population 5 mortality

Mortality

The one certainty in our lives

So its simple, its just about

comparing death rates!

Country Death rate

Ecuador

Algeria

France

Japan

Ethiopia

Ukraine

Country Death rate

Ecuador 4.21

Algeria 4.62

France 8.55

Japan 8.98

Ethiopia 14.67

Ukraine 16.07

Country Death rate % pop over 65

Ecuador 4.21 5.1%

Algeria 4.62 4.8%

France 8.55 16.2%

Japan 8.98 21.0%

Ethiopia 14.67 2.7%

Ukraine 16.07 16.3%

Country GDP per capita PPP

Infant Mortality

33100

31100

7800

7600

4500

1000

Country GDP per capita PPP

Infant Mortality

Japan 33100

France 31100

Ukraine 7800

Algeria 7600

Ecuador 4500

Ethiopia 1000

Country GDP per capita PPP

Infant Mortality

Japan 33100 2.8

France 31100 3.4

Ukraine 7800 9.5

Algeria 7600 28.7

Ecuador 4500 22.1

Ethiopia 1000 91.9

Measuring Mortality

• Death Rate

• The problem with using CDR (Crude Death Rates) is it affected by the age structure of the country.

• If all other things are equal CDR goes up as the average age of the population goes up.

Measuring Mortality

• Life Expectancy • It is an AVERAGE. • Pollution levels, conflict, occupation, shelter, food,

medical facilities, income, literacy.• You can split the total population into different groups

(cohorts) to compare some of these differences within a population.

• Rich v poor, urban v rural, male v female, ethnic groups, age groups.

• Life expectancy figures can be affected by high IMR. If you survive infancy you could live much longer than the life expectancy figures suggest.

Measuring Mortality

• Age Sex Specific Death Rate

• The death rate for a particular age group within the population (male/female)

• Most common…

• INFANT MORTALITY (First year of life)

• CHILD MORTALITY (First 5 years)

Measuring Mortality

• Infant Mortality

• Many deaths in this age group are preventable (low birth weight, jaundice, gastroenteritis, pneumonia) and therefore IMR decreases dramatically as medical care is improved.

• For this reason IMR is seen as an accurate indicator of development.

Measuring Mortality

• Infant Mortality

• Other factors which affect IMR which are linked to development.

• Status of women and income

• Educational level of mother

• Age of mother

• Also birth interval

Mortality trends

• MEDCs main decrease in late industrial revolution. Due to improved sanitation, water, housing, reduction in pollution, improved medical care.

• In 1870 life expectancy • Manchester - 29 years• Sheffield – 33 years

Mortality trends

• LEDCs main decreases in second half of twentieth century due to improved medical care particularly immunisation programmes such TB and Polio, successful eradication “Roll back Malaria” programmes in Asia and South America.

Mortality trends

• Malaria continues to kill between 1 and 3 million people a year mainly in Sub Saharan Africa.

• HIV Aids has had a huge impact on populations.

• SARS, Asian Bird Flu, potential pandemics?

HIV Aids

• Botswana , 39% adults infected,, females (vagina, males with multiple partners, female carers) ARVs now used to keep people with HIV alive.

Epidemiological Transition Model

LEDC ____________________________________ MEDC

Infectious diseases ____________ Degenerative diseases

Cholera, TB, Aids, Diarrhoea, Malaria, Typhoid

Cancer, Heart disease

Disease CategoriesEndogenetic (from inside)Congenital diseases from birth and degenerative diseases resulting form old age.

Exogenetic (from outside)

Environmental conditions, social habits and hazards.