population size per person consumption / impact stewardship

Population size

Per person consumption / impact

Stewardship

During this class period the world population will grow by about ~10,000 people!

What happened in the 1800-1900?

Pasteur discovers “germs” cause disease

SanitationHygiene

Medical technologyVaccinationsAntibioticsImproved nutrition

Lower mortality, especially infants and children

Population EquilibriumBirths Deaths

IF, population not changing:

Births = Deaths

IF, deaths go down, and births don’t change, population will………..

Industrialized countries: US, Canada, Japan, western Europe, Austrialia, Scandinavia, Singapore, Taiwan, few Arab nations

Middle income, moderately developed countries: Latin America, northern & southern Africa, Eastern Europe, parts of Asia

Developing low income countries: west, central and east Africa, parts of Asia

??? China & India

Population growth

Per person resource consumption

[per capita gross national product – 1999-2000]

Population size

Per person consumption / impact

Stewardship

Fig 6-4

Time to add billion people changes

Independence from British colonization In 1960

Long period of civil war, based on ethnic lines followed

Discovery of Oil lead to revenue for government, corruption became rampant

1993 General Sani Abacha became military ruler, died in 1998 of a “heart attack”

1999 Olusegun Obasanjo, a former military leader and - until 1998 - a political prisoner, was elected president.

Several rival groups have had violent conflict, eg Igbo Christians and Hausa Muslims over implementation of Muslim law

Obasanjo elected again in 2003, but independent observers expressed reservations

Nigeria has substantial oil wealth (OPEC), but one of the world's poorest nations, > 70% poverty Economy heavily dependent on oil sector revenues, which account for nearly 80 % of government revenues.

-Hausa and Fulani (29%)-Yoruba (21%)-Ibo (18%)-Ijaw (10%), -over 250 others

9 oil workers currently being held by militant group

Oil facility in Niger Delta, BBC

Picture of Niger Delta on Chevron website

Last Nigerian census in 1991

Newer census postponed due to controversy over ethnicity and religion

Leaders in Muslim north opposed census if questions on religion or ethnicity included.

Leaders in Christian & Animist south opposed census if questions on religion or ethnicity NOT included.

Past, census figures claimed to be manipulated for political advantage.

The population of 2 south areas said to be less than that of the north. Therefore the north was - and still is - assured of absolute control of the federal government & budget

South says that dry north cannot have more people than fertile coastal area

How many people in Nigeria?

6-4

Population momentum

(Italy)2000

2025

Source:U.S. Census Bureau

Iraq

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4079779

“Graying” in Italy- listen to story

Comparing projected populations

Demographic transition

World regions in the process of demographic transition

birth rate

death rate

http://www.prb.org/Content/NavigationMenu/PRB/Educators/Human_Population/Women/The_Status_of_Women1.htm

Women’s education level lowers fertility rate

Wangari MaathaiKenyan environmental activist wins 2004 Nobel Peace Prize

Fights against deforestation(associated with high population)

Wangari Maathai

Born in 1940 in in Kenya, received higher education in US

Founded the Green Belt movement in Kenya in 1977, planted more than 10 million trees

1997 unsuccessfully ran for the presidency of Kenya

1998, gained worldwide attention when Kenyan President Daniel arap Moi backed development of a luxury housing project begun by clearing hundreds of acres of forest

1999 she suffered head injuries when attacked while planting trees in the Karura Public Forest in Nairobi

2002 elected to Parliament, as Mwai Kibabi defeated Moi, who had been president for 24 years 

2004 won Nobel Prize for peace