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Pune, India, 13 – 15 December 2010
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010Beyond the Internet? - Innovations for
future networks and services
Alex GalisUniversity College London
a.galis@ee.ucl.ac.uk; www.ee.ucl.ac.uk/~agalis
Future Networks: Challenges and standardization results
ITU-T Focus Group on Future Networks
(Keynote Presentation)
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 2
ContentInternet Today / Current Networks
Context Challenges & Why to changeDrivers for ChangeResearch Initiatives
ITU-T FG FN Focus Group Future Networks Future Networks
Objectives, Design Objectives, Technologies
Concluding Remarks
ARPAnet Plan – late 1960sRough sketch by Larry Roberts
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 3
Internet 1973
UCL connected in July 1973 to ARPAnetPune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 4
Inter-networks Demonstration 1977
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 5
Internet 2010
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 6
Current Internet The Internet plays a central and vital role in our
society
Work and business, education, entertainment, social life, …
Victim of its own success, suffering from ossification
Innovation meets natural resistance (e.g. no IPv6, no mobile IP, no inter-domain DiffServ, no inter-domain multicast, etc.)
Services such as P2P, IPTV, emerging services, pose new requirements on the underlying network architecture
Big growth in terms of the number of inter-connected devices but slow growth in innovation and new services
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 7
Key Changes in Internet - History Changes were possible when the Internet was still an
academic research network (i.e. until 1993 when the WWW turned it to a commercial)
Inter-network that underpins the “information society”
Key changes in that period were the following: 1982 DNS, 1983 TCP/IP instead of NCP, 1987 TCP congestion control, 1991 BGP policy routing, 1991 SNMP
No significant changes since then apart from MPLS which has been deployed in addition to plain IP
Research efforts towards the Future Internet: evolutionary & cleaner-slate & clean-slate approaches, changes, migration
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 8
Next Generation Networks Next (NGN)ITU-T : 2004 - Present
“A Next generation network (NGN) is a packet-based network which can provide services including Telecommunication Services and able to make use of multiple broadband, Quality of Service-enabled transport technologies and in which service-related functions are independent from underlying transport-related technologies. It offers unrestricted access by users to different service providers. It supports generalized mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users.”
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 9
Overall NGN Architecture
Transport stratum
Service stratum
MediaHandlingFunctions
AccessFunctions
Othernetworks
Othernetworks
CustomerFunctions
TransportUser Profile Functions
Application Functions
GatewayFunctions
Transport Control Functions
Control Media
NNIUNI
EdgeFunctions
Network Attachment
Control Functions
Core Transportfunctions
Core TransportFunctions
AccessTransportfunctions
AccessTransportFunctions
Service and ControlFunctions
ServiceUser Profile Functions
Man
agem
ent F
unct
ions
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 10
Current Internet Model
Hourglass Paradigm: Every System on IP an IP on Every SystemKISS Principle : “Keep it Simple, Stupid” ( i.e. today optimisation is tomorrow’s bottleneck) D. IsenbergSimple network layer Services are realised at the end-hosts
-Robust & scalable communications-Adaptable to unpredictable new applications (i.e. source of innovation)
Current Networks - Status
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 11
Current Internet
Disappearance of the ‘End-host only’ concept ( i.e. edge networks; new nodes : sensors, mobile devices )
Lack of in-system management (i.e. information, decision, implementation – closed control loops for realising management requirements)
Trustworthy User / Network / Service (i.e. end-host protocols can and are altered many security issues)
Best effort service delivery No explicit media & content handling Size & Costs:
• N X 109 connectivity points - status: reaching maturity and maybe some limits• N X105 services /applications - status: fast growing• N X103 Exabyte's content - status: fast growing• Cost structure: 80% (90%) of lifecycle costs are operational and management costs - status: reaching crisis level
Ossification: reaching crisis level • A lot of missing and interrelated features; missing enablers for integration and orchestration of Nets, Services, Content, Storage• Substantial barriers to innovation with novel services, networking systems, architecture and technologies
Internet & NGN “No longer fit for new purposes” Some of the reasons:
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 12
How to changeApproach: Parallel and Interconnected Internets;
Progressive changes; “Cleaner” slate and evolutionary
Network of networks system of coordinated service networks
Virtualization of resources (Networks, Services, Content, Storage)
Programmability Increased self-managebility as the means of
controlling the complexity and the lifecycle costs
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 13
Research Initiatives
1. Korea - Future Internet Forum - http://fif.kr/
2. Asia Future Internet - http://www.asiafi.net/
3. Japan - AKARI Future Internet - http://akariproject.nict.go.jp/eng/conceptdesign.htm
4. USA - Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI) - http://www.geni.net
5. European Union - Future Internet Assembly (FIA) www.future-internet.eu
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 14
Current Internet
Period: July 2009 – Dec 2010
Objective: document results that would enable development of Recommendations for future networks
Results: FNs Vision Document + 3 Supporting Technologies - published in early January 2011
www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/fn/Pages/Default.aspx
ITU-T FG FN -Focus Group Future Networks
Chairman: Takashi Egawa (NEC, Japan) - 2010
Morita Naotaka (NTT, Japan) - 2009
Vice-Chairman: Hyoung Jun Kim (ETRI, Korea)
Vice-Chairman: Alex Galis (University College London, UK)Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 15
Future networks• ITU-T started pre-standardization activities • with identification of FNs requirements (FG FN) :
new social requirements (e.g., environment) new application areas (e.g., IoT, cloud, smart grid) new implementation technologies are found!
