personal information:- sheikh mohsin jameel (1421-311070) waseem akhter (1421-1111111) masud...
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PERSONAL INFORMATION:-
SHEIKH MOHSIN JAMEEL(1421-311070)
WASEEM AKHTER(1421-1111111)
MASUD(1421-1111111)
SHUJAT(1421-1111111)
PRESTON UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.
CHAPTER 4:
ETHERNET
ETHERNET:-
Definition Connetion of number of system.
Background 1972 Robert Metcalf David Boffs at Xeror
PRODUCTION OF ETHERNET:
First Ethernet Specification 100 computers at 3 Mbps
1990 Ethernet Specification IEEE 802.3 specification at 10 Mbps
HOW ETHERNET WORKS:
Ethernet access: CSMA/CD
Example: Old party-line telephone system.
ETHERNET CABLING SYSTEM:
10 Mbps Ethernet: 10base5 or thicknet 10base2 or thinnet 10baseT or twisted pair 10baseFL or fiber optics
100 Mbps Ethernet: 100VG-Any LAN 100BaseT Ethernet
10Mbps Ethernet:
10base5 Ethernet: Specifications:
Disadvantages: Large size High cost Connection method
Maximum segment length 500 meters
Maximum taps 100
Maximum segments 5
Maximum segments with nodes 3
Maximum distance between taps 2.5 meters
Maximum repeaters 4
Maximum overall length with repeaters
2.5 kilometers
Maximum AUI drop cable length 50 meters
10BASE2 ETHERNET:
Specifications:
Disadvantages: Network gets failure by any single broken node High cost compared to UTP cable Network unreliable due to BUS configuration
Maximum segment length 185 meters
Maximum segments 5
Maximum segments with nodes 3
Maximum repeaters 4
Maximum overall length with repeaters
925 meters
Maximum devices per segment 30
10BASET ETHERNET:
Specifications:
Maximum segment length 100 meters
Maximum segments 1024
Maximum segments with nodes 1024
Maximum nodes per segment 2
Maximum nodes per network 1024
Maximum hubs in a chain 4
10BASEFL ETHERNET:
Specifications:
Maximum segment length 2000 meters
Maximum segments 1024
Maximum segments with nodes 1024
Maximum nodes per segment 2
Maximum nodes per network 1024
Maximum hubs in a chain 4
100Mbps Ethernet:
100VG-AnyLAN Ethernet: Specifications:
100VG-AnyLAN 100baseVG VG AnyLAN
Advantages: It is faster It supports both Ethernet and Token Ring packets It uses a demand priority access method that allows for
two priority levelsHubs can filter individually addressed frames for
enhanced privacy
Note: Categories 3,4 and 5 twisted pair and fiber optics can
be use. Uses Star topology and defines how child hubs can be
connected The length of any two segments must not exceed 250
meters
100baseT Ethernet:
Specifications:
100baseT4 (categories 3,4 or 5 UTP or STP)100baseTX (category 5 UTP or STP)100baseFX (fiber-optic cable)
Note:
100baseX has the same advantages and drawbacks as 10baseT.
Token Ring:
Definition: IEEE 802.5 standard Topology physically like a star Logically a ring topology
Background: Developed by IBM as a robust Highly reliable network Complex than Ethernet Self-healing and properties
TOKEN RING:HUBS:
Categories: MAU(Multi-station Access Unit) MSAU(Multi-station Smart Access Unit) SMAU(Smart Multi-station Access unit)
Card Addressing and Settings:
Unique address maximum two cards installation in single workstation Uses DIP switch settings cable connects 9-pin female connector 4 wires are required to make the connection to each card as UTP cable connection
Token Ring:
Specifications:
Cable type UTP,STP or fiber-optic
Maximum MSAUs 33
Maximum nodes 260
Maximum distance between node and MSAU
45.5 m(UTP),100 m(STP or fiber-optic cable)
Maximum patch cable distance connecting MSAUs
2.5 meters
Maximum cumulative patch cable distance connecting all MSAUs
121.2 meters(UTP), Fiber-optic cabling can span several kilometers.
How token ring works:-
Token passing NAUN(nearest active up-neighbour) NADN(nearest active down-neighbour) Active monitors Standby Monitors Beaconing
Advantages:-
reliable under heavy load built-in diagnostic and recovery mechanisms connecting a LAN to an IBM mainframe easier fault-tolerance features through ring wrap
Disadvantages:-
token ring cards and equipments are expensive very difficult to troubleshoot and requires expertise
FDDI(FIBER DISTRIBUSTED DATA INTERFACE):
DEFINITION: Ring-based network Implemented without hubs Uses devices called concentrators Uses fiber optics to implement very fast, reliable network
How FDDI works:-
Token passing scheme FDDI token passing Transmitting frames Synchronous frames Multi-frame dialogs Dual counter- rotating rings
ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode):
Definition: Standard switching techniques Uses asynchronous time-division multi-plexing
Types of Network traffic: Audio(Voice telephone over short and long distances) Video (Cable television) Data (Computer communications in LAN and WAN enviroments)
How ATM works:-
ATM communicates with cells 53 octets long each cell Indicates the path the data will flow through Small cells are used to minimize the latency and make it easy to process
Two types of ATM network:-
Permanent Virtual Circuit(PVC) set-up once allows communication between two devices
Switching d Virtual Circuit (SVC) temporarily set-up just for duration of communication
Classes of service for ATM:
Circuit emulation with constant bit rateAudio and/or video with a variable bit rateConnection-oriented service for data transmissionConnectionless service for data transmission
Data transmission speed for ATM:
Name Description
T1 Carrier 1.544 Mbps using conventional telephone transmission
ATM-25 25 Mbps over twisted-pair copper wire
T3 Carrier 44.736 Mbps using conventional telephone transmission
OC- 1SONET 51 Mbps transmission over optical fiber
OC- 3 SONET 155 Mbps transmission over optical fiber
OC- 12 SONET 622 Mbps transmission over optical fiber
OC- 48 SONET 2.4 Gbps transmission over optical fiber
Apple Talk:
Definition: Networking architecture Built into every Macintosh computer Introduced in 1983
Types of AppleTalk:
LocalTalk EtherTalk and TokenTalk Appleshare Zones
ARCNET:
Definition: Widely-installed local area network Managing line sharing among the workstations
ARC net Environment:
Classified as a local area network or LAN Introduced as an office automation LAN by Data point Corporation
How ARC net works:-
ArcNet uses a token-passing access method Star-bus topology passing data at 2.5 Mbps Supports data transmission rates of 20 Mbps ArcNet is a token-passing architecture
THANKYOU
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