and unlicensed bands).
� the 802.16a standard also specifies three possible modulations: single carrier, OFDM and OFDMA. The lower frequencies allow non-line of sight (NLOS) formats, which can also be helped by OFDM's ability to handle multipath signals. Range can be up to 30 km, with cell footprints in the 4 to 6 km range. Total data rate can be up to 75 Mb/s in each 20MHz channel.
MIC
2008/2
009 IEEE802.16 Standardization Overview (3)
� 802.16c: � profiles, conformance standards, and test suites for 802.16
(10-66GHz) implementations. The profiles are published, the conformance tests have concluded sponsor ballot.
� 802.16REVd: � full revision of 802.16 and 802.16a/d, covering the full LOS and NLOS range (2-66
GHz); currently in sponsor balloting process
� includes system profiles for 2-11GHz implementations
11R
ED
ES
INA
LÁ
MB
RIC
AS
� includes system profiles for 2-11GHz implementations
� 802.16e: � a nascent effort to extend the 802.16a standard for portability (mobile clients)
� Working group letter ballot launched on 15.01.2004
� For details see: http://www.ieee802.org/16/milestones/index.html
MIC
2008/2
009 Frequency Bands below 10 GHz (1)
12
Europe
US
Bandwidth(MHz)
Band
max.
Tx power
100 mW
partly allocated for
wireless access
after 2007:
foreseen for UMTS
max.
Tx power
licensed in
blocks of
outdoor:
5725 - 5825 MHz
max. Tx power:
lic. in
blocks of
83.5 180 170 - 250 300 - 47530
2.4G 2.6G 3.5G 5G2.3G
widely licensed
in blocks of
14 - 40 MHz
outdoor:
5470 - 5725 MHz
max Tx power:
1 W EIRP
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
US
licensed or unlicensedaccording tocountry regulations
LAM
unlicensedlicensed
Canada
not available forwireless access
Tx power
1 Wblocks of
6 MHzmax. Tx power:
1 W EIRP
blocks of
5 MHz
licensed in
blocks of
6 MHz
lic. in
blocks of
15 MHz
licensed
in blocks of
25 MHz
MIC
2008/2
009 Frequency Bands below 10 GHz (2)
� Licensed bands:
13
� 3.5 GHz is the most important licensed band, but to serve all possible markets, both 2.6 and 3.5 GHz options will be needed
� Unlicensed bands:
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
� The 2.4 GHz is less suitable due to interference issues.
� The 5 GHz band is suitable for low density areas with only few potential interferers. The achievable QoS can be high, but always remains subject to unpredictable (legal) interference sources.
MIC
2008/2
009 WiMAX Forum
� The 802.16 family of standards is officially called WirelessMAN, it has been dubbed “WiMAX” by an industry group called the The WiMAX Forum. The mission of the Forum is to promote and certify compatibility and interoperability of broadband wireless products.
� WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access� It is a non-profit organization
14
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
� It is a non-profit organization
� It was formed in 2003
� It has more than 110 members such as Alcatel, AT&T, Intel, Nortel, Motorola, SBC, Siemens, and so forth..
� Mission: To promote deployment of BWA by using a global standard and certifying interoperability of products and technologies.
MIC
2008/2
009 WiMAX Technology
� It will provide fixed, nomadic, portable and, eventually, mobile wireless broadband connectivity.
� Connectivity at rates of up to 75 Mb/sec
� WiMAX 10-66 GHz technical working group� two MAC system profile
� two primary PHY system profile
� WiMAX 2-11 GHz technical working group
15
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
� WiMAX 2-11 GHz technical working group � defining MAC and PHY system profile for IEEE 802.16e and HiperMAN standards.
MIC
2008/2
009
WiMAX Applications (1)
Extending existing services in...
�White zone DSL areas
� Rural and Sub-urban areas
� Urban areas (city coverage)
� Hot Spots
16
solving economical, technical and political issues in low density areas (‘digital divide‘)
nomadic / portable broadband services
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
� Hot Spots
Introducing basic services in ...
