phonics, reading and writing instructions 盧貞穎 教育部國教司...

Phonics, Reading and Writing

Instructions

盧貞穎教育部國教司 中央課程與教學輔導諮詢教師MOE Curriculum and Instruction Consulting Team

Phonics Matters

Teacher’s concepts and motivation

Learner’s concepts and motivation

Phonics knowledge

Phonics instructions / strategies

Textbook

Phonics Matters

Supplementary materials

Teaching aids

Time limit

Assignment

Assessment

How does phonics help EFL learners?

• Reading

(decoding and comprehension)

• Spelling

(spelling and memorizing English words)

• Pronunciation

Phonics Related Ability

Reading with phonics:

letter letter-sound correspondence blending

Related ability:

1. Letter knowledge (pre-phonics level)

2. Letter-sound correspondence

3. Phonological awareness

Pre-phonics Level Instruction

• Letter name & letter form

• letter sound

(Mostly consonants & short vowels)

Phonics Instruction

1. Traditional a. Analytic / indirect / implicit method

b. Synthetic / direct / explicit method

2. Constructive a. Spell based making words word study: picture sort & word sort

b. Compare/contrast and analogy: eat, neat, meat

Letter Knowledge Instruction

• Letter Names & Letter Forms-- Alphabet recognition

• Letter Sounds-- Phonemic awareness -- Phonics

• Meaningful Association -- Word recognition → Chant & Song

→ Reading

Letter Names & Letter Forms

-- Alphabet recognition

1. Introducing capital letters and small letters

Focus on pronunciation /i/: b, c, d, e, g, p, t, v, z

//: f, l, m, n, s, x

/e/: a, h, j, k

/ai/: i, y

/u/: q, u, w

o and r

Letter Names & Letter Forms

-- Alphabet recognition

2. Four Skill Activities:

Listening: Point to (letters on the board)

Show Me (using cards)

Speaking: Speed Reading (class/group/pair)

Poker Game

Letter Names & Letter Forms

-- Alphabet recognition

2. Four Skill Activities:

Reading:

Ordering Game (using cards, time keeping)

Pair up (using cards, time keeping)

Memory Game (using cards)

Letter Names & Letter Forms

-- Alphabet recognition

2. Four Skill Activities:

Writing instruction: Format (notebook & lines)

頂天立地

Say and Write

(in class practice)

Confusable Letter Pairs

• b, d, looking at me

• p, q, point to my shoes

Letter Sounds-- Phonemic awareness

1. Introducing letter sounds

Cat & Dog

Avoid too much information and confusion:

* a, a, a, /æ/, /æ/, /æ/. A, a, apple.

a, /æ/, apple.

Focus on pronunciation

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

Letter Sounds-- Phonemic awareness

2. Phonemic awareness training

Listen for the beginning sound: apple, ball, cat,

dog, egg, fox…

Letter Sounds-- Phonics skill

3. Phonics skill training: Manipulating the sound

Making words

Making words for EFL Beginners

• Use short vowels and consonants

• Begin with two-letter words

• Make CVC words

Sequential consideration

C, V → V C → C V C

(Ex) c, a, t → a t → c a t

• End up with meaningful reading or ask students

to make sentences with the words

CVC Words for Beginners• abc cab• abedef bed dad • abcdefgh bag • abcdefghijk big fig kid Jack• abcdefghijklmn man leg can• abcdefghijklmnop mop cap pig • abcdefghijklmnopqr red • abcdefghijklmnopqrst bat hat rat• abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw sun van wig • abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz six yo-yo zebra

Sample Lessons of Making words, Word Sorting and Reading

• Letters: a i b c f g n t • Make: in at cat fat bat bag big• Sort for: in at ag ig

• Reading: I see a cat. I see a fat cat. I see a bag. I see a big bag. I see a fat cat in a big

bag.

Meaningful Association 1. Word recognition holistic way (apple, ball, elephant, umbrella) phonics way (bat, cat, hat / book, cook, look)

2. Alphabet/phonics Chants & Songs

finger-point reading pronunciation stress & rhythm 3. Reading finger-point reading

Phonics Chants

Letter sound chant

-at, -at! c, -at, cat! I see a cat.

-at,- at! b, -at, bat! I see a bat.

-at,- at! h,- at, hat! I see a hat.

