planning and design considerations for a 4g lte network presented by: engineering associates, inc....
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Planning and Design Considerations For a 4G LTE Network
Presented by:Engineering Associates, Inc.Professional Engineering Firm
2012 ACE/RUSSchool and Symposium
Previous Speakers with Wireless Topics
• Leo Zoucha• Connecting in the Wireless Networks (Backhaul)
• Don Swedenburg• Will LTE be the Death of the Landline?
• Gordon Caverly, Ben Pidek• Wireless Video in the Home
2 - CONFIDENTIAL
Overview
• Funding Options• Design Criteria• Technology Considerations• Frequency Bands• Core Design• RF Design - RAN• Backhaul Considerations• Bandwidth Efficiency & Traffic Planning• Investment/Pricing Models
3 - CONFIDENTIAL
Funding Options
• Connect America Fund• Universal Service Fund transitioning to Connect America
Fund• Objective is to Accelerate Broadband Build-Out in Rural
Areas• Additional $300M of CAF Funding Available to Incumbent
Providers that Commit to FCC Broadband Requirements for Unserved Areas
• 4 MB/s Downstream; 1 Mb/s Upstream
• Remaining Areas to Receive CAF Money Based Upon Broadband Cost Models and Competitive Bidding
4 – CONFIDENTIAL
Funding Options
• RUS Broadband Loans• Provides Funds to Provide Broadband Service in Eligible
Rural Areas• Includes New Construction, Improvements, and Acquisition• No More than One Loan Awarded per Service Area
• Broadband Grants• Funding is Ongoing but Application Process has Ended• Additional Funding Would Require New Legislation
5 – CONFIDENTIAL
Design Criteria
• Which Spectrum Licenses are Available?• Is Coverage Area Urban or Rural?• Are Existing Towers Available or Will Tower Construction
be Required?• Applications - Fixed Solution vs. Mobility?• CPE – Outdoor, USB Desktop, Dongle, or Handsets• What Backhaul Options are Available?• Product Availability and Number of Vendor Options?• Ensure Design Reflects Goals for Geographic Coverage
and Broadband Speed?
6 – CONFIDENTIAL
700 MHz Band Plan
700 MHz – Lower Band 48 MHz; Upper Band 60 MHzMost Blocks are 6 MHz, Allowing 5 MHz LTE Carrier
35% Build-Out Required by June 13, 2013 for A,B, & E40% Build-Out Required by June 13, 2013 for Upper C
7 - CONFIDENTIAL
700 MHz Details
• Block A – 12 MHz Lower Band Paired
• Block B – 12 MHz Lower Band Paired
• Block C – 12 MHz Lower Band Paired and 22 MHz Upper Band Paired
• Block D – 6 MHz Lower Band Unpaired (Video) and 10 MHz Upper Band Paired (Public Safety)
• Block E – 6 MHz Lower Band Unpaired (Video)
8 – CONFIDENTIAL
700 MHz Spectrum Ownership
• Verizon – 22 MHz Upper C Block Nationwide (except Alaska and U.S. Territories) and Scattered Lower A and B Blocks
• AT&T – Scattered Lower B and C Blocks (Mostly Metro Areas); Purchasing Unpaired Lower D Block Nationwide and
Unpaired E Block in some Major Markets from QualComm (for LTE Use)
• Sprint – No 700 MHz
• T-Mobile – No 700 MHz
• Regional Carriers – Lower B and C Blocks (Mostly Rural)
• Public Safety – 10 MHz Upper D Block9 – CONFIDENTIAL
AWS Band Plan
AWS – Advanced Wireless Service; 1.7 GHz; 2.1 GHzBlocks are 6 or 10 MHz, Allowing 5 or 10 MHz LTE Carrier
Substantial Service Build-Out Deadline is 2021
10 - CONFIDENTIAL
PCS Band Plan
PCS – Broadband Radio Service; 1.9 GHz
11 – CONFIDENTIAL
BRS/EBS Band Plan
BRS – Broadband Radio Service; 2.6 GHz
• EBS (Educational Broadband Service) was not licensed for commercial services, although its use has been postulated for LTE in some markets.
