planning to have children
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Planning to Have Children
Chapter 10
Lecture/Discussion Outline
• Social pressure?• Children and Family Life: How many?• Teen Pregnancy• Infertility• Adoption options• Abortion debate
• Is there social pressure to have children in America?
• Are individuals who opt not to have children considered selfish/Immature?
• Is having children important to most people?
Becoming a Parent
• 72% of American adults have children– Half of all U.S pregnancies are unintended– A big milestone in life
• In a national study of first-year college students, 77% said that having children is an “essential” or “very important” objective in their lives.– In a similar study: 91% agreed to “Someday I want
to have children”
Social Influences to Have Children
• Pronatalism– Family– Friends– Religion– Race– Government– Economy
Total Fertility Rate by Race/ethnicity, 2005
Differential birthrates reflect the fact that cultures have different beliefs and values about having children.
Lifestyle Changes
• Daily Living
• Financial Costs
– Gender differences?
• How many Children is Ideal?
• Do people who decide not to have children lead an empty life?
Number of Children and Family Dynamics
• Childfree marriages– Procreative liberty– Antinatalism
• In what ways is our country antinatalist?
• One Child?• Two?• Three?• More than 3?– What is competitive birthing?
• How does media portray teen pregnancy?
• Reasons for teenage pregnancy?
• What types of problems do teen mothers and fathers face?
Teenage Motherhood
• Social Stigma• Poverty• Poor Health• Academic Achievement
Fertility
• What macro level factors affect fertility rates?
– The sociological imagination
Infertility
• Primary• Secondary• Pregnancy wastage
– Are infertility problems mostly attributed to women?
Assisted Reproductive Technology
• Hormone therapy
• Artificial Insemination
• In Vitro fertilization
Should individuals be able to pick the sex of their baby?
Reproductive technology-Social and Ethical Issues
• Embryo Screening- A technology for examining fertilized eggs before implantation to choose or eliminate certain ones.– The potential to create a child with certain traits
expands– What are the implications?• Sex selection• Trait selection
Adoption• Demographic characteristics of those who typically adopt:
white, educated, and high-income.
• Adoptees in the highest demand are healthy, white infants.
• Those who are older, of a racial or ethnic group different from the adoptive parents, of a sibling group, or with physical or developmental disabilities are more difficult to place.
Adoption
• Transracial Adoption– Adopting children of a race different from that of
the parents.• Why controversial?
• Open Adoptions– In an open adoption, the biological parent can stay
involved in the child’s life.
Abortion
• 1. An induced abortion is the deliberate termination of a pregnancy through chemical or surgical means.
• 2. A spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) is the unintended termination of a pregnancy.
– What are the main arguments of the abortion debate?
Abortion Debate
Pro-Life– The unborn fetus has a
right to live.– Abortion is an immoral
solution to unintended pregnancy.
– The life of an unborn fetus is sacred and should be protected, even at the cost of individual difficulties for the pregnant woman.
Pro-Choice– Freedom of choice is a
central value.– Those who must bear
the burden of their choices ought to have the right to make these choices.
– Procreation choices must be free of governmental control.
Who Gets Abortions and Why?
• 1209 pregnant women who reported having an reported the following reasons:– 74% - The child would interfere with education,
work, or ability to care for dependents.– 73% - She could not afford a baby now. – 48% - She did not want to be a mother or was
having relationship problems.
Abortion
• Physical Effects
• Psychological Effects
• Post-abortion attitudes of men
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