plant organs roots stems leaves flowers fruits seeds
Post on 22-Dec-2015
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Plant Organs
RootsStemsLeavesFlowersFruitsSeeds
Flower
Sepals…CalyxPetals…CorollaStamens…Androecium
anther & filamentPistils…Gynecium
stigma, style, ovary (egg)
Flower
Magnoliaceae
Primitive flower - blending of flower parts; spirally arranged
fossils, embryology, modern plants Degeneria
Carpel - primitive pistil
Carpel Formation
Placentation
Parietal
Axial
Free Central
Number of carpels
1. Lines on the outside of the pistil
2. One stigma lobe per carpel
3. Number of locules (if not free central
Flower Symmetry:
Inflorescence Types arrangement of flowers on the flowering stem
Solitary - one flower per peduncle
Terminal:
Axillary:
Inflorescence Types arrangement of flowers on the flowering stem
Many Flowered - More than one flower per inflorescence
spike:
Raceme:
Inflorescence Types arrangement of flowers on the flowering stem
Many Flowered - More than one flower per inflorescence
Panicle:Much branched
Corymb:Outer flowersoldest
Inflorescence Types arrangement of flowers on the flowering stem
Many Flowered - More than one flower per inflorescence
Cyme:Middle flowersoldest
Umbel:All come ofPeduncle apex
Inflorescence Types arrangement of flowers on the flowering stem
Many Flowered - More than one flower per inflorescence
Head:Dense, rounded with many sessile flowers
Inflorescence Types
Determinate:Oldest flowers toward the top
Indeterminate:Oldest flowers toward the bottom
Inflorescence Types
Ovary Position
Ovary Position
Stem - Branch
Bud - embryonic branch
Leaves
Leaves - Margins
Hairs - Glands
Leaf Position:
Underground Roots/Stems
Woody vs Herbaceous
Woody - Shrubs (fruticose)
Trees arboreous - well developed trunk
arborescent - > 20 feet but main trunk short
Vines- climbing with tendrils
Woody Perennials
Apical Dominance
Age of Branch
Age of Tree
Fruit (Pericarp) ripened ovary
Exocarp, Mesocarp, Endocarp
Fruit Types
Fleshy:Hip - cluster on achenes in a hypanthium
Pome - from a compound, inferior ovary with a thick & fleshy receptacle
Fruit Types
Fleshy
Fruit Types
Dry Indehiscent:Achene - 1-seeded, connected to the pericarp at a single point
Samar (Shizocarp)- 1-seeded winged achene
Fruit Types
Dry Indehiscent:Acorn - 1-seeded, with a hard coat & surrounded by a cap of hard bracts
Nut - 1-seeded, hard coat
Fruit TypesDry Indehiscent
Fruit Types
Dry Dehiscent:Capsule - multiple carpeled, opening in
various ways
Follicle - 1-carpelated fruit splitting down 1 side
Fruit Types
Dry Dehiscent:Legume - 1-celled, 1-carpelated, splitting on 2
sides
Sillicle (sillique)- short, 2-locular fruit with each half separating from one another with a thin septum
Fruit TypesDry Dehiscent
Fruit TypesSimple - from one ovaryCompound
Aggregatefrom many pistils
Accessoryfrom many pistils
fleshy receptacle
Multiplefrom many flowers
Life Cycle Durations
Annual - one year of less
Biennial - 2 years
Perennial - more than 2 years
Plant Structure Coalescence
Connate -Same kinds of structures coalesce
Adnate -Different kinds of structures coalesce
Plant Structure Coalescence
Synpetalous -Corolla tube
Synsepalous -Calyx tube
Apetalous ?
Plant Structure Coalescence
Filaments:
Monodelphus - all stamens coalesce
Diadelphus - 2 stamens coalesce
Polydelphus - many stamen coalesce
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