Introduction of new network architectures; we call this Future Networks
• ITU is not R&D body. Direction is find by analysing existing activities (Asia, EU, USA)
• Produced document Future Networks: Objectives and Design Goals (Jan 2011) is first “guidance”.
• FN - Appropriate timeframe for prototyping and phased deployment is 2015 - 2020
• Next phase is also task of researcher to find the best answers on requirements.
• http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/fn/Pages/Default.aspx
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 16
Future Networks (FNs): A future network is a network which is able to provide revolutionary
services, capabilities, and facilities that are hard to provide using existing network technologies. A future network is either:
new component network or an enhancement to an existing one; federation of new component networks or federation of new and
existing component networks.
ITU-T FG FN - Vision document fundamental issues that are neglected in designing today’s networks as ‘objectives’,capabilities that should be supported by future networks as ‘design goals’,
• ideas and research topics of future networks that are important and may be relevant to future ITU-T standardization as ‘promising technologies’.
Definition - Future networks
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 17
FN - Four ObjectivesEnvironment awareness
FNs should be environmental friendly.
Service awarenessFNs should provide services that are customized with the appropriate functions to meet the needs of applications and users.
Data awarenessFNs should have architecture that is optimized to handling enormous amount of data in a distributed environment.
Social-economic awarenessFNs should have social-economic incentives to reduce barriers to entry for the various participants of telecommunication sector.
FUTURE NETORKS
Enviro
nm
ent
aw
are
ness
Serv
ice a
ware
ness
DA
TA
aw
are
ness
Socia
l-eco
nom
ic aw
are
ness
FUTURE NETORKS
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 18
FNs - 12FNs - 12 Design Goals① (Service Diversity) FNs should accommodate a wide variety
of traffic and support diversified services
② (Functional Flexibility) FNs should have flexibility to support and sustain new services derived from future user demands
③ (Virtualization of resources) FNs should support virtualization so that a single resource can be used concurrently by multiple virtual resources.
④ (Data Access) FNs should support isolation and abstraction FNs should have mechanisms for retrieving data in a timely manner regardless of its location.
⑤ (Energy Consumption) FNs should have device, system, and network level technologies to improve power efficiency and to satisfy customer’s requests with minimum traffic
⑥ (Service Universalization)FNs should facilitate and accelerate provision of convergent facilities in differing areas such as towns or the countryside, developed or developing countries
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 19
FNs - 12FNs - 12 Design Goals (Cont.)⑦ (Economic Incentives) FNs should be designed to provide
sustainable competition environment to various participants in ecosystem of ICT by providing proper economic incentives
⑧ (Network Management) FNs should be able to operate, maintain and provision efficiently the increasing number of services and entities.
⑨ (Mobility) FNs should be designed and implemented to provide mobility that facilitates high levels of reliability, availability and quality of service in an environment where a huge number of nodes can dynamically move across the heterogeneous networks.
⑩ (Optimization) FNs should provide sufficient performance by optimizing capacity of network equipments based on service requirement and user demand.
⑪ (Identification) FNs should provide a new identification structure that can effectively support mobility and data access in a scalable manner.
⑫ (Reliability and Security)FNs should support extremely high-reliability services
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 20
1. Service Diversity2. Functional Flexibility3. Virtuallization of resourc.4. Data Access5. Energy Consumption6. Service Universalization7. Economic Incentives8. Network Management9. Mobility10. Optimization11. Identification12. Reliability & Security
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Environmentawareness
Serviceawareness
Dataawareness
Social-economic awareness
FN : Objectives vs. Design Goals
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 21
Technologies - achieving the design goalsVirtualization of Resources (Network Virtualization)
Enables creation of logically isolated network partitions over shared physical network infrastructures so that multiple heterogeneous virtual networks can simultaneously coexist over the shared infrastructures; it allows the aggregation of multiple resources and makes the aggregated resources appear as a single resource
Data/Content-oriented Networking (Data Access)Energy-saving of Networks (Energy Consumption)
Forward traffic with less powerControl device/system operation for traffic dynamicsSatisfy customer requests with minimum traffic
In-system Network Management (Network Management)Distributed Mobile Networking (Mobility)Network Optimization (Optimization)
Device / System / Network level optimization (Path optimization, Network topology optimization, Accommodation point optimization)
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 22
Future Internet – some key differences
NGN - “A Next generation network (NGN) is a packet-based network which can provide services including Telecommunication Services and able to make use of multiple broadband, Quality of Service-enabled transport technologies and in which service-related functions are independent from underlying transport-related technologies. It offers unrestricted access by users to different service providers. It supports generalized mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users.” – source ITU-T 2004 http://www.itu.int/newsarchive/press_releases/2004/05.html
FN Vs. NGN
The fundamental difference between FN and NGN is the switch from ‘packet-based’ systems such as those using Internet Protocol (IP) with a separate transport and service strata to a service and management-aware packet-based network, which is based on shared virtualized processing, storage and communication resources.
