photo ©david french. used with permission.. and the answer is… it can be done! how much money ya...
Post on 31-Mar-2015
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AN ALL LED THEATRE, MYTH OR REALTY?
Photo ©David French. Used with permission.
AND THE ANSWER IS…
IT CAN BE DONE!
HOW MUCH MONEY YA GOT?
FROM WHICH BUDGET?
THE PROGRESS OF LED TECHNOLOGY HAS MADE THIS A VALID QUESTION
•IMPROVED LIGHT OUTPUT
•RGBAW AND MORE
•HOMOGENIZED BEAM
•REDUCED MATERIAL COST
•FOCUS ON LUMINAIRE DESIGN
•FINDING THE HOLY GRAIL
WHY LED IN THEATRE?
REDUCING POWER DENSITY IS NOT THE DRIVING FORCE AS IN ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING; DUTY CYCLE IS GENERALLY NOT THERE - STAGE LIGHTING IS NORMALLY EXEMPTED BY ENERGY CODES
OPERATIONAL ADVANTAGES OF LED ARE THE DRIVING FORCE FOR ADOPTION IN ENTERTAINMENT LIGHTING AS MUCH AS PAYBACK ISSUES, MAYBE MORE SO
OPERATIONAL ADVANTAGESNo re-lamping means greater reliability, key
halogen lamps in a theatre are still 300 hours life!!No expendable color media hassle, gels burn outUnlimited color selection, cue by cueFewer lighting sources requiredCan use home made gobosCooler, therefore safer fixturesMuch more flexibility from a fixed repertory light
plot than a similar plot using conventional instruments
Fixture by fixture control, regardless of circuiting
The major traditional theatrical lighting instrument types now have
LED counterparts
WASH LUMINAIRESUSED FOR COLOR WASHES
TRADITIONALLY PARS OR FRESNELS
ONE OF THE FIRST TYPES TO HAVE A VIABLE LED EQUAL
RGB IS ACCEPTABLE HERE
Border Lights STILL USED FOR COLOR TONING AND
SOMETIMES FOR LIGHTING BACK DROPS
TRADITIONAL SOURCES ARE HUGE WATTAGE HOGS
TRADITIONAL FIXTURES HAVE “PAR-LIKE” DISTRIBUTION - EASY FOR LED
SATURATED COLORS PREFERRED - EASY FOR LED
CYC LIGHTS
TRADITIONAL EVOLUTION FROM BORDER LIGHTS, THINK WALL WASH FIXTURE, ASYMETRICAL REFLECTOR
TRADITIONAL SOURCES ARE HUGE WATTAGE HOGS AND REQUIRE MANY CIRCUITS
SATURATED COLORS PREFERRED - EASY FOR LED
AUTOMATED LIGHTINGMANY TYPES EXIST, BUT THE WASH
LUMINAIRES NOW HAVE VIABLE LED EQUALS
TRADITIONAL SOURCES ARE HID - VERY HIGH LAMP COSTS, MAINTENANCE ISSUES
SATURATED COLORS PREFERRED - EASY FOR LED
“PROFILE” SPOTS (ERS)
THE HOLY GRAIL, JUST NOW COMING ON THE MARKET FROM MANY MANUFACTURERS
HARD EDGE SOURCE WITH INTERNAL FOCAL POINT, TRADITIONALLY ACHIEVED WITH ELLIPSOIDAL REFLECTOR
USED FOR FRONT LIGHTING, LONGER THROWS AND PATTERN PROJECTION THE WORK HORSE IN EVERY THEATRE
ACHIEVING THE REQUIRED BEAM CHARACTERISTICS HAS BEEN A CHALLENGE
USED TO LIGHT ACTING AREAS - PASTELS AND FLESH TONES ARE MORE IMPORTANT THAN SATURATED COLORS - THIS REQUIRES RGBA OR RGBAW
HOUSE LIGHTS
FULL RANGE DIMMING REQUIREMENTS HAVE DICTATED HALOGEN SOURCES
HOUSE LIGHTS ARE TYPICALLY VERY DIFFICULT TO SERVICE
HALOGEN SOURCES DRIVE THE NEED FOR DIMMER CABINETS THAT OTHER-WISE MIGHT NOT BE NECESSARY
THERE ARE NOW LED SOURCES AVAILABLE FOR HIGH CEILING APPLICATIONS THAT ALSO INCORPORATE FULL RANGE DMX DIMMING
0-10 VOLT OR ELV DIMMING MAY BE ACCEPTABLE IN CAFETORIUMS OR OTHER VENUES WHERE FULL DIMMING IS NOT AN EXPECTATION
SOME FIXTURES TAKE ADVANGE OF RGBW TECHNOLOGY TO ALLOW HOUSE LIGHT COLOR-MIXING
DMX CONTROL ALLOWS FLEXIBILITY IN CONTROL ZONES MUCH THE SAME WAY DALI AND ADDRESSABLE BALLASTS ALLOW IT IN ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING
HOW DOES LED AFFECTSYSTEM DESIGN?
