power&5th windsor-2016
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Information Power Shifts and the Fifth Estate
Bill Dutton
Windsor LectureUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign March 14, 2016
Flint Protesters 2016
Focus of This Talk
URBIS Project 1974-79When Les Gasser was a Doctoral Student
Power Shifts
Power Shifts: Reinforcement Politics
Reconfiguring Access to:
Power Shifts & the Internet: New Conventional Wisdom
A New Organizational Form:Enabling Networked Individuals
Focused Case Studies
Oxford Internet Surveys
• 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013• Cross-sectional Surveys versus Panels• Multi-Stage Probability Sample • England, Scotland & Wales • Respondents: 14 years and older• Face-to-face Interviews, High Response Rates• Sponsorship for 2013 from the Nominet Trust,
Ofcom, UK Research Councils, dot.rural• Component of World Internet Project (WIP)
The Fifth Estate Press since the 18th Century - the ‘Fourth Estate’
Internet in the 21st - enabling a Fifth Estate
Internet enabling a critical mass of individuals to source information, and network in ways that support distributed social accountability in business, industry, government, politics & media.
The Fourth Estate
“[Edmund] Burke said there were Three Estates in Parliament; but, in the Reporters’ Gallery yonder, there sat a Fourth Estate more prominent far than they all. It is not a figure of speech, or witty saying; it is a literal fact – very momentous to us in these times.”
Thomas Carlyle (1831), Heroes and Hero-Worship, at www.gutenberg.org.etext/1091
Fifth Estate defined by being networked (beyond the home), producing content (writing blogs, posting text and photos), sourcing (following search), collaborating (following cues), trusting (content, providers), centrality (viewing net as essential for information).
Networked Institutions v Individuals
Networked Institutions, such as in e-Health
Networked Individuals:
going to the Internet for health and medical information
networking patients, e.g., Patients Like Me
networking physicians, e.g., Sermo
Fifth Estate not a Substitute for Institutions
- Martha Payne, 9 yr old girl in Scotland, writes a blog for school project: ‘NeverSeconds’
- Produced content: photos & reviews school lunch in 2012
- Posted on her blog: neverseconds.blogspot.com/
- Censored by her institution (her primary school’s council)
- Over 10 million page views
- Fostered debate over the quality of school lunches nationwide and worldwide
Flint, Michigan, Water Crisis, 2014-2016• Emergency manager• Switched water source to
Flint River• Water not properly treated• Public complaints online &
in protest dismissed for unknown number of months
• Whistle blowers validate high lead readings
• Why such delay and dismissal of concerns by gov’t & the press?
Flint Water Crisis: 4th and 5th Estate?
Lee Anne Walters
Pollution Monitoring Mobile Apps
Networked IndividualsFinancial Times 5 March 2013Shandong Province, ChinaOnline exposure of ground water contaminationSmartphone apps documenting smog and air pollutionChina’s new anti-pollution measures
Tianjin, China, ExplosionVideos of individuals circulated on social media immediately after huge chemical explosions at warehouse in Tianjin, China (13 Aug 2015)
By 17 Aug, 50 Websites shut down by Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) for spreading rumors
Nanjing, China, Gas Explosion (28 Jul 2010)Explosion not covered by local papers, but covered by bloggers, including video of gov’t official interrupting a live report, saying “Who gave you permission …?” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLdaO-XDOdM
Accountability: Distributing, Leaking
In the movie, Daniel Domscheit-Berg’ with an editor of The Guardian: ‘The New Information Revolution’ – with WikiLeaks ‘charting a course’.
Sermo: a Collaborative Network Organisation, with over 200,000 physicians in 2014
Saving Sweet Briar College
Online/Offline Movements
Ratings with their Drawbacks
Reporting on China’s Stock Market
Social media (WeChat and Weibo) rather than state news media have become major sources of information for Chinese given blocking of Western media reports*http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/29/world/asia/consumer-anxiety-in-china-undermines-governments-economic-plans.html?_r=0
The Fifth Estate as Focus and Perspective on Policy
Policy Issues for the Fifth Estate:
Following the Fifth Estate
Research Foundations• Oxford Internet Surveys: 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013 and
World Internet Project (WIP)• The Internet Values Project: OII in collaboration with INSEAD,
Cornell, comScore, WEF, ictQATAR• The Performance of Distributed Problem-Solving Networks (DPSN)
Project (2007-8)• The Oxford e-Social Science Project (OeSS), Economic and Social
Research Council (2005-12)• User-Driven Collaboration, Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
just completed in 2014• The Fifth Estate Project, supported by the Quello Center, OII,
Oxford Internet Surveys (2003-13), and June Klein, Electronic Boardroom™
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