reading assignment:

Reading Assignment:

Chapter 14 Hagfishes and Lampreys

end

2008

Summary:

1. Rover predators

2. Lie-in-wait predators

3. Surface oriented fishes

4. Bottom fishes

5. Deep Bodied fishes

6. Eel-like fishes

end

3. Surface-Oriented fishes

• Often small

• Upward tending mouth (superior or superterminal)

• Dorsoventrally flattened head

• Adapted to surface life

Poeciliidae-live bearersguppies

mollies

Gambusiamosquitofishend

Four-eyed fish

end

Cyprinodontidae-pupfish, killifish

banded killifish

end

• betas

• archerfish

Other surface oriented fishes

Gambusia

end

end

4. Bottom fishes (benthic)

• Swimbladder reduced or absent

• flattened dorsoventrally (depressed)

Atlantic halibutend

Bottom fishes continued

• Specialized structures:

sensory structures barbels, fin rays

modified fins (darters, clingfishes)

barbels

end

sea robin

sea robin

end

• flounders

• soles

• tonguefish

Pleuronectiformes-flatfishes

end

hog choker

end

Acipenseridae--sturgeons

lake sturgeon

end

Skates & rays

end

5. Deep-bodied fishes Laterally flattened (compressed)

• Dorsal and anal fins long

• Pectoral fins high on body

• Pelvic fins thoracic

• Mouth protrusible

• Fin spines

French angelfish

lookdown

butterfly fish

maneuverability

end

Centrarchidae-crappies & sunfishes

bluegillend

end

6. Eel-like fishes--elongated bodies

• Paired fins reduced or absent

• Dorsal and anal fins long

• Scales small or absent

• Flexible bodies

• Adapted for small crevices

end

American eel

slime eel

snake eel

end

moray eel

end

end

Evolution of Gnathostomes

end

Cen

ozoi

cM

esoz

oic

65

Pal

eozo

ic

248

590

mya PeriodsEra

Permian

Cretaceous

Quaternary

Cambrian505

Ordovician

438Silurian

408

Devonian

360Carboniferous

286

Triassic213

Jurassic144

Tertiary

2

ostr

acod

erm

s

origin

Myxini

?

Ceph.

plac

oder

ms

Ela

smob

ranc

hii

Ho l

oce p

h al i

Aca

ntho

dii

Cho

ndro

stei

shar

ks

skat

esra

ys

gar

bow

fin

Teleostei

Chondrichthyes Actinoptergii

Sarcopterygii

lung

fish

coel

acan

th

amphibians

ostracoderm

placoderm

placoderm

placoderm

end

end

• Skull--cartilaginous trough; jawless

• Notochord

• No appendicular skeleton

Myxini--hagfishes

end

Cephalaspidomorphi-lampreys

• Skull--cartilaginous trough; jawless

• cartilaginous vertebrae, no centra

• No appendicular skeleton

end

Placodermi-placoderms first jaws• Skull--first jawed fishes; bony tooth plates

end

Chondrichthyes-sharks, skates, rays, ratfishes

• Skull--cartilaginous; jaws protrusible, first true teeth

• cartilaginous vertebrate with centra

• Pelvic and pectoral fins well developed

end

Osteichthyes-bony fishes

puffer

• Skull--cartilaginous or bony; jaws with teeth; jaws variable

• cartilaginous or bony vertebral column with centra

• pelvic and pectoral fins well developed

end

gut

cranium

mouth

Evolution of the jaw

Primitive jawless stage

gill slits

visceral cartilages 8-9 arches

end

hypothetical placoderm

jaw

mandibular arch

end

chondirchthyian

hyoid archspiracle

end

Osteichthyian skull --5 elements

1. neurocranium

2. jaw

4. branchiohyoidapparatus

3. suspensorium

5. opercularbones

end

END

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65

248

590

mya PeriodsEra

?

Grand Forks

Inkster

Ardoch

Manvel

Forest River

Hw

y 18

Hwy 1 to Johnstown

I29

Hw

y 18

UND Biol. Area

0.5

mi

3 mi

tree line

Turn right on gravel road

just past tree line, go north

for 0.5 mi, turn right on

two-track road just before

Farm house, pass ravine

on left and turn left following

Ravine on the left, stop by chain

link fence compound.

stop here

farm house

I29

Hwy 81