protecting ground water via pesticide registration in new york
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Protecting Ground Water via Pesticide Registration in New York
Presentation to the Cornell Pesticide UsersMarch 29, 2013
Soil & Water GroupDepartment of Biological and Environmental
Engineering
Outline Overview: Pesticides in groundwater Upstate monitoring by county Vulnerable formations: karst New initiatives Outreach
Long Island pesticide data: tracing past contamination
Sampling intensity
hi
low
Pesticide detection patterns in Suffolk County groundwater
From data Suffolk County submitted to New York State, 2000-2010
Preliminary: Percentage of pesticide analysesreported as above detection limit
Current Pesticide Use in NY
Derived from New York Pesticide Sales and Use Reporting system published data.
Mobility & persistence are combined in the Groundwater Ubiquity Score (GUS) factor
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5
Low HighVery Low Medium Very High
* Imazethapyr * Carbofuran * Atrazine * Alachlor * Chlorothalonil* Glyphosate
Pesticide use weighted by GUS
Upstate monitoring strategyNot looking for:•Average groundwater concentrations•Spills or violations
But rather sampling well water in areas deemed vulnerable due to:• high pesticide use• groundwater (soil/aquifer) characteristics that favor transport
Working premise
If well water in vulnerable areas is of good quality, then we can have high confidence that well water in less vulnerable areas is also of good quality
Cortland County cornfield that dominates hill above shallow wells
Outline Overview: Pesticides in groundwater Upstate monitoring by county Karst formations New initiatives Outreach
County-based sampling
Schenectady
Orange
Cayuga
Cortland
Genesee Wayne
Partnering with local S&WCD’s, WQCC and DOH
Testing for ... DEC lab (to 2009): 93 active ingredients DEC lab since 2010: shorter priority list of 51 AIs and degradates (metabolites)
Cornell Soil & Water Laboratory: -- Selected active ingredients using higher
resolution ELISA immunoassay methods-- Nitrates, anions (IC)
Findings in six counties ...
DEC broad-based scans:One detection of one active ingredient in 240 samples (reporting limits 1 μg/L (1 ppb) or less). Degradation products detected in 5 of 41 wells tested in Wayne County
No exceedance of any of 15 NYS ground water standards or guidance levels
Wayne County wells with detections or high NO3-N Land use: CC - corn/grain cash crop rotation O - orchards (apple) M -muckland vegetables W - wooded
Depth (ft)
Land Use NO3-N Metolachlor (µg/L) AlachlorESA
(µg/L)Atrazine (µg/L)(mg/L) OA ESA1 2
4-6 O CC 14 ND < 0.1 ND < 0.1 ND < 0.1 ND
40-45 CC W 24 4.4 4.6 ND < 0.1 trace<0.1
40 CC O <0.5 ND < 0.1 0.2 ND < 0.1 ND
42 CC O 1 0.2 0.6 0.1 ND
12 M CC 1 0.2 0.2 ND < 0.1 ND
22 CC O <0.5 0.1 1.9 ND < 0.1 trace <0.1
Cornell ELISA assay results for select AI’s
Nitrates typical for rural NY
* * SO4 interference
Interpretation to date Upstate rural wells – even vulnerable shallow wells surrounded by fields and having elevated nitrate – are in good shape relative to current groundwater pesticide standards.
There are frequent low traces of atrazine and some metolachlor in agricultural areas, as found nationally.
