phonics julie phillippo. you will learn: why children are taught to read and write using phonics...

Phonics

Julie Phillippo

You will learn:

• Why children are taught to read and

write using phonics

• What phonics is all about

• How to pronounce some of the sounds

• Ideas for practising phonics at home

with your child in a fun way

Why phonics?

• Government requirement

• Gives children a way of decoding the

marks on paper we call writing

• The alternative – rely on visual

memory. (Seeing a word and

remembering its shape)

Phoneme• A unit of sound

• Phonics is about linking sounds to

written letters (graphemes)

• Spoken English is divided into about

42 phonemes.

• Phonics schemes are based on these

42 phonemes.

Teaching order

• Children are taught the phonemes in a certain order.

•s a t p i n• The first group of phonemes allows

them to make a number of CVC words. They can then start making their own words straight away.

Letters and Sounds – Reception

• Set 1: s a t p

• Set 2: i n m d

• Set 3: g o c k

• Set 4: ck e u r

• Set 5: h b f,ff l,ll ss

• Set 6: j v w x(ks)

• Set 7: y z,zz qu(kw)

• Check pronunciation of each phoneme

Segmentation and Blending

• Children are taught to segment words. That means that they break them up into their individual phonemes/ units of sound. e.g. c-a-t

• They are also taught to blend phonemes together to make words. (Sounding out a word.) This helps with reading.

Digraphs

• Some sounds are represented by two letters. These are called digraphs.

• e.g. sh, ch, ng, oo

• Some schemes also introduce children to trigraphs.

• igh, ear, ure

Digraphs and Trigraphs

ch - chip ar - farmsh - shop or – forth – thin/then ur - hurt

ure - sure ow - cowai – rain ee - feetng - sing oi - coinigh - night air - fairoo – book, spoon er - corner

Check pronunciation

Phoneme frame

• Segment the word.• Write one phoneme in each square.

•fish

•wing

f-i-sh

w-i-ng

frog f–r–o–g

brown b-r-ow-n

flag

f-l-a-g

s-t-airstair

night n-igh-t

Nursery – phase 1

• Children at nursery are taught to hear the phonemes first. They are generally not expected to write them in the early stages.

• Children spend a lot of time playing with sounds in nursery, so that by the time they get to reception, they are ready for phase 2.

Reception

• Children begin to pronounce the sounds themselves in response to seeing them written down. (phase 2)

• They are then taught the names of each letter of the alphabet. (phase 3)

• By phase 4 they are learning to blend adjacent consonants. e.g. fl, bl, sp, st

• Show video clip: Teaching phoneme/ grapheme correspondence h,g,b

Year 1 – phase 5

• Children are taught the alternative spellings for the long vowel sounds and split digraphs.

ie / y (tie sky)

Phase 6 - Year 2

• Children develop their knowledge of the English spelling system.

• e.g. prefixes, suffixes, silent letters

Tricky words

• There are a number of common words in English which do not work phonetically. Children are taught that these are ‘tricky’ words and they learn to sight read them.

• e.g. phase 2 – the, to, I, go, no

When talking to your child, use the sound the letter makes, not the name.

• ‘I spy with my little eye, something beginning with ‘a’.’

• Later in reception, children are taught the names of each letter. (The alphabet.)

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