� developing countries (new service)� wireless telephony� IP services
services
MIC
2008/2
009
WiMAX Applications (2)17
RESIDENTIAL & SoHo Wireless DSL
IP Services for SMALL BUSINESS
T1+ LEVEL SERVICE
BACKHAUL for HOTSPOTS
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
802.11
802.11
802.11
T1+ LEVEL SERVICE ENTERPRISE
802.16REVd
WiMAX is for 802.16REVd what WiFi
is for 802.11
Certified™ Interoperability
MIC
2008/2
009
WiMAX Single-Sector Base Station in Rural Environment18
Aggregation
X
X
radio link,access multiplexer/
base station access controller
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
�single base station, connected with wireline link to the aggregation network
�outdoor operation: LOS, indoor operation: NLOS�mainly LOS for large distances (5-15 km)
�NLOS is of importance e.g. for small villages
Xbase station
LOS modem
home with
NLOS modem
X local switching
radio link,
covered areabase station access controller
MIC
2008/2
009
WiMAX Multi-Sector Base Station in Urban Environment 19
Xbase station
X local switching
radio link,
covered area
Aggregation
aggregation
switch
X
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
�Characteristics:�base station covers multiple sectors�3 to 6 sectors
(depending on user density and frequency reuse requirements)�NLOS operation
MIC
2008/2
009 WiMAX: Nomadicity & Mobility
20
Nomadicity within WiMAX system
� Covered by 802.16REVd
� Non Real Time Service Continuity offered
Mobility within WiMAX system
� 802.16e (not yet fixed)
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
� 802.16e (not yet fixed)
� Mobility issues handled on MAC layer, micromobility
Mobility in heterogeneous systems
� Mobility issues handled on IP layer (mobile IP), macromobility
� 802.21 handoff group: developing standards to enable handover and interoperability between heterogeneous network type, including both 802 and non 802 networks
MIC
2008/2
009 Caso de Estudio: Equipo Alemán de la Copa America
� Balizas meteorológicas proporcionadas por la organización las zonas de regatas. Los Datos se consultan en tiempo real, con una conexión normal a internet. Cada Equipo decide su forma de conexión y obtiene los datos de viento.
� El meteorólogo, en un barco de apoyo, obtiene los datos, los analiza y sugiere al capitán de la embarcación de competición cual es la mejor opción para una regata óptima.
21
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
� Problemas:� Coste Económico, ya que estos equipos de alta competición entrenan a diario.
� Ancho de banda y distancia hasta la costa. En ocasiones, estando alejados de la costa, llegaba a estar por debajo de los 128Kbps de bajada.
Sergio Duran – curso 20062007
MIC
2008/2
009 Propuesta
� Implantación de un sistema Wimax.� Ancho de banda en ocasiones superior a 1Mb/s.
� Distancias de hasta 8 km.
� Mobilidad. Velocidades de hasta 60Km/h.
� Posibilidad de añadir otros servicios.
22
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
Sergio Duran – curso 20062007
MIC
2008/2
009 Materiales
� La Antena� Normalmente la antena se sitúa en una torre de comunicación, aunque en nuestro
caso, se ha instalado sobre un mástil, en la terraza del edificio que tiene el equipo en el puerto de Valencia.
� Funciona en la banda seleccionada y dispone de dos pequeñas “orejas” que nos permite dirigir la señal y cerrar el ángulo de salida hasta los 60º o abrirlo hasta los 120º. Lo que influye en el rendimiento final y la distancia alcanzada.
24
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
Sergio Duran – curso 20062007
MIC
2008/2
009 Materiales (2)
� La Estación Base� Codificación y Decodificación de la señal.
� Se le conecta la antena por un lado y la interconexión con otras redes por otro. En nuestro caso, se instaló un router Linksys que nos daba acceso a Internet por ONO.
� Da soporte de red a todos aquellos dispositivos que se conectan a Wimax.
� Se puede acceder a un puerto RS-232 de comunicación y configurar todos los terminales que se podrán ir conectando con la Estación Base.
25
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
terminales que se podrán ir conectando con la Estación Base.
� No dispone de DHCP. Toda la configuración de la red se hace de forma manual.
Sergio Duran – curso 20062007
MIC
2008/2
009 Materiales (3)
� Terminales� Enlace de comunicación entre la antena de la Estación Base y los puestos de
trabajo.
