pests & pesticides

Pests & PesticidesPests & Pesticides

ES 302 - Ch 3 ES 302 - Ch 3

Please take out your study guidePlease take out your study guide

PesticidesPesticides Any substance/mixture to prevent, destroy, Any substance/mixture to prevent, destroy,

repel or mitigate any pestrepel or mitigate any pest ““plant regulator, defoliant, dessicant” – US Lawplant regulator, defoliant, dessicant” – US Law

What’s a What’s a pestpest?? Organisms that occur where & when they’re not Organisms that occur where & when they’re not

wanted Avicides, insecticides, fungicides, wanted Avicides, insecticides, fungicides, nematicides, herbicidesnematicides, herbicides

Designed to Kill – which are pesticides?Designed to Kill – which are pesticides? Rat poison, black light trap, chlorine in Rat poison, black light trap, chlorine in

your pool, pheromonesyour pool, pheromones

Pros & ConsPros & Cons

Pros & Cons Pros & Cons

ProsPros Preserve crops Preserve crops

During growthDuring growth

During storageDuring storage

Improves cropsImproves crops Quality of cropsQuality of crops

Quantity of cropsQuantity of crops

Prevents diseasePrevents disease

ConsCons Might kill other Might kill other

organisms (7/8 insects organisms (7/8 insects are not pests)are not pests) ““broad-spectrum” vs. broad-spectrum” vs.

selectiveselective

Superbugs

Some are persistent Some are persistent

Can be toxic Can be toxic

Developing Resistance

See Fig. on pg. 253 in book – what’s wrong with the book’s explanation?

Pesticide Treadmill:Pesticide Treadmill:

PersistencePersistence

Why is it good? Why is it good? Why is it bad?Why is it bad? How does it happen?How does it happen?

Carried by wind and water, remains in soilEasily dissolve in fat,

stored

Biomagnification/BioaccumulationBiomagnification/Bioaccumulation

Concentration Concentration of pesticide of pesticide increases as increases as you move up you move up the food chainthe food chain

How does this How does this relate to the relate to the Rule of 10%?Rule of 10%?

http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/stories/the_age_of_ambivalence/02.ST.06/?scene=2

http://www.mcgrawhill.ca/school/applets/bcscience7/bioaccumulation/

Pesticides and ADHD

http://articles.cnn.com/2010-05-17/health/pesticides.adhd_1_pesticide-exposure-organophosphates-fruits-and-vegetables/2?_s=PM:HEALTHhttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/Gabby+Jhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zC6FcurW40g

Beneficial InsectsBeneficial Insects http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Kristen+J http://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+Sean+Bowers

SuperbugsSuperbugs http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Ben+H http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Evan+S

ADHD, allergiesADHD, allergies http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Lefevre http://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+Sue+Mun http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Sara+T

BiopesticidesBiopesticides http://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+doug+b http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+JustinR

Types of PesticidesTypes of Pesticides Chemical PesticidesChemical Pesticides

FYI: Organophosphates, carbamates, FYI: Organophosphates, carbamates, organochloridesorganochlorides

BiopesticidesBiopesticides FYI: microbial (Bt), plant-incorporated protectants FYI: microbial (Bt), plant-incorporated protectants

(transgenics), biochemical (pheromones)’, (transgenics), biochemical (pheromones)’, predatory insects (ladybugs)predatory insects (ladybugs)

Pest control devicesPest control devices FYI: traps, sticky paper, black lightFYI: traps, sticky paper, black light

DDTDDT

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQ64sV0nSVU – DDT (2:55)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7Lr1pCEcNU – chlordane persistent (1:44)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uf6KkjBCoVU – sprayed on children (0:31)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Y-6hm7zpps – Rachel Carson (0:36)http://www.owlcorner.net/OwlCornerHome/BioAccumGame_files/Silent%20Spring.mov – spraying on people

dichlor-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane

Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide

Persistence and Biomagnification

Banned in 1972, but still found in 96% of samples

Used extensively in WWII

Thin eagle shells

Alternatives to chemicalsAlternatives to chemicals

Biological PesticidesBiological Pesticides

AndAnd

Changing Farming PracticesChanging Farming Practices

Pathogens - bacteria, protozoa, fungus Pathogens - bacteria, protozoa, fungus

Chemicals from plants Chemicals from plants

Release predatory organismsRelease predatory organisms

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMG-LWyNcAs

Prevent Breeding / Birth Control Prevent Breeding / Birth Control

Plant companion cropsPlant companion crops

IPMIPM

Integrated Pest ManagementIntegrated Pest Management “…“…the coordinated use of pest and the coordinated use of pest and

environmental information with available environmental information with available pest control methods to prevent pest control methods to prevent unacceptable levels of pest damage by the unacceptable levels of pest damage by the most economical means and with the least most economical means and with the least possible hazard to people, property, and possible hazard to people, property, and the environment.” - EPAthe environment.” - EPA

AKA: common senseAKA: common sense

Integrated Pest Management Integrated Pest Management includes...includes...

1.1. Biological pest controlBiological pest control

2.2. Mix of farming practicesMix of farming practices

3.3. Chemical pesticidesChemical pesticides

If IPM is common sense, why doesn’t If IPM is common sense, why doesn’t everyone use it?everyone use it?

Steps of IPMSteps of IPM

1.1. INSPECT AND INVESTIGATE INSPECT AND INVESTIGATE

2.2. IDENTIFY AND LEARNIDENTIFY AND LEARN

3.3. MONITORMONITOR

4.4. IS IT WORTH IT? IS IT WORTH IT?

5.5. CHOOSE CONTROL METHODSCHOOSE CONTROL METHODS

6.6. EVALUATEEVALUATE