practical linux introduction
Post on 23-Dec-2021
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Practical Linux
Introduction
Department of Human Genetics
Course Outline
• Introduction.
• Connecting to other machines.
• Practical session.
• Core 1: CLI intro and filesystem navigation.
• Practical session.
• Break
• Core 2: files inspection and manipulation.
• Practical session.
• Break
• User Environment.
• Practical session.
>_
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Operating Systems
Hardware
Operating System
Applications
User
An operating system is a software layer be-tween the hardware and the applications.
Applications can be the same on differentoperating systems (Skype, Firefox, Worldof Warcraft, ...).
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Operating Systems
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Operating Systems
There is more than Windows and macOS
Currently, there are two main classes:
• Microsoft Windows.• Unix-like operating systems.
• Linux.• BSD.
• macOS.
• HP-UX.• Solaris.
Note that:
• You can run Windows or Linux on an Apple computer.
• You can run macOS on an HP, Dell, etc. computer.
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Operating Systems
Operating systems family share - personal computers
%
mac
windows
na/mixed
unix
linux
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1002010
2015
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Operating Systems
Operating systems family share - supercomputers
%
mac
bsd
windows
na/mixed
unix
linux
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
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Linux
History
• In 1991 Linus Torvalds started developing the Linux kernel.
• He also put together other essential ingredients required toconstruct an entire operating system around his kernel.
Linux Kernel
Operating System
Other Essential Ingredients
Linux Kernel
Operating System
Other Essential Ingredients
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Linux
History
• Linux distributions were created by combining the Linuxkernel with other system components.
Scientific Linux
• Driving force in the open source software movement.• Provided the basis for fully free computing.• In 1998 IBM and Oracle began sustaining development efforts.
• The Android system is built on top of Linux.
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Linux
Distributions
Linux Kernel
Generic Proprietary Applications
Adobe Flash Player, Acrobat,device drivers, etc.
Generic FreeApplications
bash, Libre Office, X WindowSystem, GNOME, etc.
Distribution-specificApplications
Package Management,configuration utilities, etc.
ManualsFor applications, commands, configuration, etc.
Support ServicesPersonell, forum, wiki, email, etc.
Operating System
Scientific Linux
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Linux
Distributions Popularity
• Large commercial organizations:• Commercially supported Red Hat, SUSE, and Ubuntu.• CentOS is a popular free alternative.
• Educational realm:• Ubuntu and Fedora.
• Scientific research community:• Ubuntu and Scientific Linux.
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Linux
Why do people use it?
• Powerful command line tools.
• A fully multitasking multiuser operating system.
• Designed for networking.
• An open source computer operating system.
• Free.
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Other Courses
• Introduction to the Shark Clusterhttps://git.lumc.nl/shark/SHARK/wikis/home
• Code and Data Management with Githttps://git.lumc.nl/courses/gitcourse
• Scripting for Life Science Researchershttps://git.lumc.nl/courses/scriptingcourse
• Python Programminghttps://git.lumc.nl/courses/programming-course
• GitLab as a Collaborative Working Environmenthttps://git.lumc.nl/courses/gitlab-intro-course
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Course Material
https://git.lumc.nl/courses/practical-linux-course
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