plasma, the forth state of matter andy nyholm
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Plasma, The Forth State of Matter
By Andrew Nyholm
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How is Plasma Created and Why?
Plasma is created at a very high temperature
when atoms in gas molecules decompose into
positively charged ions and negatively charged
neutrons.
Although the molecules have decomposed,
the magnetic fields of the ions and neutrons
keep them associated allowing the particles tomove very quickly.
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Where is Plasma Found?
Plasma in the universe is said to hold up to
95%-99% of all matter.
Plasma on Earth is commonly found in
fluorescent lamps and as lightning.
Things such as stars, solar wind, and many
other interstellar objects are made from
plasma.
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What are the Properties of Plasma
Most terrestrial plasma or plasma on Earth, actslike gas and the definition of plasma is sometimesthat of ionized gases.
Plasma is most like a gas in properties, for itsmolecules are not in constant contact. Howevernot all properties are the same, for example: themolecules move in what scientists call collectivemotion.
This means that the molecules move as a whole,not randomly, but can also contain lumps ofparticles
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Where do these Come from?
Plasma gets these properties from its ion
attraction and repulsion due to magnetism
from the ions (with a positive field) and
neutrons (with a negative field) they contain.
An important note about ionized gases is that
only a very small fraction of the gas needs to
be ionized to show properties of plasma.
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Magnetohydrodynamics
Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is a theory thatsays that plasma should be treated as anelectrically conductive liquid.
This theory has been used in success to explainsolar flares, solar wind, and star formation alongwith other astrological events.
Scientists have compared the Earths molten,
swirling, magnetic-field-creating core to an MHDliquid due to its creation of the Earths magnetic
field.
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I have been fascinated by plasmaever since I first heard of it. I have
been thinking about how to use
plasma to help engineer the future
since I was young and have
thought of some unique ideas.
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Lightning Power Conversion Tank
Lightning (a form of plasma) is a seeminglyunusable resource but I have thought about itand have a solution.
The problem with lightning is that the electricityis static, not current, which makes it unusable totap directly.
I have thought of a way to indirectly tap this
power source and use the power not aselectricity but as a chemical reaction in one of themost famous molecules ever, good old H2O.
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How would I do this?
First we must understand some basic propertiesof Oxygen and Hydrogen.
Hydrogen, when burnt in contact to Oxygen,creates heat (energy) and also H2O (water) bybonding together with the oxygen.
Now one way to separate the bonds of H2O is tointroduce electricity, like from lightning.
One problem with this process is that therewould be a large amount of highly flammableHydrogen in a Oxygen rich environment withlightning, which can set it off, all around.
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Plasma as a Weapon
Plasma cannot be contained in any substanceknown to man but it can be held by amagnetic field.
This opens up the option of having weaponsof war that contain plasma in an electric-magnetic field and then release the field as apermanent magnet is shot at the target withthe plasma following the magnetic fieldcreated by the magnet.
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Bibliography
Fitzpatrick, Richard. "Plasma Physics." TheUniversity of Texas at Austin. Web. 31 Oct.2011.
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http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/plasma/380.pdf
http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/plasma/380.pdfhttp://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/plasma/380.pdfhttp://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/plasma/380.pdfhttp://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/plasma/380.pdf
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