properties of matter physical properties: can be observed without changing a substance into another...

Properties of Matter

• Physical Properties:• Can be observed without changing a

substance into another substance.• Boiling point, density, mass, volume, etc.

• Chemical Properties:• Can only be observed when a substance is

changed into another substance.• Flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity with

acid, etc.

Section 1.3

Intensive vs. Extensive

• Intensive Properties:• Independent of the amount of the

substance that is present.• Density, boiling point, color, etc.

• Extensive Properties:• Dependent upon the amount of the

substance present.• Mass, volume, energy, etc.

Section 1.3

Changes of Matter

• Physical Changes:• Changes in matter that do not change the

composition of a substance.• Changes of state, crush, tear, break, dissolve

• Chemical Changes:• Changes that result in new substances.

• Combustion, oxidation, decomposition, etc.

Section 1.3

Chemical Reactions

In the course of a chemical reaction, the reacting substances are converted to new substances.

Section 1.3

Chemical Reactions

Compounds can be broken down into elemental particles.

Section 1.3

Separation of Mixtures• Since mixtures are physically mixed

together, many may be separated into their components through physical changes including the following:– Distillation– Filtration– Chromatography– Extraction– Evaporation– Sublimation

Section 1.3

Distillation

Separates homogeneous mixture on the basis of differences in boiling point.

Section 1.3

Filtration

Separates solid substances from liquids and solutions.

Section 1.3

Chromatography

Separates substances on the basis of differences in solubility in a solvent.

Section 1.3

Extraction

• The mixture is brought into contact with a solvent in which the desired substance is soluble but the other substances present are insoluble.– Salt can be extracted from a sand salt

mixture with use of water.

Section 1.3

Evaporation

• A type of vaporization of a liquid that occurs from the surface of a liquid into a gaseous phase.

Section 1.3

Sublimation• The transition of a

substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.

Section 1.3

Label the following as a physical or chemical change

Section 1.3

Describe how to separate

• A mixture of ammonium chloride, sodium chloride and sand.

• A mixture of iron and sulfur.

Section 1.3