• Due to current Band 7 ecosystem using FDD, BRS is of limited use until Band 41 TDD ecosystem becomes reality.
12 – CONFIDENTIAL
RF Design - RAN
• Using RF Analysis Tool, Determine Predicted Coverage Levels and Aggregate Speeds Based Upon Technology and CPE Selection
• Utilize Various GIS Data To Evaluate Possible Tower Sites• Select First Choice Tower Locations in Populated Areas• Select Additional Tower Locations to Fill in Rural Areas• Identify Areas Where New Towers May Be Required• Generate Site Search Rings When Necessary• Analyze Results and Add or Delete Sites as Required
13 – CONFIDENTIAL
Service Area Of Interest
• Network Planning / Design Tools-GIS Software• E911 Location Data• Highway/Street Traffic Count Vector Data• Minimum UL/DL Throughput Requirements• Network Resource Locations
Propagation Tools
• Propagation Software Tools• Integrated With GIS Software• Target to Customer Design• Backhaul (Microwave) Feasibility Tool• Operations Reports to Assist with Customer
Service
Shaded Relief Showing Topography of Area
E911 Points for Potential Locations
Evaluate Network Objective• Percentage of Projected Coverage Area• Coverage of Major Thoroughfares• Ability For Sites To Be Contiguous• Fixed Locations and/or Mobile Devices
Network Parameters• Technology Type• Frequency Band(s)• Network Backbone/Backhaul
18
Existing Cellular Coverage in Planned Service Area
Coverage Objective for Planned Service Area
Establish Search Area Ring (SAR)
Search Area Ring (SAR)
Description: Identify feasible sites for providing necessary coverage as to existing network.
The SAR includes the following activities and deliverables: • Importing target coverage zones• Develop alternate search area ringsBase map indicating:• RSA Boundaries• E911 addresses (When Necessary)• Existing Coverage• Contours• Topography• Roadways• Target and Propagation overlay demonstrating RF coverage as related to
target zones for specified frequencies.
21
Review Co-Location Possibilities
22
Establish Site Location
Projected Coverage in Planned Service Area
• PERCENTAGE OF PROJECTED COVERAGE AREA• COVERAGE OF MAJOR THOROUGHFARES
LTE Coverage Maps
LTE Downlink (USB Dongle) 2Mbps to 8MbpsFour Towers with Five Mile Radius; Roughly 16 Miles x 16 Miles
24 – CONFIDENTIAL
LTE Coverage Maps
LTE Uplink (USB Dongle) 2Mbps to 6MbpsFour Towers with Five Mile Radius; Roughly 16 Miles x 16 Miles
25 – CONFIDENTIAL
Backhaul
• LTE demands high-capacity backhaul• Leased T1’s will prove inadequate• Viable choices are fiber or microwave
26 – CONFIDENTIAL
Core Design
• Design Core Network Based Upon Projected Number of Subscribers and Bandwidth Requirements
• Is VoIP Required or Data Only?• Ancillary/OEM Solutions Needed
• Billing• Network Management, • Subscriber Provisioning• Regulatory (E911, CALEA)
• Identify Existing Equipment Required to Interface• Evaluate Building Feasibility Related to Redundant
Backhaul Facilities, Security, and Back-up Power
27 – CONFIDENTIAL
LTE Evolved Packet Core
28 – CONFIDENTIAL
Technology Considerations
• 700 MHz is Fundamental Design Based Upon Coverage; However, Bandwidth is Limited
• Reserve 700 MHz for Rural Areas that Require More Reach but Serves Fewer Subscribers
• Use AWS, BRS, or PCS for Capacity in Populated Areas with Shorter Reach
29 – CONFIDENTIAL
LTE vs. WiMax
• Although LTE and WiMAX are Similar in Technology, Vendors have Moved Development Emphasis to LTE
