phonetics course.pdf
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8/14/2019 Phonetics course.pdf
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ArticulatoryPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Articulatory Phonetics
Linguistics 201
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8/14/2019 Phonetics course.pdf
2/42
ArticulatoryPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Phonetics
Phoneticsis the study of speech. Articulatory phoneticsstudiesthe ways in which speech sounds are produced: it is a branch ofphysiology. Acoustic phoneticsstudies the physical
characteristics of the sound produced, and its perceptualcorrelates.
We start with articulatory phonetics.
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ArticulatoryPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Larynx
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4/42
ArticulatoryPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Vocal Folds and Glottis
-
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ArticulatoryPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Vocal Tract
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ArticulatoryPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
The IPA
The International Phonetic Association, founded in Paris in 1886by a group of language teachers led by Paul Passy, developed analphabet to be used in faithfully recording speech sounds. Manyof the symbols used in the alphabet came from anEnglish-specific phonetic alphabet that Henry Sweet (pictured)had devised to represent English speech.
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8/14/2019 Phonetics course.pdf
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ArticulatoryPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Guiding Principles
1. Each sign should have its own distinctive sound
2. The same sign should be used for the same sound across all
languages
3. As many ordinary roman letters should be used as possible,and the usage of new letters should be minimal
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ArticulatoryPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Transcription
Many symbols from the International Phonetic Alphabet(IPA) are the same symbols used in our orthography. Thesearent the same thing!
When a symbol is from the IPA, it is enclosed in squarebrackets: [ ]
Each IPA symbol corresponds to a phone: a single speechsound.
When speech is represented in the IPA, we say that we are
forming a phonetic transcription.
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ArticulatoryPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Parameters for describing consonants
Manner of articulation: how the gesture in the oral tractoccurs
Place of articulation: where in the oral tract the gesture
takes place
Nasality: whether or not the velum is lowered allowingvibrating air into the nasal cavity
Voicing: whether or not the vocal folds are vibrating
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ArticulatoryPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Stops
The manner of articulationstoprefers to phones made by
creating a complete blockage of the oral tract.
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ArticulatoryPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Bilabial Stops
[p] bilabial, voiceless, non-nasal: spam[b] bilabial, voiced, non-nasal: ban[m] bilabial, voiced, nasal: man
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ArticulatoryPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Alveolar Stops
[t] alveolar, voiceless, non-nasal: stand[d] alveolar, voiced, non-nasal: Dan[n] alveolar, voiced, nasal: tan
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ArticulatoryPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Velar Stops
[k] velar, voiceless, non-nasal: scan[g] velar, voiced, non-nasal: get[N] velar, voiced, nasal: sing
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ArticulatoryPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Glottal Stop
[P] glottal, voiceless, non-nasal: uh- oh
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ArticulatoryPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Fricatives
The manner of articulationfricativerefers to phones made bycreating a radical narrowing in the oral tract. Through that
radical narrow, a turbulence in the air-flow is created that makesa characteristic hissing sound.
A i l
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ArticulatoryPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Bilabial Fricatives
[F] bilabial, voiceless, non-nasal: Fuji (in Japanese)
[B] bilabial, voiced, non-nasal: deber (in Spanish)
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A tic latoD l F i i
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ArticulatoryPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Dental Fricatives
[T] dental, voiceless, non-nasal: thigh
[D] dental, voiced, non-nasal: the
ArticulatoryAl l F i ti
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ArticulatoryPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Alveolar Fricatives
[s] alveolar, voiceless, non-nasal: sit
[z] alveolar, voiced, non-nasal: zit
ArticulatoryAl l t l F i ti
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ArticulatoryPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Alveo-palatal Fricatives
[S] postalveolar, voiceless, non-nasal: mission
[Z] postalveolar, voiced, non-nasal: vision
ArticulatoryVelar Fricatives
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ArticulatoryPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Velar Fricatives
[x] velar, voiceless, non-nasal: Bach (in German)
[G] velar, voiced, non-nasal: gaan (in Dutch)
ArticulatoryGlottal Fricative
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t cu ato yPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Glottal Fricative
[h] glottal, voiceless, non-nasal, fricative: heap
ArticulatoryAffricates
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yPhonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Affricates
The manner of articulationaffricatearises in phones that
combine a stop gesture followed by a fricative.
