physics for 3 year programme (yr 9, 10 & 11)
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8/14/2019 Physics for 3 Year Programme (Yr 9, 10 & 11)
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Proposed Teaching Scheme for Physics Year 9
Topics SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES RESOURCES DURATION(WEEKS)
SECTION 1 - GENERAL PHYSICS 3
1. PHYSICAL
QUANTITIESAND UNITS
MEASUREMENT
TECHNIQUES
Describe how to measure avariety of lengths with appropriateaccuracy using tapes, rules,micrometers and calipers using averneir.
Practical activity:-
All appropriates instrumentsfor measuring mass, length,time and volume
http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/viewtopic.php?t=69
Describe how to measure avariety of time intervals usingclocks and stopwatches
Practical activity:- Usingstopwatch, pendulum
Describe how to measure massand weight by using appropriatebalances
Lever balance & springbalance
UNITS ANDSYMBOLS
Recognise and use conventionsand symbols contained in 'signs,Symbols and Systematics.'associations for Science
Education, 1995 Citation of examples
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2. KINEMATICS 5
SPEED,VELOCITY ANDACCELERATION
State what is meant by speed andvelocity.
Practical activity:- Tickertimer, ticker tape, trolleys and
inclined plane
Calculate average speed usingdistance travelled / time taken.
State what is meant by uniformacceleration
http:www.walterfendt.de/ph14e/
Calculate the value ofacceleration using change invelocity / time-taken
Calculate the value ofacceleration using change invelocity / time-taken.
GRAPHICALANALYSIS OFMOTION
Plot and interpret a speed-timegraph
Graph plotting
Recognise shape of a speed-timegraph when body is
1. at rest
2. moving with uniform speedand
3. moving with uniformacceleration
4. moving with non-uniformacceleration
Calculate the area under speed-time graph to determine thedistance travelled for motion withuniform speed or uniformacceleration
Problem solving
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FREE FALL
State that the acceleration of free-fall for a body near to the earth isconstant and is approximately 10m/s2.
Graph sketchesdescribe qualitatively the motionof bodies with constant weightfalling with and without airresistance (including reference toterminal velocity)
3. DYNAMICS 4
BALANCED ANDUNBALANCEDFORCES
State Newton's third law
Citation of examples
describe the effect of balancedand unbalanced forces on a body
Do calculations using the
equation Force = mass acceleration
Problem solving
FRICTION
Explain the effects of friction onthe motion of the body.
Citation of examples
*Discuss the effect of friction onthe motion of a vehicle in thecontext of tyre surface, roadconditions (including skidding),braking force, braking distanceand stopping distance)
Slide presentation
CIRCULARMOTION
Describe qualitatively motion in acircular path due to a constant
perpendicular force, includingelectrostatic forces on an electronin an atom and gravitationalforces on a satellite, (F = mv2/r isnot required)
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Discuss how ideas of circularmotion are related to the motionof planets in the solar system
4. MASS, WEIGHT & DENSITY2
MASS & WEIGHTState that mass is a measure ofthe amount of substance in abody
Demonstration
State that mass of a body resistschange from its state of rest ormotion
State that a gravitational field is aregion in which mass experiencea force due to gravitationalattraction
Calculate weight from the
equation: weight = mass gravitational field strength
Problem solving
Explain that two weights, andtherefore masses, can becompared using a balance
Beam balance
DENSITY Describe how to use ameasuring cylinder to measurethe volume of solid or liquid
Measuring cylinder
Describe experiments todetermine the density of a
liquid, of a regularly shapedsolid, of an irregularly shapedsolid which sinks in water(method of displacement)
Practical activity -Plasticine,thread, measuring cylinder,
eureka can, vernier calipers
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Make calculations usingformula: density = mass/volume
Problem solving
SCALARS ANDVECTORS
Define the terms scalar andvector
List the vectors and scalarsfrom distance, displacement,length, speed, velocity, time,acceleration, mass and force
Citation of examples
Determine the resultant of twovectors by a graphical method
construction
5. TURNING EFFECT OF FORCES 3
MOMENTS Describe the moment of aforce in terms of its turningeffect and give everydayexamples