Phonics Chants

Letter sound chantShow me, show me, show me a box. Here you are. x2

Ox, ox, in the box! Fox, fox, in the box! Show me, show me,

show me a box. Here you are. x2

Phonics Songs• http://www.kiddyhouse.com/Songs/alpha/a.html

• Phonic Song A

• Ants on the apple a, a, a

Ants on the apple a, a, a

Ants on the apple a, a, a

"a" is the sound of "A"

Handmade books

• Big books

• Small books

Phonics Readers

• wordsandpictures/longvow/poems/fpoem.shtml

• BBC Bitesize Literacy

• http://www.bbc.co.uk/cgi-bin/education/betsie/parser.pl/0005/www.bbc.co.uk/schools/

Phonics and RTR1 & R2: Cat, cat , cat.

R1: A cat.

R2: A fat cat.

R3 & R4: I see a fat cat.

R3 & R4: Hat, hat, hat.

R3: A hat.

R4: A big hat.

R1 & R2: I see a big hat.

All: Look, the fat cat is in the big hat!

Phonics Tongue Twisters

• Fuzzy Wuzz http://www.starfall.com/n/twisters/fuzzywuzzy/load.htm?f

Fuzzy Wuzzy was a bear. Fuzzy Wuzzy had no hair.

Fuzzy Wuzzy wasn’t very fuzzy, was he?

Phonics Tongue Twisters

• Peter Piper

http://www.starfall.com/n/twisters/peterpiper/load.htm?f

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers;A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked;If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper

picked?

Phonics Tongue Twisters

• Seashells http://www.starfall.com/n/twisters/shellysells/load.htm?f

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/rhymes/Shesells.shtml

She sells sea shells by the sea shore.And the shells she sells are surely sea

shells.

Since she sells shells by the sea shore,I'm sure the shells she sells are seashore

shells.

Phonics Tongue Twisters

• Woodchuck

http://www.starfall.com/n/twisters/woodchuck/load.htm?f

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/rhymes/Woodchuck.shtml

How much wood would a woodchuck chuck,

if a woodchuck could chuck wood?He would chuck as much wood

as a woodchuck could,if a woodchuck could chuck wood.

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/

http://www.starfall.com/n/level-b/index/load.htm?f

http://www.kizclub.com/

1. Constant Continuous Instruction

Effective Phonics Instruction

Effective Phonics Instruction

2. Incorporating phonics in vocabulary instruction

SEE, HEAR, SAY and WRITE the words ----

• Using multi-sensory instruction

• Finger-pointing reading

• Letter- sound correspondence in reading and writing

--- Say and write

Example 1

1. a ag bag bag

2. a at cat cat

3. a at Pat Pat

4. a ra bbit rabbit

5. a ad sad sad

6. She is Pat.

7. She has a cat.

A

Bag She is Pat.

She has a cat.

cat

Pat

Rabbit

sad

Example 2

1. a_e ave brave

brave

2. a_e ave Dave Dave

3. a_e ake cake cake

4. a_e ame name name

5. a_e ace race race

6. This is Dave.

7. He is brave.

a_e

brave This is

Dave.

He is brave.

Dave

cake

name

race

Effective Phonics Instruction

3. Blending

a, t at

h, -at hat

bas, -ket basket

basket, -ball basketball

Effective Phonics Instruction4. Segmentation

• Onset and rime: c/at, n/ice

• Syllable segmentation: to-day; mon-key

• Spelling patterns: -ight

fight, light, might, night, right, sight, tight

• Compound word: book/store, free/way,

sea/food, side/walk school/bag, bed/time,

door/bell, ….

Effective Phonics Instruction

5. Induction: father, mother, brother ther

Deduction: ar car, card, park, smart

Effective Phonics Instruction

6. Meaningful reading:

words, phrases, sentences, rhymes,

songs and chants, tongue twisters,

phonics readers, easy readers,…..

Mary has a cat.The cat is fat. Mary has a pig.The pig is big.Mary has a bat.The bat is on the mat.

I sayLet’s play.

Let’s play all day.Let’s play at the

bay.Let’s play on the

hay.

Dadby Wiley Blevins

Scholastic Phonics Readers

I am Dad.I am sad.I am mad.

I am a sad, mad Dad.Am I sad?Am I mad?

I am a glad Dad.

I Have a Coldby Grace Maccarone

Scholastic Hello Reader Level 1

I have a cold.My ears are stuffy.My nose is runny.My eyes are puffy.Ah-choo! Ah-choo!

I sneeze and sneeze.I blow my nose.

Excuse me, please.

all ar ea i-e ball dark eat bike fall park beat kite tall marker neat like mall market read drivesmall supermark

etteache

rwebsit

e