quail proteins to prevent allergies: an innovative and ... · dr jacquemin marc ch....

DR JACQUEMIN MARC CH.

PHYTO-NUTRITIONIST

SENIOR LECTURER

MEDICAL FACULTIES OF PARIS

XIII (FRANCE) AND BOLOGNA (ITALY)WWW.PHYTOTHERAPIE-JACQUEMIN.BE

WWW.CFNA.BE

Quail proteins to prevent allergies: an innovative and

effective nutrient

AN EPIDEMIC PHENOMENON

THE BANE OF THE NEW MILLENNIUM

Allergic reaction or more specifically allergic

inflammation

...milk from lamas, too? Allergicbisons Kangaroos That, too Aphid’s milk, too, Doctor!?!beavers That too, doctor

WHO?

“THEY”

BY WHOM?

“THEM”

They were not all dying from it but they were all afflicted by it

“THEY”

The The

organsorgans

� The respiratory region

�ENT region

�Pulmonary region

� The digestive tract: Man’s second brain

� The skin

� The eye

� ….

Organ affected Symptoms

Nosemucus in the nostrils (allergic rhinitis)

Sinus allergic sinusitis

EyesRedness and itching of the conjunctiva (allergic conjunctivitis)

Respiratory system

Sniffling, coughing, bronchial constriction, wheezing and shortness of breath, frequent asthma attacks, in severe cases of respiratory constriction due to laryngeal œdema.

EarsSensation of blocked ears, possibly pain and hearing difficulty due to non-drainage of the Eustachian tube.

Skin rashes, such as eczema and urticaria

Digestive problems abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea

“Them”

The The

allergensallergens

In children, in order of frequencyAll allergens combined�Dust mites (especially Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae) (10% of children!)�Grass pollen (orchard grass, timothy grass, ryegrass)�Cat hair�Cockroaches�Birch pollen (alder, birch, hornbeam, hazel)�Mould (Alternaria, Cladosporium)�Rabbit hair�Food allergies (3%) (particularly high-risk, as the allergen is often invisible)�Lavender (lavender essence)

Them

The The

allergensallergens

In children, in order of frequencyFood allergensThe percentages reflect the proportion of allergic children that are sensitive to this allergen

�Eggs (31 %)�Peanuts (18 %)�Fish (12 %)�Milk (12 %)�Soy, lentils, peas (3 %)�Beef (2 %)�Shellfish (2 %)�Mustard (2 %)�Hazelnuts (1.5 %)�Coconut (1.5 %)It may be concluded that allergic individuals are very often sensitive to numerous different allergens

Them

The The

allergensallergens

In adults, in order of frequencyFood allergens�Drupes (11%)�Umbelliferae (11%)�Eggs (8%)�Shellfish (8%)�Fish (7%)�Milk (5%)�Wheat (4%)�Legumes (3%)�Bananas (3%)�Avocado (3%)�Kiwi (2%)�Mussels (2%)�Potatoes (2%)�Sunflower (2%)�Beef (2%)�Peanuts (2%)

Evidence

� An allergic area

� An inflammatory area

► premature aging of tissue

► premature aging of the individual

Discussion: could autoimmunity be just one step away from allergic reaction?

Normal function Pathological function

Harmlessforeign substances example: food

Noreaction

Imm

une

syst

em

Imm

une

syst

em

Noreaction

Harmful foreign substances example: microbes

Constituents of the human body

Reaction

Reaction

Inadequate response

Harmlessforeign substances example: food

Harmful foreign substances example: microbes

Constituents of the human body

HypersensitivityAllergies

Immunode�ciency

Autoimmunity

Serine Proteases / Quail egg homogenate

� Serine proteases

� definition

� endogenous

� exogenous

�protease / antiprotease balance

� Quail egg homogenate

� serine protease inhibition

� ovomucoids

Serine proteases

There is a large body of recently published literature on serine

proteases

(trypsin and its trypsin-like protease counterparts)

Definition of serine proteases

proteolytic and pro-inflammatory enzymes involved in various physiological and pathological circumstances.

These enzymes occur ubiquitously in the body.

In a physiological state, the proteases and their natural inhibitors are in balance.

The disruption of this balance can derive from a congenital deficiency of this inhibitor or from chemical alteration.

proteases

There are two broad categories of proteases:

- endogenous

- exogenous.

Endogenous proteases

Endogenous proteases are extra- or intracellular:

- Extracellular proteases are represented by pancreatic trypsin;

- Intracellular proteases are mostly located in immunocompetent cells, particularly in connective-tissue mast cells and blood neutrophils.

Exogenous proteases

Exogenous protease intake varies widely

it includes

� food proteases

�drug proteases

�microbial proteases

�viral proteases

� fungal proteases

�dust mite proteases

�proteases from biting insects.

Protease-antiprotease balance

The physiological balance of proteases is maintained by the serine protease-antiprotease balance.

This balance can be disrupted in various situations:

- Chemical action (inhibitor oxidation)

- Smoking

- Genetic abnormalities (cystic fibrosis, hereditary pulmonary emphysema, etc.)