Demonstration: Balancing alever, weights, wedge,metre rule
State the principle of momentsfor a body in equilibrium
Make calculations using:
Problem solving
1. Moment of a force = force
perpendicular distance fromthe pivot
2. the principles of momentsperform and describeexperiment to verify principle ofmoments
Practical Activity - Meterrule, pin, weights, string,stand, clamp, boss
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Describe how to determine theposition of the centre of massof a plane lamina
Practical activity: Thickuniform card, plumbline,stand, clamp, boss
Describe qualitatively the effectof the position of the centre ofmass on the stability of simpleobjects
Citation of examples
6. DEFORMATION 2
ELASTICDEFORMATION
state that a force may producea change in size and shape ofa body
Practical Activity:-Plasticene, spring slottedweight
plot, draw and interpretextension-load graphs forelastic solids and describe the
associated experimentalprocedure Graph workRecognise the significance ofthe term 'Limit ofproportionality' for an elasticsolid
Calculate extensions for anelastic solid usingproportionality
Problem solving
7. PRESSURE 2PRESSURE Define the term pressure interms of force and area, anddo calculations using the
equation: pressure = force
Problem solving
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area
Explain how pressure varieswith force and area in thecontext of everyday examples.
Citation of examples
Describe how the height of aliquid column may be used tomeasure the atmosphericpressure
Barometer
PRESSURECHANGES
Explain quantitatively how thepressure beneath a liquidsurfaces changes with depthand density of the liquid in
appropriate examples
Citation of examples andproblem solving
Describe the use of amanometer in themeasurement of pressuredifference
Manometer
Describe and explain thetransmission of pressure inhydraulic systems withparticular reference to thehydraulic press and hydraulic
brakes on vehicles
Hydraulic model, citation ofexamples, problem solving
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Describe how a change involume of a fixed mass of gasat constant temperature iscaused by a change in
pressure applied to the gas
Citation of examples
Do calculations using p1v1 =p2v2
Problem solving
8. ENERGY, WORK & POWER 3
ENERGYCONVERSION
ANDCONSERVATION
List the different forms ofenergy with examples in whicheach forms occurs
Citation of simple examples
state the principle of theconservation of energy andapply this principle to the
conversion of energy from oneform to another
Application of examples
State that kinetic energy Ek =1/2 mv2and that potentialenergy Ep = mgh and usethese equations in calculations
Problem solving
MAJORSOURCES OFENERGY
List renewable and non-renewable energy sources
Citation of simple examples
Describe quantitively theprocesses of the followingsources of energy beingconverted from one form toanother:
Group Presentation(project)
1. chemical/fuel energy (aregrouping of atoms)
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2. hydroelectric generation(emphasising the mechanicalenergies involved)
3. Solar energy (nuclei ofatoms in the Sun)
4. nuclear energy
5. geothermal energy
6. wind energy
Explain nuclear fusion andfission in terms of energyreleasing processes
Do calculations using themass-energy equation E = mc2
Problem solving
Descibe the process ofelectricity generation and drawa block diagram of the processfrom the fuel input to electricityoutput
BLOCK DIAGRAMDRAWING
Descibe the environmentalissues associated with powergeneration
Class Project
WORK Calculate workdone from theformula work = force
distance moved in theline of action of the force
Problem solving
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EFFICIENCY
Calculate the efficiency of theenergy conversion using theformula: Energy = energyconverted to the required
form / total energy output
Problem solving
Discuss the efficiency ofenergy conversions in commonuse, particularly those givingelectrical output
citation of examples
Discuss the usefulness of theenergy output from a numberof energy conversions
citation of examples
POWERcalculate power from theformula: power = workdone /
time taken
Problem solving
9. TRANSFER OF THERMAL ENERGY 2
CONDUCTION
Describe experiments on howto distinguish between goodand bad conductors of heat Demonstration: Conduction
kits
Describe in molecular termshow heat transfer occurs insolids
CONVECTIONDescribe convection in fluids interms of density changes
Demonstration: Convectionkits
RADIATION Describe the process of heattransfer by radiation.
