private and public roles in conservation...private and public roles in conservation pieter w. knapab...

Private and public rolesin conservation

Pieter W. Knapab

Anne-Marie Neetesona

aEFFAB European Forum of Farm Animal Breeders&

bSygen International plc

Private and public rolesin conservation

Conservation ofanimal genetic resourcesby breeding organisations

• possibilities• requirements• case study

Conservation of AnGR bybreeding organisationsPossibilities

introgressionsemen,DNA

live animalsembryos

genes (alleles)

population

in situex situ

Possibilitiesex situ conservation• Frozen embryos, semen, DNA

• requires organisation• facilities• administration• collection

• requires funding• easiest to carry out• routine activity in breeding

Conservation of AnGR bybreeding organisationsPossibilities

introgressionsemen,DNA

live animalsembryos

genes (alleles)

population

in situex situ

Possibilitiesin situ conservation• Live animals / whole population

• requires population maintenance• population size• mating system

• requires a breeding goal and a selection strategy

Routine activitiesin breeding

• which features to conserve ?

PossibilitiesWhich features to conserve ?• Livestock populations derive from

particular production systems• when the system disappears, the

population loses its function• requires a new function

• a specific product

Jamón iberico in SpainPoulet de Bresse in France

Formaggio di Razza Bruna in Italy

Which features to conserve ?• Livestock populations derive from

particular production systems• when the system disappears, the

population loses its function• requires a new function

• a specific product

Possibilities

• a specific trait• cultural heritage

Preferably traits that are difficult to breed for:fertility, robustness,

product quality

Landscape maintenanceVisual appearance

...

More likely through introgression

Possibilitiesin situ conservation• Introgression

• cross the population into an existing industry line

• maintain the resulting synthetic in the industrial program

• desirable alleles survive• undesirable alleles diminish • is that a problem ?

Why do we try to conserve ?

What is "desirable" depends on the breeding goal of the receptor line

Conservation of AnGR bybreeding organisations

requirements• commercially interesting

• population excels in some trait• has no major disadvantages

• organisationally feasible• no health barriers• reasonable maintenance cost

Conservation of AnGR bybreeding organisations

Case study: exotic introgression• Not easy!• We are aware of only one

relevant example in thepig & poultry industry

Conservation of AnGR bybreeding organisations

• Introgression of Taihu breeds into western pig genotypes

Case study

Taihu introgression intowestern pig genotypes

Importation in the 1980s• France, UK, USA• Advantage: high fertility• Disadvantage: fat, slow growth• Much scientific development

on reproductive physiology• Commercial development

Webb (1998)

MS × LW

1986 19968

9

10

11

12

13

Litter sizeat weaning

(MS × LW)×

(MS × LR)

LW×LR

Legault (1998)

concept '80s

En effet, à titre indicatif, la très haute productivité numérique des truies F1 Large White × Meishan ... ne suffit pas à compenser les moindres performances du produit terminal quart chinois. Les études théoriques de Bidanel (1989) aboutissent à la conclusion que la forme de valorisation des gènes chinois la plus prometteuse est l'utilisation à l'étage grand-parental de lignées composites sino-européennes au terme de 6 à 8 générations de sélection en faveur des critères de production ...Legault (1998)

parentsow

GPboar

¼ TaihuGP sow

½ TaihuGGP boar

GGPsow

TaihuGGGP boar

GGGPsow

1/8 Taihu

Jiaxing x Meishan Laconie

lignée compositesino-européenne à

l'étage grand-parental

Legault (1998)1986 1996

8

9

10

11

12

13

Litter sizeat weaning

(MS × LW)×

(MS × LR)

LW×LR

concept '80s

LW×

[(MS × LW) × LR]

parentsow

GPboar

¼ TaihuGP sow

½ TaihuGGP boar

GGPsow

TaihuGGGP boar

GGGPsow

concept '90s

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

litter size

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

2.4

2.8

3.2

3.6

4.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

2.4

2.8

3.2

3.6

4.0

63carcass lean %

45

47

49

51

53

55

57

59

61

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200543

16 % in 30 yr = 0.53 % per yr

LW×

[(MS × LW) × LR]

parentsow

GPboar

¼ TaihuGP sow

½ TaihuGGP boar

GGPsow

TaihuGGGP boar

GGGPsow

concept '90s 1986 1996

hyperLW×

hyperLR

hyperLW×

[(MS × LW) × hyperLR]

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

litter size

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

2.4

2.8

3.2

3.6

4.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

2.4

2.8

3.2

3.6

4.0

Legault (1998)1986 1996

8

9

10

11

12

13

Litter sizeat weaning

(MS × LW)×

(MS × LR)

LW×LR

concept '80s

63 carcass lean %

45

47

49

5153

55

5759

61

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200543

44.5

45.0

45.5

46.0

46.5

47.0

47.5

48.0

48.5

49.0

49.5

50.0

880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 990 1000

growth rate (g/d)

lean yield (%)

1997-982001-02

44.5

45.0

45.5

46.0

46.5

47.0

47.5

48.0

48.5

49.0

49.5

50.0

Taihu introgression intowestern pig genotypes

• the winner: the genotype, not the industry

Stable market since mid-90's• < 100.000 replacement gilts per year in

Europe + north America• when there is a market, the genotype

can survive• 100.000 is less than 1.5 % of the total

market volume

12

3

45

6

78

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

replacement gilts( mio per year )

total Europe + north America

Taihu-based

Private and public rolesin conservation

Pieter W. Knapab

Anne-Marie Neetesona

aEFFAB European Forum of Farm Animal Breeders&

bSygen International plc