- Allergic diseases

- Skin diseases

The ovomucoid in quail egg whites

JACQUEMIN - 2014

Serine protease inhibition

�“Ovomucoid from the egg white of the Japanese B Mina quail = a powerful serine protease inhibitor

�the only ovomucoid in any bird egg with the ability to inhibit human trypsin.”

Uniqueness

A fraction of B Mina strain quail egg white has the ability to inhibit a human enzyme and its counterparts.

The ovomucoid of Japanese quail egg white performs 2 essential functions:

- non-specific or general anti-inflammatory activity in humans and animals

- specific anti-inflammatory & anti-allergic activity (30% of the population)

ESOC's action mechanism(ESOC = Standardised Quail's Egg Extract)

1. First contact 2. Reaction 3. Preparation

ESOC's action mechanism

4. Sensitisation 5. Allergy 6. Inhibiting action

General antiGeneral anti--

inflammatory inflammatory

activityactivity

� Trypsin⇒action on eosinophils

⇒ degranulation of pro-inflammatory metabolites

� Ovomucoids→by inhibiting the action of trypsin

on eosinophils, which are found everywhere (intestines; bronchial, nasal and conjunctival mucous membranes; skin; etc.)

→ block the secretion of inflammation metabolites and the creation of a vicious circle produced by feedback from the mobilisation of other eosinophils

AntiAnti--

inflammatory inflammatory

activity activity

AntiAnti--

allergic activityallergic activity

The allergen-IgE-Mast cell conflict

The allergen-IgE-Mast cell conflict

(or basophil)

• releases pre-formed granules

• and brings about the creation of newly-formed substances.

Prior to the discovery of IgE, the only allergy marker was eosinophil, which could be detected in

� nasal mucus,

� Conjunctival discharge,

� sputum,…

AntiAnti--

inflammatory inflammatory

activityactivity

AntiAnti--

allergic allergic

activityactivity

Ishizaka a demonstrated

that by blocking mast cell membrane receptors

⇒inhibition release of histamine

- and proteases which are released simultaneously.

><

Failing this

� proteases play an inflammatory role

� and the newly-formed substances will release a pull-factor for eosinophils

AntiAnti--

inflammatory inflammatory

activity activity

antianti--

allergic allergic

activityactivity

eosinophil activity

!!!!!!

�Eosinophils are the centre of activity in

�general inflammation

�and inflammatory allergic reaction,

together with neutrophils (lung and skin elastase,…)

AntiAnti--

inflammatory inflammatory

activity activity

antianti--

allergic allergic

activityactivity

eosinophil activity

!!!!!!

Eosinophils

�Release cytotoxic factors

�play a major role in allergic inflammation

�are the most typical cells, whether of the skin, nostrils or bronchi

AntiAnti--

inflammatory inflammatory

activity activity

antianti--

allergic allergic

activityactivity

eosinophil activity

!!!!!!

�its cytotoxicity causes cell damage, especially to mucous membranes

AntiAnti--

inflammatory inflammatory

activity activity

antianti--

allergic allergic

activityactivity

eosinophil activity

!!!

Actually, this persistent cytotoxic activity, along with the involvement of proteases as a co-inductive factor of inflammation, apart from an acute clinical phase, accounts for the irreversible nature of allergic inflammation.

This inter-critical phase is characterised by non-manifestation of symptoms(irrespective of the allergy in question), during which time initial acute cell inflammation becomes sub-acute, chronic progressive inflammation.

AntiAnti--

inflammatory inflammatory

activity activity

antianti--

allergic allergic

activityactivity

allergens

� The allergens are not likely to be inert proteins,

� but they are most likely to be serine proteases.

AntiAnti--

inflammatory inflammatory

activity activity

antianti--

allergic allergic

activityactivity

Anti-

Protease activity

In a normal state, each person possesses his own antiproteases,

and this contributes to immune and homeostatic balance.

><

These inhibitors may be

� missing (an α 1 antitrypsin deficiency, for instance),

� impaired (smokers (development of bronchitis, followed by emphysema due to neutrophil elastase))

AntiAnti--

inflammatory inflammatory

activity activity

antianti--

allergic allergic

activityactivity

Allergens

Protease activity

� inhaled allergens (serine proteases) are not neutralised by the body

� these allergens (pollen, dust mites, mould, etc…) amplify their inflammatory activity

� and by their protease activity trap the patient in a vicious circle

� which ovomucoid makes it possible to break.

AntiAnti--

inflammatory inflammatory

activity activity

antianti--

allergic allergic

activityactivity

Treatment by quail egg homogenate

� It is in light of the ineffectiveness of endogenous inhibitors against allergic attacks,

� that there is need for

�prevention prior to contact with an allergen/allergens

�Follow-through (maintenance) via long-term supplementation.

SUMMARY

Diagram showing the activity of this homogenate

Trypsin Eosinophils

IgE-mast cells Attraction of inflammation

Mast cells- eosinophils metabolites

allergens

Histamine

proteases

With ovomucoid from the egg white of the Japanese With ovomucoid from the egg white of the Japanese

B Mina quailB Mina quail

Trypsin Eosinophils

IgE-mast cells Attraction of inflammation

Mast cells- eosinophils metabolites

allergens

Histamine

proteases