r esults from measurement and simulation

results from measurement and simulation

methods (LW, PIC, Astra) and setup

About LW & Astra Simulations of The Pitz Gun

comparison LW Astra

more analysis of LW results

about Astra results: sensitivity to numerical parameters

about approaches: some analytical calculations

second inspection

summary

results from measurement and simulation

see: DESY/TEMF Meeting - Status 2011http://www.desy.de/xfel-beam/data/talks/files/03-Gjonaj_Erion_DESY_16.12.2011_new.pdf

LW = Lienard Wichertexact solution of Maxwell problem (based on retarded trajectory)no spatial meshnumeric integration of EoM; fixed time step

higher order PIC; PIC = particle in cell

exact numerical approach for Maxwell problemspatial mesh & time stepnumeric integration of EoM; fixed time step

extensive convergence test in 2010carefull comparison in 2011

simulation of PITZ injectorfor z <= 5 cmAstra

approximation based on uniform motion rz - Poisson approach; spatial meshnumeric integration of EoM; variable time step

bunch charge = 1 nCbunch length = 21.5 psec (Lt=0.0215 rt=0.002)

rms-radius = (radius/2) = 0.2 … 0.6 mm

MaxE = 60.58 MV/mphi = 223.386 deg (or auto phase = -1.404 deg) E0 = 41.6 MV/m

estimated SC limitation (DC field and planar diode)2

00limitSC REQ

Rrms/mm = 0.20.30.40.5

QSC-limit/nC = 0.1850.4170.7411.157

comparison LW Astra

rms laser spot size = 0.6 mm, slice properties

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

x 10-3

1.5x 10

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

x 10-3

11x 10

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

x 10-3

3000LW

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

x 10-3

1.5x 10

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

x 10-3

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

x 10-3

11x 10

5Astra

see also: s2e-seminar 2011-Feb-07http://www.desy.de/xfel-beam/data/talks/files/2011_02_s2e_Gun_TEMF_Auswertung.pdf

(z-mean(z))/m

norm. (hor;vert) emittance / m c0pz / eV rms{c0pz}/ eV

(z-mean(z))/m (z-mean(z))/m

comparison LW Astra

rms laser spot size = 0.6 mm

comparison LW Astra

rms laser spot size = 0.6 mmr/m

rms laser spot size = 0.3 mm (0.5MP; dt=0.1psec)r/m

aliasing

micro modulation0.2mm;

0.3mm;

0.4mm;

0.5mm;

0.6mm;r/m

rms laser spot size = 0.3 mmsimulation with more particles

0.5M 1M

rms laser spot size = 0.3 mm; calc. with different time step

0.2mm/9=22.2um;

907.037.2

μm 14 tv

1mm/24=42um;

dt = 0.10 psecdt = 0.05 psec

this bunch needs more compression !

0.6 mm

0.5 mm

0.4 mm

0.3 mm

0.2 mm

“micro bunching” vs. injection timecolor frequency = 2x 0.1psec

0.3 mm, half time step

dt = 0.10 psec

dt = 0.05 psec

0.2 mm, <z> = 10 mm

0.3 mm, <z> = 10 mm 0.6 mm, <z> = 10 mm

<z> = 20 mm <z> = 20 mm

<z> = 30 mm <z> = 30 mm

<z> = 40 mm

<z> = 50 mm50 mm

more analysisof LW results

different longitudinalposition

rms laser spot size = 0.3 mm; slice properties500k, 0.1psec

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

x 10-3

1.5x 10

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

x 10-3

12x 10

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

x 10-3

(z-mean(z))/m

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

x 10-3

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

x 10-3

12x 10

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

x 10-3

1.5x 10

rms laser spot size = 0.3 mm; slice properties1M, 0.1psec

(z-mean(z))/m

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

x 10-3

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

x 10-3

12x 10

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

x 10-3

1.5x 10

rms laser spot size = 0.3 mm; slice properties500k, 0.05psec

(z-mean(z))/m

about Astra results

rms laser spot size = 0.6 mmno SC limitation

is it possible to provoke numerical microbunching?(fine mesh, big time step)

