philippe crist 05 11 13

£ £ The Economic Value of Cycling

Philippe Crist, International Transport Forum-OECD

Sport Leisure Utilitarian

Value of the cycling economy

Sales (bicycles and accessories), services, infrastructure, employment, tourism.

£53 billion (EU-2010)

Value of the cycling economy

ECF, 2013

• Employment: £514.9 million (+£106.5 taxes) ~23,415 jobs

• Bicycle and accessory sales: £2,478.2 million)

£2.9 billion (UK-2010)

Value of the cycling economy

LSE, 2012

Sport Leisure Utilitarian

In a city of many cyclists, why do they ride? Copenhageners’ reasons for cycling to and from work (multiple answers)

56% it’s faster 37% more convenient

29% healthy 26% inexpensive

12% well-being, good start to day 9% new job/ relocation

5% environmental concerns City of Copenhagen, 2012

is for people who want to go fast over short distances

10-15 km/hr Average speed in European urban centres at peak periods

15 km/hr (Lyon)

12-14 km/hr (Dublin)

Prudhomme and Bocarejo, 2005, City of Paris, 2012, Jensen et al, 2010

39% of all trips < 2 miles

Short Distance Trip Market: United Kingdom 2005-2010

DFT

67% of all trips < 5 miles

Short Distance Trip Market: United Kingdom 2005-2010

DFT

Short Distance Trip Market: United Kingdom 2005-2010

67% of all trips < 5 miles

37% Car share of all trips that are <5 miles

DFT

Short Distance Trip Market: United Kingdom 2005-2010

67% of all trips < 5 miles

37% Car share of all trips <5 miles

2% Bicycle share of all trips <5 miles

DFT

Short Distance Trip Market: United Kingdom 2005-2010

57% of all car trips are less than 5 miles

DFT

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Trip length (miles)

Mode Share by Trip Length Netherlands United Kingdom

DFT, SWOV, OVG/OViN

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

What mode was replaced by Shared Bicycle use?

ORBIS

is for people who cannot afford to be late

Reliability key performance indicator for urban traffic

At peak periods, small reductions in traffic deliver disproportionate reductions in congestion: -1% traffic calculated to reduce travel time for all by up to 18% (Boston-MIT)

Wang, P, et al, 2012: doi:10.1038/srep01001

is for shops who want steady return patronage

Shops benefit from an environment that is attractive, encourages return visits and maximises customer loyalty.

Who spends what in shops?

15.4 15.3

11.0 6.8

Revenue in Copenhagen shops and supermarkets by mode of transport (DKK billion/yr)

City of Copenhagen

Retail revenue per square foot and per hour of occupied parking (Melbourne)

$A 0.69

$A 0.19

Lee, 2008

is for people who value urban lifestlyes & choices

Jeff Judge, Co-founder and CEO

15 employees, 2,7M rev.

“The first thing I looked at was what the bike infrastructure was like. It’s so important to me. Cities that invest in biking infrastructure are going to win."

Tami Door, President, Downtown

Denver Partnership, Inc.

“The number one thing [tech companies] want is bike lanes. Ten years ago we never would have thought that walkability or bike lanes would be economic development tools”

“The benefit of a bike-friendly worksite is simply that these days, valuable workers seem to prefer it…. any company that doesn't include it in its company culture is making a mistake”

Jay Haladay, Owner and CEO, 450 employees,

$100 M rev.

a Viewpoint Construction Software Company

is for people who enjoy good health

on balance, the monetised benefits from improved health are up to

greater than the combined health

impacts of crashes and exposure to air pollution

20x

Making cyclists safe in the current traffic system?

Making the system safe for (new and existing) cyclists?

of Paris streets 30km or lower

Newcastle upon Tyne Tracks & Lanes

Antwerp, BE Tracks & Lanes

Bremen, DE Tracks & Lanes

Nantes, FR Tracks & Lanes

Sevilla, ES Tracks & Lanes

Copenhagen, DK Tracks & Lanes

Infrastructure costs

0.4 Million USD/km. Copenhagen (2009)

1.6 Million USD/km. Copenhagen (2009)

City of Copenhagen, 2012 NACTO, 2012

£18.7 per capita per year

City of Copenhagen’s annual cycling infrastructure and maintenance budget

City of Copenhagen,

Antw

erp,

BE

Brem

en, D

E

Nan

tes,

FR

Sevi

lle, E

S

Cope

nhag

en, D

K

New

cast

le up

on T

yne

1% (2010)

26% (2012)

7% (2013)

5% (2012)

25% (2008)

23% (2010)

41% Newcastle households with no car

UK Census 2011

On balance: benefits and costs

13:1 average benefit to cost ratio (UK and non UK)

8-33% Rates of return for cyclist bridge and intersection re-design in Copenhagen

Sensitive to context, assumptions (health, modal transfer) and costs – but….

ECF, 2013, Cavill et al, 2008, City of Copenhagen