Ongoing county-level workRevisiting selected wells in view of:
Improved DEC lab reporting limits (0.1 ppb starting with Wayne Co.)Addition of key pesticide degradation products (metabolites) which can have greater mobility and/or toxicity than original AITime-of-sampling studies – repeated at several month intervals (Orange County)
Questions so far? Overview: Pesticides in groundwater Upstate monitoring by county Karst formations New initiatives Outreach
Karst (carbonate) ground water Objective: determine if karst requires
special registration consideration Genesee county hydrogeologic setting Interim results
Lots of carbonate in Upstate NY
Dark hatching is carbonate; Source: USGS
Karst: Solution conduits in limestone
Carbonate western NY
Genesee karstFlow in limestone; losing reaches
Genesee karst: sampling sites
Genesee karst: sampling depths
Onondaga
Shale
Unconf
Genesee karst: 16 months overall: atrazine
5/22 detects to 0.05 ppb
7/19 detects
0/9 detects
Metolachlor similar: 6/13, 5/11, 0/6 respectively
Genesee karst: atrazine seasonality (% of samples)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%Ju
ne10
-Top
(n=6
)
June
10-M
id (6
)
June
10-D
eep
(3)
July
10-T
op (6
)
July
10-M
id (6
)
July
10-D
eep
(3)
Sept
10-T
op (5
)
Sept
10-M
id (7
)
Sept
10-D
eep
(2)
Dec
10-T
op (4
)
Dec
10-M
id (2
)
Dec
10-D
eep
(1)
Sep1
1-To
p (5
)
Sep1
1-M
id (7
)
Sep1
1-D
eep
(2)
% o
f sam
ples
by
inte
rval
Time and vertical layer
Detect
Trace
ND
Jun10 Jul10 Sep10 Dec10 Sep11
Detect >=0.1Trace >=0.05ND <0.05 ppb
Geneva AES limestone?
Questions?
Overview: Pesticides in groundwater Upstate monitoring by county Karst formations New initiatives Outreach
Looking ahead: New initiatives
I - Lakeshore water supplies II - Greenhouse leaching III - DEC modeling support
Objective Assess the standard pesticide environmental fate model toolkit used in the NY registration process.
Toolkit =leaching models +conservative environmental scenarios
Leaching Model Support
Modeling tasks
• Specify evaluation criteria with DEC• DEC staff workshop – walk through current
goals, assumptions, & input scenarios• Stakeholder roundtable – solicit input on
model and design scenarios
• Model and scenario evaluation - retrospective cases, new scenarios
• DEC workshop to walk through and evaluate findings, make draft recommendations
• Report with new model + scenario packages if merited
More modeling tasks
Leaching models
1980’s traditionalLEACHP, PRZM
Leaching models improved
1980’s traditionalLEACHP, PRZM
2000’s with preferentialFlow paths, tile drains,fragipans, i.e. shortcircuits and lateral lossesto streams
Scenarios: conservative case(s) of usage, soil, climate, and depth to ground water. Do we need new upstate scenarios?
LongIsland(Riverhead)Upstate carbonate
(Batavia)
Upstatetile drains(Willsboro)
Willsboro Farm: Atrazine measured in tile drains
ConcentrationVersus time
Aldicarb at CU Riverhead – simulated with DEC scenario
Recharge
Leachateconcentration
Atrazine leaching: thin soil at Batavia
Atrazine leaching: Long Island
Questions?
Overview: Pesticides in groundwater Upstate monitoring by county Karst formations New initiatives Outreach
Publications• Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation research articles• NY Veg Growers News
Events• 2011 Empire Farm Days booth• Cornell in-service training• NY State Soil & Water Conservation Committee• September 2012 Northeast Pesticides C&T Meeting
Webpagesoilandwater.bee.cornell.edu/Research/pesticides/
http://soilandwater.bee.cornell.edu/Research/pesticides/
Thanks toFunding NYS DECNYS WRI directors Keith Porter & Susan Riha, who delegated to BEECounty Partners Cortland, Schenectady, Orange, Cayuga, Genesee, and Wayne County Soil & Water Conservation Districts. Genesee County Health Dept. Many private well owners.Karst partner: Paul Richards, College at Brockport, Dept of Earth SciencesCornell Pesticide Management Education Program for help using the PSUR databaseNYS Soil & Water Conservation Committee for early endorsementCornell students Ian Toevs, Tony Salvucci, Ben Liu, Sophia Garcia, Mike Sinkevich, Ivy Tsoi, Zia Ahmed, Sheila Saia, Austin Merboth, Cedric Mason
Thank You!
Contacts
Brian Richards (bkr2@cornell.edu) Steve Pacenka (sp17@cornell.edu) Tammo Steenhuis (tss1@cornell.edu)
http://soilandwater.bee.cornell.edu/Research/pesticides/
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