Hammersley randommesh linestime step

rms laser spot size = 0.2 mmstrong SC limitation: late emission is pulsing

no: Astra is too clever; during emission it does not use the user defined time step

emitted particles 40.5%

pitzTT100x40

psec 017.0t

Hammersleyemitted particles 40.5%

pitzTT100x40

pitzN100x40

randomemitted particles 40.5%

pulsing (multiple fronts) is no artifact of pseudo random gen.

pitzTF200x40

pitzTFF1000x40

Nz Nr Nz Nr

psec 017.0t psec 017.0t

pitzTTfixed100x40

pitzTT100x40

not quite the same time

Nz Nr Nz Nr

psec 017.0t psec 050.0t

still running: pitzTFFF, 10000x40pitzTFFR, 1000x200

pitzTFFF

pitzTFFR1000x200

psec 017.0t

pitzTFF1000x40

43.8% 45.4%

pitzTFFF 10000x40

10 mesh lines

q/Q = 0.05

result is extremelysensitive oninitial conditionsandboth mesh settings

no initial energy spread

caused by r-mesh

0.55eV initial energy spread

about approaches

the planar diode

a three dimensional driven problem

exact solution of Maxwell problem tzz

tzEz ,1,

no explicit appearance of retarded time

exact solution of EoM

qEqEtz

tEE z ,0

with = slice index, t = ejection time of slice ,

otherwise0

if1,,, 2

in the following: three different approaches to calculatecomparison for

t,rE tztzE zzz ,, eEe

acc0,0 EEz external field,

three approaches

“M” exact Maxwell solution

tzrtzr ,,,,M

“BUM” solution: bunch in uniform motion

“SUM” solution: slices in individual uniform motion

00BUM ,,,, tvttzrtzr with m

ptvv com0

and “com” = center of mass

dzzdtzrtzr~

,~,,, 0SUM 00,~~ tttzvzz withand z(v,t) the slice velocity

injection (z = 0)

mm 6mMV 60

q bunch chargeaccelerating fieldtime of injection (rectangular)

mm 1R (rms = 0.5 mm)

… planar diode__ SUM__ BUMx_ M

mm 6.0R (rms = 0.3 mm)

space chargelimitation

space charge limitation

injection (z = 0)

mm 4.0R (rms = 0.2 mm)

M calculates stronger field reduction than UM & BUM !

… planar diode__ SUM__ BUM__ M

after injection (t > Ti )

mm 1mm 6

mMV 60nC 1

bunch chargeaccelerating fieldtime of injection (rectangular)(rms = 0.5 mm)

iTt 5.1 53.0 iTt 5.2 43.1

… planar diode__ SUM__ BUM__ M

after injection (t > Ti )

iTt 5.3 82.1 iTt 5.4 24.2

second inspection

injection time / sec

injection radius / m

lost particles vs. accelerated particles (@ injection)

integrated charge accelerated particles lost particles

injection time / sec injection time / sec

0.2mm: ASTRA, lost particles = blue

injection radius / m pitzTT100x40

second inspection

pitzTT 10000x40

notcalc.

second inspection

injection time / sec injection time / sec

injection radius / m injection radius / m

pitzTT100x40

second inspection

injection radius / m

mm 4.0R(rms = 0.2 mm)

correct numbers: q = 1nC Ti = 21.5 psec Eacc=41.61 MV/m

M-shielding should be stronger than BUM-shielding!

summary

SC limited emission: differences between measurement and ASTRA

ASTRA incomplete modelpredicts strong SC limited emissionSC limited emissions needs extreme mesh resolution

(usually not fulfilled at end of emission)very sensitive to initial conditions (is it real physics?)SC shielding seems to agree with analytical model

LW should include all effectshas been benchmarked with PIC or vice versa (but: same tracker)less SC shielding: seems to agree with measurementproblems with boundary condition at injection (mirror-point-charge)micro modulation: related to time step and time of injectionanalytical model (Maxwell Poisson) predicts stronger shielding

measurement …?!

r esults from measurement and simulation

lost particles

injection mirrorpoint

simulationmethods lw

trackerless sc shielding

planar diode

analytical modellwshould

summarysc limited emission

numerical approach

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