Demonstration: RadiationKits
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Describe how to distinguishbetween good and bademitters and good and badabsorbers on infra-red
radiation
TOTALTRANSFER
Describe how heat istransferred to or from abuildings and to or from a room
citation of examples
State and explain the use ofthe important practicalmethods of heat insulation forbuildings.
10. TEMPERATURE 2
9.1 PRINCIPLESOFTHERMOMETRY
Explain how a physical
property which vary withtemperature being used for themeasurement of temperatureand state examples of suchproperties
Thermometer model
Explain the need for fixedpoints and state what is meantby the ice-point and steampoint
Discuss sensitivity, range andlinearity of thermometers
describe how a given propertyis used to measuretemperature
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LIQUID-IN-
GLASSTHERMOMETER
Describe the structure andaction of liquid-in-glassthermometers (includingclinical) and of a thermocouple
thermometer, showing anappreciation of its use formeasuring high temperaturesand those which vary rapidly.
Laboratory and clinical
thermometer, andthermocouple
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PROPOSED TEACHING SCHEME FOR PHYSICS (5054) YEAR 10
TOPICS SUB-TOPICS OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES RESOURCESDURATION(WEEKS)
11. THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER 5SPECIFIC HEATCAPACITY
Describe a rise in temperatureof a body in terms of anincrease in its internal energy(random thermal energy) Slide presentationDescribe the terms heatcapacity and specific heatcapacity
calculate heat transferredusing the formula thermalenergy = mass x specificheat capacity x change intemperature
Problem solving
Describe melting / solidificationand boiling / condensation interms of energy transferwithout the change intemperature.
Slide presentation
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MELTING ANDBOILING
state the meaning of meltingpoint and boiling point
BOILING ANDEVAPORATION
Explain the differencebetween boiling andevaporation
SPECIFICLATENT HEAT
define the terms latent heatand specific latent heat
Explain latent heat in terms ofmolecular behaviour
calculate heat transferred inthe change of state using theformula thermal energy =mass x specific latent heat
Problem solving
THERMALEXPANSION OFSOLIDS,LIQUIDS ANDGASES
Describe qualitatively thethermal expansion of solids,liquids and gases
Slide presentation
describe the relative order ofmagnitude of the expansion ofsolids, liquids and gases
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Identify and explain some ofthe everday applications andconsequences of thermal
expansion
Citation of examples
Describe qualitatively the effectof a change of temperature onthe volume of gas at constantpressure.
Graph work
12. KINETIC MODEL OF MATTER 2
STATES OFMATTER
State the distinguishingproperties of solids, liquids and
gases
Slide presentation anddemonstration
MOLECULARMODEL Describe qualitatively the
molecular structure of solids,liquids and gases, relating theirproperties to the forces anddistances between moleculesand to the motion of molecules
Describe the relationship
between the motion of themolecules and temperature.
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Explain the pressure of a gasin terms of the motion of itsmolecules
EVAPORATION
describe evaporation in termsof the escape of moreenergetic molecules from thesurface of a liquid
describe how temperature,surface area and draught overa surface influence evaporation
explain that evaporationcauses cooling
13. GENERAL WAVE PROPERTIES 3
DESCRIBINGWAVE MOTION
Describe what is meant bywave motion as illustrated byvibration in ropes, springs andby experiments using a rippletank
Slinky spring, ripple tank
WAVE TERMS state what is meant by the term
wavefront
Slide Presentation
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Define the terms speed,frequency, wavelength andamplitude and do calculation
using c = f
Wave drawing & problemsolving
WAVEBEHAVIOUR
Describe longitudinal andtranverse waves in such a wayas to illustrate the differencesbetween them
Slinky spring, ripple tank
describe the use of a rippletank to show
1. reflection at a plane surface
2. refraction due to a change inspeed at constant frequency
describe simple experiments toshow the reflection andrefraction of sound waves
Signal generator,Microphone, tube, C.R.O.,balloon filled with carbondioxide gas
14. LIGHT 4REFLECTION OFLIGHT Define the terms used in
reflection including normal,angle of incidence and angle of
reflection
Practical activity: Ray-box,plane mirror, Optical pins,Constructions, anglemeasurement & Problemsolving
Describe an experiment toillustrate the laws of reflection
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Describe an experiment to findthe position and characteristicsof an optical image formed by
a plane mirror
state that for reflection, theangle of incidence is equal tothe angle of reflection and usethis in constructions,measurements andcalculations
REFRACTIONOF LIGHT Define the terms used in
refraction including angle of
incidence, angle of refractionand refractive index Practical Activity: Ray-box,glass blocks, Light rayconstruction, drawing paper
Describe experiments to showrefraction of light through glassblocks
Use equation sin i / sin r = n(refractive index)
Problem solving
Define the terms critical angleand total internal reflection
Semicircular glass block,ray box
Describe experiments to showtotal internal reflection
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Describe the use of opticalfibres in telecommunicationsand state the advantanges of
their use.