THIS IS NOT YOUR DADDY’S STAGE LIGHTING SYSTEM
WE ARE ON THE EDGE, OR MAYBE PAST, A SEISMIC SHIFT IN SYSTEM DESIGN
IS YOUR PROJECT A CANDIDATE TO MAKE THE LEAP?
TRADITIONAL SYSTEMSCENTRALIZED DIMMER RACK
FEEDING DISCREET CIRCUITSCIRCUITS ARE DISTRIBUTED
BASED ON THE NEED FOR CONTROL FLEXIBILITY AS MUCH AS LOAD REQUIREMENTS
QUANTITY OF CIRCUITS OFTEN DROVE FEEDERS TO LARGER SIZES OUT OF LINE WITH ACTUAL LOADS
WHAT IS DIFFERENT WITH LED?SMALLER FEEDSREDUCED NEED FOR
CONVENTIONAL DIMMINGNEED TO TURN POWER SUPPLIES
OFF - PHANTOM POWER ISSUESWHERE DIMMING IS REQUIRED IT
CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED USING DISTRIBUTED DIMMING DEVICES
NO NEED FOR K-RATED TRANSFORMERS
REDUCES LOAD ON AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
CONTROL IS KEYEACH FIXTURE AND ITS ATTRIBUTES
ARE CONTROLLED DISCREETLY VIA DIGITAL SIGNALS, TYPICALLY DMX
DMX DATA NEEDS TO BE DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT THE SPACE THROUGH THE USE OF SPLITTERS OR ETHERNET
EACH FIXTURE CAN TAKE MORE THAN A DOZEN CHANNELS OF CONTROL
CONTROL CONSOLES EXIST TO MAKE CONTROLLING ALL OF THIS EASIER
WHAT ABOUT THE DOLLARS?SEVERAL FACTORS TO CONSIDER
LUMINAIRE COST
REDUCTION OF DIMMING EQUIPMENT
INSTALLATION SAVINGS
OPERATIONAL COST SAVINGS
LUMINAIRE COST20 – 30 % FEWER LUMINAIRES REQUIREDWASH FIXTURES:
CONVENTIONAL: $100 - $300LED $500 - $1,500
BORDER LIGHTS (not specified much now)6’ R40 - $600.00LED - $2,500 - $4,500
Yes, really
CYC LIGHTSCONVENTIONAL 1000w FOUR CELL UNIT- $1,400LED - SINGLE CELL - $1,200 - $1,800
LUMINAIRE COSTAUTOMATED LIGHTING WASH FIXTURES
CONVENTIONAL $1,500 - $10,000LED $2,000 - $10,000
PROFILE CONVENTIONAL - 575 watt 19-50 degree -
$350LED $1,000 - $3,500
Yes, really
HOUSE LIGHTSCONVENTIONAL 500W T4 $300 - $500.00LED $1,000 – 1,500.00
REDUCTION OF DIMMING AND RELATED EQUIPMENT
•96 CIRCUIT DIMMER RACK - $20,000
•K-RATED TRANSFORMERS NOT REQUIRED
•ELIMINATION OF DIMMER ROOM
•DISTRIBUTED DIMMING AND RELAYS
•SMALLER FOOTPRINT
•LESS LOAD ON AIR-CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT
INSTALLATION SAVINGS•REDUCED LOADS MEAN SMALLER FEEDERS
•FEWER CIRCUITS REQUIRED
•CAN USE COMMON NEUTRALS IN SOME CASES
•NEED TO DISTRIBUTE DATA, BUT WE ARE ALREADY DOING THAT
•MAY REDUCE THE NEED FOR ACCESS TO EQUIPMENT
COMPARISONSUsed 200 days per year, 6 hours per day, 60%
diversity, .15/kW hourConsumables such as lamps based on
published hours
TYPICAL HIGH SCHOOL - CONVENTIONALEQUIPMENT COST - $139,000.00INSTALLATION AND YEAR ONE COST -
$88,116TOTAL - $227,116ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS - $15,516
COMPARISONSUsed 200 days per year, 6 hours per day, 60%
diversity, .15/kW hourReplacement lamps are not an issue
TYPICAL HIGH SCHOOL - LEDEQUIPMENT COST - $197,482INSTALLATION AND YEAR ONE COST -
$37,954TOTAL - $235,436ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS - $2,104
SERVICE LIFE - LEDAssume an L70 of 50,000 hoursAssume usage at 6 hours per day, 200 days
per yearLife expectancy would be over 40 years!!Things break before that - LED equipment is
more expensive to replace which must be considered
Annual Operating Savings pays for brand new equipment in about 15 years at today’s dollars
CONCLUSIONSVery significant operational advantages to an LED
theatre lighting systemIf you have the budget you can do an all LED theatreEven if you have a “conventional” budget you can
incorporate LED to an extent that is significant enough to drive your system design
Provide for the future use of LED in your system designDistribute DataProvide Capacity in the Control SystemProvide the ability to turn power supplies off
AN ALL LED THEATREQUESTIONS
DISCUSSION
THANK YOU
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