pert 11 software testing techniques
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Chapter 17Software Testing Techniques
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Software Testing
Testing is the process of exercising aprogram with the specific intent of finding
errors prior to delivery to the end user.
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Testability
Operabilityit operates cleanly
Observability
the results of each test case arereadily observed
Controllabilitythe degree to which testing canbe automated and optimized
Decomposabilitytesting can be targeted
Simplicityreduce complex architecture andlogic to simplify tests
Stability
few changes are requested duringtesting
Understandabilityof the design
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Operabilitas
Semakin baik dia bekerja, semakin efisien dia
dapat diujiSistem mpy bug menambah analisis dan
biaya pelaporan ke proses pengujian
Tidak ada bug yang memblok eksekusipengujian
Produk berkembang di tahap fungsional(memungkinkan pengembangan dan
pengujian secara simultan)
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Observabilitas
Apa yang anda lihat adalah apa yang anda uji
Output yang berbeda dikeluarkan olehmasing2 input
Tahap dan variabel sistem dpat
dilihat/diantrikan selama eksekusiOutput yang tidak benar dapat diidentifikasi
dengan mudah
Kesalahan internal dilaporkan scr otomatis
Kode sumber dapat diakses
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
What Testing Shows
errors
requirements conformance
performance
an indicationof quality
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Who Tests the Software?
developer independent tester
Understands the system
but, will test "gently"
and, is driven by "delivery"
Must learn about the system,
but, will attempt to break it
and, is driven by quality
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Exhaustive Testing
loop < 20 X
There are 10 possible paths! If we execute onetest per millisecond, it would take 3,170 years totest this program!!
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Selective Testing
loop < 20 X
Selected path
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Test Case Design
"Bugs lurk in cornersand congregate atboundaries ..."
Bo ris Beizer
OBJECTIVE
CRITERIA
CONSTRAINT
to uncover errors
in a complete manner
with a minimum of effort and time
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
White-Box Testing
... our goal is to ensure that allstatements and conditions have
been executed at least once ...
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Why Cover?
logic errors and incorrect assumptionsare inversely proportional to a path'sexecution probability
we often believe that a path is notlikely to be executed; in fact, reality isoften counter intuitive
typographical errors are random; it'slikely that untested paths will containsome
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Basis Path Testing
First, we compute the cyclomaticcomplexity:
number of simple decisions + 1
or
number of enclosed areas + 1
In this case, V(G) = 4
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Cyclomatic Complexity
A number of industry studies have indicatedthat the higher V(G), the higher the probabilityor errors.
V(G)
modules
modules in this range are
more error prone
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Basis Path TestingNext, we derive theindependent paths:
Since V(G) = 4,there are four paths
Path 1: 1,2,3,6,7,8
Path 2: 1,2,3,5,7,8Path 3: 1,2,4,7,8Path 4: 1,2,4,7,2,4,...7,8
Finally, we derive testcases to exercise thesepaths.
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Basis Path Testing Notes
you don't need a flow chart,but the picture will help whenyou trace program paths
count each simple logical test,
compound tests count as 2 ormore
basis path testing should beapplied to critical modules
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Loop Testing
NestedLoops
ConcatenatedLoops UnstructuredLoops
Simpleloop
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Loop Testing: Simple Loops
Min imum cond i t ions
Simple Loop s
1. skip the loop entirely
2. only one pass through the loop
3. two passes through the loop
4. m passes through the loop m < n5. (n-1), n, and (n+1) passes throughthe loop
where n is the maximum number
of allowable passes
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Loop Testing: Nested Loops
Start at the innermost loop. Set all outer loops to theirminimum iteration parameter values.
Test the min+1, typical, max-1 and max for theinnermost loop, while holding the outer loops at theirminimum values.
Move out one loop and set it up as in step 2, holding all
other loops at typical values. Continue this step untilthe outermost loop has been tested.
If the loops are independent of one anotherthen treat each as a simple loopelse* treat as nested loops
endif*for example, the f inal loop co un ter value of loop 1 isused to ini t ia l ize loop 2.
Nested L oop s
Concatenated Loops
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Black-Box Testing
requirements
eventsinput
output
Black Bo Testing
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Black Box Testing
Menemukan kesalahan dalam kategori:Fungsi-fungsi yang tidak benar/hilang
Kesalahan interface
Kesalahan struktur data/akses databaseeksternal
Kesalahan kinerja
Inisialisasi dan kesalahan transmisi
Black Box Testing
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Black Box Testing
Pengujian didesain untuk menjawab pertanyan2
berikut: Bagaimana validitas fungsional diuji?
Kelas input apa yang akan membuat test casemenjadi baik?
Apakah sistem sangat sensitif terhadap nilai inputtertentu?
Bagaimana batasan dari suatu data diisolasi
Kecepatan data apa dan volume data apa yangdapat ditolerir oleh sistem?
Apa pengaruh kombinasi tertentu dari dataterhadap operasi sistem?
Pengujian untuk Aplikasi
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Pengujian untuk Aplikasidan Lingkungan Khusus
Pengujian GUI
Pengujian Arsitektur Client/Server
Pengujian Dokumentasi dan Fasilitas Help
Pengujian Sistem Real Time
Equivalence Partitioning:
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These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, 5/e and areprovided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright 1996, 2001
Equivalence Partitioning:Sample Equivalence
Classes
user supplied commands
responses to system prompts
file namescomputational data
physical parameters
bounding valuesinitiation valuesoutput data formattingresponses to error messagesgraphical data (e.g., mouse picks)
data outside bounds of the programphysically impossible data
proper value supplied in wrong place
Valid d ata
Inval id data
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