THINCONVERGINGLENS
Describe the action of a thinconverging lens on a beam oflight
Practical Activity: Convexand concave lenses, raybox
Define the term focal length
*Draw ray diagrams to illustratethe formation of real and virtualimages of an object by lens
construction
Define the terms linearmagnification and *draw scalediagrams to determine thefocal length needed forparticular values ofmagnification (converging lensonly)
construction
Describe the use of a singlelens as a magnifying glass andin a camera, projector andphotographic enlarger and
draw ray diagrams to showhow each forms an image
construction
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Draw ray-diagrams to showformation of images in thenormal eye, a short-sighted
eye and a long-sighted eye Ray diagram construction
Describe the correction ofshort-sighted and long sighted
TOPIC 18: STATIC ELECTRICITY 2
LAWS OF
ELECTROSTATICS
Describe experiments to showelectrostatic charging byfriction.
Electrostatics Kit
Explain that charging of solids
involves a movement ofelectrons.
State that there are positiveand negative charges and thatcharge is measured incoulombs.
State that unlike chargesattract and like charges repel.
Principles of
electrostatics
Describe an electric field as a
region in which an electriccharge experiences a force.
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State the direction of lines offorce and describe simple fieldpatterns.
Describe the separation ofcharges by induction.
Discuss the differencesbetween electrical conductorsand insulators and stateexamples of each.
Citation of examples
Applications ofelectrostatics
state what is meant by
"earthing" a charged object.
Describe examples wherecharging could be a probleme.g. lightning
Citation of examples
Describe examples wherecharging is helpful e.g'sphotocopier and electrostaticprecipitator.
Citation of examples
TOPIC 19: CURRENT ELECTRICITY 4Current State that a current is a flow of
charge and that current ismeasured in amperes.
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Do calculations using theequation charge = current xtime.
Problem solving
Describe the use of anammeter with different ranges.
ammeter, milliammeter,multimeter
Electromotiveforce
Explain that electromotiveforce (e.m.f.) is measured bythe energy dissipated by asource in driving a unit chargearound a complete circuit.
State that e.m.f. is work
done/charge.
Problem solving
Electromotiveforce
State that the volt is given byJ/C.
Problem solving
Calculate the total e.m.f. whereseveral sources are arrangedin series and discuss how thisis used in the design ofbatteries.
Discuss the advantage of
making a battery from severalequal voltage sources of e.m.f.arranged in parallel.
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Potentialdifference
State that the potentialdifference across a circuitcomponent is measured involts.
state that the p.d. across acomponent in a circuit is givenby the work done in thecomponent/charge passedthrough the component
(k) describe the use of avoltmeter with different ranges.
Voltmeter, multimeter
Resistance
State that resistance =p.d./current and use theequation resistance =voltage/current incalculations.
Problem solving
Describe an experiment tomeasure the resistance of ametallic conductor using avoltmeter and an ammeter andmake the necessary
calculations.
Voltmeter, leads, ammeter,variable resistors, battery &Problem solving
Discuss the temperaturelimitation on Ohm's Law.
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*use quantitatively theproportionality betweenresistance and the length andthe crosssectional area of a
wire.
I.T. Presentation
Calculate the net effect of anumber of resistors in seriesand in parallel.