ArticulatoryAlveo-Palatal Affricates
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Phonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Alveo-Palatal Affricates
[] alveo-palatal, voiceless, non-nasal: chime
[] alveo-palatal, voiced, non-nasal: jive
ArticulatoryApproximants
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Phonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Approximants
The manner of articulationApproximantrefers to speech sounds
that involve a less radical narrowing in the oral tract than isfound with fricatives, but greater than is found with vowels.
ArticulatoryPhPalatal Approximant
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Phonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Palatal Approximant
[j] palatal, voiced, non-nasal: yes
ArticulatoryPh iLabial Approximants
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Phonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Labial Approximants
[w] labio-velar, voiced, non-nasal: wad
[] labio-velar, voiceless, non-nasal: when
ArticulatoryPh eti sLateral Approximant
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Phonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
FricativesAffricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Lateral Approximant
[l] alveolar, voiced, lateral, non-nasal lad
ArticulatoryPhoneticsRetroflex Approximant
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Phonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
pp
[] alveolar, voiced, retroflex, non-nasal rad
ArticulatoryPhonetics
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Phonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
material/xraypage.webarchive
ArticulatoryPhoneticsArticulation of Vowels
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/material/xraypage.webarchivehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/material/xraypage.webarchive -
8/14/2019 Phonetics course.pdf
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Phonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
Tongue position: hi, mid, low, back, center, front
Tense versus Lax Rounding of lips
ArticulatoryPhoneticsFront Lax
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Phonetics
Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
[I] high, front, unrounded: rid[E] mid, front, unrounded: red
[] low, front, unrounded: rad
ArticulatoryPhoneticsCentral Lax
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Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
[1] high, central, unrounded: roses[@] mid, central, unrounded: Rosas
[2] low, central, unrounded: cut
ArticulatoryPhoneticsBack Lax
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Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
[U] high, back, rounded: put[O] mid, back, rounded: caught,
if different from cot
ArticulatoryPhoneticsFront Tense
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Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
[i] high, front, unrounded: beet(in European English)
[y] high, front, rounded: Bucher(in German)
[e] mid, front, unrounded: bait(in European English)
[] mid, front, rounded: schon(in German)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsCentral Tense
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Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
[a] low, central, unrounded: car (in Bostonian)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsBack Tense
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Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
[u] high, back, rounded: food(in European English)
[o] mid, back, rounded: boat(in European English)
[A] low, back, unrounded: cot
ArticulatoryPhoneticsFront Tense Diphthongs
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Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
[ij] high, front, unrounded: beet (in American English)
[eI] mid, front, unrounded: bait (in American English)
ArticulatoryPhoneticsCentral Tense Diphthongs
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8/14/2019 Phonetics course.pdf
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Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
[aI] low, central, unrounded: ice
[aU] low, central, rounded: blouse
ArticulatoryPhoneticsBack Tense Diphthongs
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Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
[uw] high, back, rounded: food (in American English)[ow] mid, back, rounded: boat (in American English)[OI] mid, back, rounded: boy
ArticulatoryPhoneticsPractice
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Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
[ f2nAl@Ists m2st kijp DeI Pijz spEktkjuwl1lij klijn ]
Phonologists must keep their ears spectacularly clean.
ArticulatoryPhoneticsPractice
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Linguistics201
Phonetics
Anatomy
The
International
Phonetic
Alphabet
Consonants
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Approximants
movie
Vowels
Lax Vowels
Tense Vowels
Diphthongs
Practice
[ juw maIt faInd D@ PAn laIn tuwtowij2lz An D@ kls wEbsaIthElpf2l. ]
You might find the on-line tutorials on the class website helpful.
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