� Solo se encargan de la comunicación desde y hacia Wimax.
� Se configuran automáticamente desde la Estación Base.
� Cada Terminal a su vez configura una subred dentro de la topología de Wimax.
26
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
Sergio Duran – curso 20062007
MIC
2008/2
009 IEEE Standard 802.16: Tutorial
27
IEEE Communications Magazine, June 2002
(available on 802.16 web site)
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
MIC
2008/2
009IEEE 802.20 MBWA
an overview
� MBWA Working Group was approved on the 11th of December 2002
� To prepare a formal specification for a packed-based air interface designed for IP-based services with peak data rates per user in excess of 1 Mbps
� Will address MBWA in licensed bands below 3.5 GHz MBWA
� Could provide commuters with reliable high-speed wireless voice and data links from trains and cars travelling at up to 250km/h
28
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
data links from trains and cars travelling at up to 250km/h (155miles/h).
MIC
2008/2
009
The vision of the IEEE 802.20 29
Work
HomeDomain
Portable Remote Access Services
Field Service Apps
Video Streaming -Conferencing Apps
Video Streaming -Conferencing Apps
Mobile BroadbandWireless Access
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
WorkDomain SeamlessSeamless
UbiquitousUbiquitousExperienceExperience
MobileDomain
Hotel/Motel
Portable ServicesMobile Commerce
Services
Mobile Office (Voice and Data Apps)
High BW Connectivity
PortableOffice
Reservations-Listings Directions Services
Video Streaming -Conferencing Apps
MIC
2008/2
009 .16 and .20 comparison
� IEEE 802.20 and IEEE 802.16e standards seem very similar. But there are some differences !!!
30
802.16a
� It is the extension of an
802.20
� It is starting from scratch
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
� It is the extension of an
existing standard
� It operates in the 2 to11
GHz licensed spectrum
� Speeds of 75 to 93 miles/h
� It is starting from scratch
� It operates in the licensed
band below 3.5 GHz
� Speeds of 155 miles/h
MIC
2008/2
009 IEEE 802.21
� 802.21 is an IEEE emerging standard. The standard supports algorithms enabling seamless handover between networks of the same type as well as handover between different network types also called Media Independent Handover (MIH). The standard provides information to allow handing over to and from cellular, GSM, GPRS, WiFi, Bluetooth and 802.11 networks through different handover mechanisms.
� Some of the expectations
31
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
� Some of the expectations� Allow roaming between 802.11 networks and 3G cellular networks.
� Allow users to engage in ad hoc teleconferencing.
� Apply to both wired and wireless networks.
� Allow for use by multiple vendors and users.
� Although security algorithms and security protocols will not be defined in the standard, authentication, authorization, and network detection and selection will be supported by the protocol
MIC
2008/2
009
IEEE 802.22Project Authorization Request (PAR)
� Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN)
� 802.22 is to define:� MAC: Cognitive Wireless RAN Medium Access Control
� PHY: Physical Layer specifications
� Policies and procedures for operation in the TV Bands
� “This standard specifies the air interface, including the medium access control layer (MAC) and physical layer (PHY), of fixed point-to-
32
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
control layer (MAC) and physical layer (PHY), of fixed point-to-multipoint wireless regional area networks operating in the VHF/UHF TV broadcast bands between 54 MHz and 862 MHz.”
MIC
2008/2
009
IEEE 802.22Project Authorization Request (PAR)
� Purpose: “This standard is intended to enable deployment of interoperable 802 multivendor wireless regional area network products, to facilitate competition in broadband access by providing alternatives to wireline broadband access and extending the deployability of such systems into diverse geographic areas, including sparsely populated rural areas, while preventing harmful interference to incumbent licensed services in the TV broadcast bands.”
� Reason: “There is a large, untapped market for broadband wireless
33
RE
DE
S IN
AL
ÁM
BR
ICA
S
� Reason: “There is a large, untapped market for broadband wireless access in rural and other unserved/underserved areas where wired infrastructure cannot be economically deployed. Products based on this standard will be able to serve those markets, taking advantage of the favorable propagation characteristics in the VHF and low UHF TV bands and increase the efficiency of spectrum utilization in spectrum currently allocated to, but unused by, the TV broadcast service.”
top related