Problem solving
Resistance
Describe the effect oftemperature increase on theresistance of a resistor and afilament lamp and draw therespective sketch graphs of
current/voltage.
Graph work
Describe the operation of alight-dependent resistor.
Light dependeng resistor
TOPIC 20: D.C. CIRCUITS 3
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Current andpotential
difference incircuits
*Draw circuit diagrams withpower sources (cell, battery ora.c. mains), switches (closedand open), resistors (fixed andvariable), light dependentresistors, lamps, ammeters,voltmeters, magnetising coils,bells, fuses, relays, light-emitting diodes and
IT Presentation
Series andparallel circuits
State that the current at everypoint in a series circuit is thesame, and use this incalculations.
Problem solving
Difference across the wholecircuit and use this incalculations. State that the current from thesource is the sum of thecurrents in the separatebranches of a parallel circuit.
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Do calculations on the wholecircuit, recalling and usingformulae including R = V/I and
of a parallel circuit.
TOPIC 21: PRACTICAL ELECTRICITY 2
Uses of electricity
Describe the use of electricityin heating, lighting and motors.
Citation of examples
Do calculations using theequations power = voltage xcurrent, and energy = voltagex current x time.
Problem solving
Calculate the cost of usingelectrical appliances where theenergy unit is the kWh.
Dangers ofelectricity
State the hazards of damagedinsulation, overheating ofcables and damp conditions.
Citation of examples
Safe use of
electricity in thehome
Explain the use of fuses and
circuit breakers and fuseratings and circuit breakersettings.
Fuses, circuit breaker 2
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Explain the need for earthingmetal cases and for doubleinsulation.
State the meaning of the termslive, neutral and earth.
Describe how to wire a mainsplug.
3-pin plug
Explain why switches, fusesand circuit breakers are wiredinto the live conductor.
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PROPOSED TEACHING SCHEME FOR PHYSICS (5054) YEAR 11
TOPICS SUB-TOPICS OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES RESOURCESDURATION(WEEKS)
TOPIC 22: ELECTROMAGNETISM 3
Force on a
current-carryingconductor
Describe experiments to showthe force on a current-carryingconductor, and on a beam ofcharged particles, in amagnetic field, including theeffect of reversing (1) the
current, (2) the direction of thefield.
d.c power supply, insulatedtong wire, major magnet
State the relative directions offorce, field and current.
Force on acurrent-carrying
conductor
Describe the field patternsbetween currents in parallelconductors and relate these tothe forces which exist betweenthe conductors (excluding theEarth's field).
Vertical parallel thick wire,low voltage power supply
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The d.c. motor
Explain how a current-carryingcoil in a magnetic fieldexperiences a turning effectand that the effect is increased
by increasing (1) the number ofturns on the coil (2) the current.
Discuss how this turning effectis used in the action of anelectric motor.
d.c. power supply, d.c.motor
Describe the action of a split-ring commutator in a two-pole,single coil motor and the effectof winding the coil onto a soft-iron cylinder.
model of d.c. motor
TOPIC 23: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 3Principles of
electromagneticinduction
Describe an experiment whichshows that a changingmagnetic field can induce ane.m.f. in a circuit.
Galvanometer, permanentmagnet and Solenoid
State the factors affecting themagnitude of the inducede.m.f.
State that the direction of acurrent produced by an
induced e.m.f. opposes thechange producing it (Lenz'sLaw) and describe how this lawmay be demonstrated.
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The a.c.generator
Describe a simple form of a.c.generator (rotating coil orrotating magnet) and the use ofslip rings where needed.
Dynamo
*Sketch a graph of voltageoutput against time for a simplea.c. generator.
The transformer
Describe the structure andprinciple of operation of asimple iron-cored transformer.
transformer model
State the advantages of highvoltage transmission.
Discuss the environmental and
cost implications ofunderground powertransmission compared tooverhead lines.
24. Introductory Electronics 4
Thermionicemission State that electrons are emitted
by a hot metal filament.
Explain that to cause acontinuous flow of emittedelectrons requires (1) high
positive potential and (2) verylow gas pressure.