• WiMAX has Less Vendor Competition Today
• LTE will have Longer Product Life and Future Prices are More Likely to Decrease
30 – CONFIDENTIAL
Technology Comparison
700 MHz WiMAX LTE
Downlink OFDMA OFDMA
Uplink OFDMA SC-FDMA
MIMO Supported Today 2x2 4x2 downlink, 1x4 uplink
Cell edge interference control
Soft frequency re-use
Inter-cell Interference control
Mobility Hard handoff Full mobility
Microcells available Yes Yes
VoIP Support w/ optional core node w/ optional IMS core
31 – CONFIDENTIAL
Technology Comparison
700 MHz WiMAX LTE
Router CPE Yes Yes
USB Dongle CPE Yes Yes
Outdoor CPE Yes Yes
Smart Phones No Future
Built-in Laptop Support Not at 700 MHz Future
Vendors at 700 MHz One Five or More
Industry Group IEEE/WiMax Forum 3GPP
32 – CONFIDENTIAL
Bandwidth Efficiency
700 MHz LTE
Available Licensed Bandwidth (MHz) 6 + 6
Usable Bandwidth (MHz) 5 + 5
Spectral efficiency, downlink (bps/Hz) 1.67
Spectral efficiency, uplink (bps/Hz) 0.89
Average Throughput per 3-sector site, downlink (Mbps) 25.05
Average Throughput per 3-sector site, uplink (Mbps) 13.35
Loading Factor, downlink 70%
Loading Factor, uplink 60%
33 – CONFIDENTIAL
* Performance data is averaged from various vendors’ claims as of 2011.
Subscriber Traffic Model
700 MHz LTETraffic per Subscriber per Month (GB) 30
Downlink Traffic (%) 70%
Uplink Traffic (%) 30%
Hours in the Busy Period per Day 4
Percent of Daily Traffic Carried in Busy Period 25%
Downlink Busy Hour Traffic per Subscriber 97 kbps
Uplink Busy Hour Traffic per Subscriber 42 kbps
Subscribers Supported per Sector 60
Subscribers Supported per Base Station (3 sectors) 180
34 – CONFIDENTIAL
* Performance data is averaged from various vendors’ claims as of 2011.
Estimate of Investment
700 MHz LTE
Access Network
3-Sector Single-5MHz-Carrier Macro Cell $55,000
Investment per Subscriber $306
Core Network
Broadband Data-Only Core Network $3,000,000
Incremental for VoIP Core Network $1,400,000
CPE Terminals
Desktop/Fixed CPE $395
USB Dongle $200
35 – CONFIDENTIAL
* Pricing data is averaged from various vendors’ proposals as of 2011.
Pricing - Example Network #1
700 MHz LTE
Base Stations 50
Subscribers Supported 9000
Total Investment $9,827,500
Investment per Subscriber $1,092
36 – CONFIDENTIAL
* Pricing data is averaged from various vendors’ proposals as of 2011.
Pricing - Example Network #2
700 MHz LTE
Base Stations 100
Subscribers Supported 18,000
Total Investment $15,255,000
Investment per Subscriber $848
37 – CONFIDENTIAL
* Pricing data is averaged from various vendors’ proposals as of 2011.
Pricing - Example Network #3
700 MHz LTE
Base Stations 200
Subscribers Supported 36,000
Total Investment $26,110,000
Investment per Subscriber $725
38 – CONFIDENTIAL
* Pricing data is averaged from various vendors’ proposals as of 2011.
Summary - Start to Finish Process
• Feasibility Study and Business Case• Preliminary RF/Backhaul Network Design• RFP Preparation, Proposal Analysis, and Contract
Negotiation• Site Acquisition and Lease Negotiations• Permitting / Legal• Detailed RF/Backhaul Network Design• Project Management and Asset Management• Construction Management• As Built Drawings
39 – CONFIDENTIAL
Thank You
Engineering Associates, Inc.1220 Old Alpharetta Road, Suite 390
Alpharetta, GA 30005678-455-7266
engineeringassociates.com
40 – CONFIDENTIAL
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