Future Networks (FN) Vs. Next Generation Networks(NGN) - Key differences
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 23
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Future Networks Key Features
Virtualization functions
Service–aware & Management-aware
functions
Service–aware & Management-aware
functions
API
API
Networking, processing and storage resources (Infrastructure Resources)
Requests
API
Functional Features
Applications/Services
Fu
ture
Netw
ork
s S
cop
e
Control
Enablers
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 24
Future Internet – some key differencesFuture Networks (FN) are represented by the interconnection and interoperations of
several heterogeneous and dynamic networks of shared virtualised resources. FN offer unrestrictive access by users to different service providers. FN offer to service
providers qualified access to a set of network embedded resource-facing services, providing scalable, self-managed inexpensive networking infrastructures on demand.
FN can provide services of any complexity including ICT, Telecommunication and Universal Services. FN should support the complete lifecycle of services that can be primarily constructed by recombining existing elements in new and creative ways.
Distinguishing objectives for FN are: environment - awareness, service – awareness, data - awareness and social-economic – awareness. Realisation of FN would be enabled by the following design goals: power consumption control, service diversity, service universalization, functional flexibility, data access efficiency, economic incentives, efficient management, mobility, resource identification, high reliability and security
Realisation of FN are characterized by the following design goals: Shared technical resources such as processing, storage and communication resources
of Future Networks are to be combined as virtual networks, across multiple domains and used in a simple and pervasive way by any services. FN encompass all levels of provisioning, operation, interoperability and interfaces for enhanced manageability, for diverse services and for optimal access and utilisation of shared resources.
FN provide embedded enablers for a number of key functions, including virtualisation enablers, in-system self-management enablers, energy saving enablers, mobility enablers, network optimisation enablers, data & content-enablers, economic incentive enablers.
Future Networks (FN) – Proposed Definition
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 25
Current Networks = Network of Interconnected uncoordinated networks – “infrastructure where intelligence is located at the edges”
Future Networks = Unlike the original Internet infrastructure or NGN infrastructure set of standards, which merely focus on technical connectivity, routing, and naming, the scope of the Future Networks recommendations, standards, and guidelines should encompass all levels of interfaces for Manageability, Services as well as technical (networking, computation, storage) resources (“Infrastructure where the intelligence is embedded - Smart Infrastructure”).
Substitute KISS principle with KII principle :
KISS Principle : “Keep it Simple, Stupid - Today optimisation is tomorrow’s bottleneck” (Source D. Isenberg)
KII Principle : “Keep it Intelligent -Today fundamental is tomorrow’s secondary” (Source A. Galis)
Future Networks (FN) - Concluding Remarks
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 26
Conclusion
To design FN, wider collaboration than traditional Telecom framework is necessary. Today’s promising areas are all
interdisciplinary areas, which include Telecom and other industries
Clouds: computing clouds, in-network clouds, storage clouds, smart grid: power, IoT: health, vehicle, etc.
Telecom has become an infrastructure of every industry, so we need to learn their needs to design future networks
We can’t design smart grid ready network without understanding power industry’s requirements
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 27
Thank you for your attention
Q&A
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Key Features of NGN Release 1
Resource and Admission Control Functions
RACF
Network AccessAttachment Functions
NAAF
Other M ultimedia Components …
Streaming Services
Application Functions
Core transport Functions
Access Transport Functions
NGN Terminals
CustomerNetworks
UserProfile
Functions
Oth
er N
etw
ork
sLegacyTerminals
GW
PSTN / ISDN Emulation
IP M ultimedia Component
NNITransport Stratum
Service Stratum
UNI
Edge Functions
Access Functions
Service and
Control Functions
Customer and Terminal Functions
QoSAspects and one part of Control aspect(IP QoSsignaling Requirement) A part of
Release 1 coverage
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Networking Trends & Possible Solutions
Increase Efficiency Self-Organizing Networks Cognitive Radio Load (Femto Cells, WiFi) Green Networking & Energy Efficiency
Share Resources Infrastructure Sharing Spectrum Sharing
Shift towards Service-awareness Embedding Service Enablers
More and More Complexity to Manage Embedding Autonomicity
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Key Features of Future Networks
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Future Networks Key Features
Virtualization functions
Service–aware & Management-aware functions
Service–aware & Management-aware functions
API
API
Networking, processing and storage resources (Infrastructure Resources)
Requests
API
Functional Features
Applications/Services
Fu
ture
Net
wo
rks
Sco
pe
Control
Enablers
3333
Future networks
FutureNetworks
FutureServices/
Applications
Internet
NGNs
Clean & Cleaner –slate
Approaches
2015 - 2020
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