Describe the deflection of anelectron beam by electric fields
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and magnetic fields.State that the flow of electrons(electron current) is fromnegative to positive and is inthe opposite direction toconventional current
Simple treatmentof cathode-rayoscilloscope
Describe in outline the basicstructure and action of acathode-ray oscilloscope(detailed circuits are notrequired).
Demonstration of CRO
Describe the use of a cathode-ray oscilloscope to display
waveforms and to measurep.d.'s and short intervals oftime (detailed circuits are notrequired).
Action and use ofcircuit
components
Explain how the values ofresistors are chosen accordingto a colour code and whywidely different values areneeded in different types ofcircuit.
Discuss the need to choose
components with suitablepower ratings.
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Describe the action ofthermistors and light-dependent resistors andexplain their use as input
sensors.
Demonstration of LDR
Describe the action of avariable potential divider(potentiometer).
Demonstration ofpotentiometer
Describe the action of acapacitor as a charge storeand explain its use in timedelay circuits.
Demonstration ofCapacitors, reed switch andreed relay
Describe the action of a reedswitch and reed relay.
Explain the use of reed relaysin switching circuits.
Describe and explain circuitsoperating as light-sensitiveswitches and temperatureoperated alarms (using a reedrelay or other circuits).
State the meaning of the termsprocessor, output device andfeedback.
TOPIC 25: ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 2
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Switching andlogic circuits
Describe the action of a bipolarnpn transistor as an electricallyoperated switch and explain itsuse in switching circuits.
Handson Electronic LogicKit
*ElectronicSystems areOptional topic
State in words and in truthtable form, the action of thefollowing logic gates, AND,OR, NAND, NOR andNOT(inverter).
State the symbols for the logicgates listed above (AmericanANSI Y 32.14 symbols will beused).
Bistable andastable circuits
Describe the use of a bistablecircuit.
Discuss the fact that bistablecircuits exhibit the property ofmemory.
Describe the use of an astablecircuit (pulse generator).
Describe how the frequency ofan astable circuit is related tothe values of the resistive andcapacitative components.
SECTION VI ATOMIC PHYSICS TOPIC 26. RADIOACTIVITY 4
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Detection ofradioactivity
Describe the detection ofalpha-particles, beta-particlesand gamma-rays byappropriate methods. 3 Radioactive resources
Characteristics ofthe three types of
emission
State and explain the randomemission of radioactivity indirection and time.
State, for radioactiveemissions, their nature, relativeionising effects and relativepenetrating powers.
IT Presentation
Describe the deflection ofradioactive emissions inelectric fields and magneticfields.Explain what is meant byradioactive decay.
Nuclear reactions
Explain the processes of fusionand fission.Describe with the aid of a blockdiagram one type of fissionreactor for use in a powerstation.
Discuss theories of starformation and their energy
production by fusion.Half-li fe Explain what is meant by the
term half-life.
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Make calculations based onhalf-life which might involveinformation in tables or shownby decay curves.
Uses ofradioactive
isotopes includingsafety
precautions
Describe how radioactivematerials are handled, usedand stored in a safe way.
Discuss the way in which thetype of radiation emitted andthe half-life determine the usefor the material.
Discuss the origins and effectof background radiation.
Discuss the dating of objects
by the use of14C.
TOPIC 27: THE NUCLEAR ATOM 2
Atomic model
Describe the structure of theatom in terms of nucleus andelectrons.
IT Presentation
Describe how the Geiger-Marsden alpha-particlescattering experiment providesevidence for the nuclear atom.
Nucleus Describe the composition of
the nucleus in terms of protonsand neutrons.
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Define the terms protonnumber (atomic number), Zand nucleon number (massnumber), A.
Explain the term nuclide anduse the nuclide notation AZ X toconstruct equations whereradioactive decay leads tochanges in the composition ofthe nucleus.
Define the term isotope.
Explain, using nuclide notation,how one element may have anumber of isotopes.
ANY QUERIES PLEASE REFER TO MOHD KHAIRUL AZMI BIN KASSIM MAKTAB SAINS PADUKA SERI BEGAWAN
SULTAN
E-mail address khairolazmi.kassim@msains.moe.edu.bn
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