pericardium anatomy
Post on 03-Jun-2015
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PERICARDIUM ANATOMYShahd AlAli
Located in the middle mediastinum It’s a double walled fibroserous
membrane Fibrous pericardium “embryological
origin”, collagen and elastic fibers Serous pericardium “mesothelium”
partial visceral “epicardium”
Pericardial fluid volume & pressure
The functions of the pericardium: • Maintains the
position of the heart
• Barrier to infections
• Lubrication between visceral and partial layers
Pericardial Sinuses
Transverse sinuous Oblique sinuous
Development of the Pericardial Sinuous
• The oblique sinuses separates the esophagus from the left atrium
Surgical Significance of Transverse Pericardial Sinuous
coronary artery bypass grafting
surgical clumps
Relations of the Pericardium
• Anterior • Inferior • Lateral
Posterior Relations DATET5-T8
Attachments
Superiorly tunica adventitia (perivascular connective tissue)
Inferiorly to the diaphragm Sternum attachment Posterior by loose connective tissue
Affected by their movement
Arterial Supply
Mainly from the pericardiophrenic artery
Smaller contribution from the Musclophrenic artery Bronchial artery Esophageal Superior phrenic artery Coronary artery supplies the visceral
layer ONLY
Venous drainage
Pericardiophrenic veins Azygos venous system
Innervations
Phrenic nerve (C3-C5) sensory fibers
Partial & Fibrous “Sensitive to pain”
Vagus nerve & Sympathetic (vasomotor)
Cardiac Tamponade
Clinical ~
Pericardiocentesis: Parasternalleft 5th or 6th intercostal spaces.
Subxiphoidal approach
Thoracocentesis ???
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