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SWrucWural Analysis of HisWorical ConsWrucWions – Jerzy Jasieńko (ed) © 2012 DPNH ProcławH PolandH ISSN 0860-2395H ISBN 978-83-7125-216-7

pbfpMfC pTobNdTebNfNd lc TfMBbo ollc pTorCTrobpW A CApb pTrav Maria Adelaide marisiNI Claudio ChesiOI Chiara qardiniPI crancesca Altamura4 ABpToACT qhe= rçle= çf= strengthening= interventiçns= çn= the= seismic= vulnerability= çf= timber= rççf= structures= is=investigated=here=thrçugh=a=detailed=analysis=çf=the=seismic=respçnse=fçr=the=case=çf==a=church=that=had=been= damaged= in= the= i’Aquila= OMMV= earthquake.= qhe= rççf= area= had= undergçne= substantial=strengthening= in= a= recent= past.= qhe= respçnse= çf= the= çriginal= structure= and= çf= the= reinfçrced= çne=are=evaluated=and=cçmpared=fçr=grçund=mçtiçns=derived=frçm=the=i’Aquila=earthquake.=aifferent=types=çf=strengthening= interventiçnsI= less= invasive=and= mçre= cçmpatible= with= current= restçratiçn=criteriaI= are=alsç=cçnsidered.===heywords: qimber roofsI Seismic strengtheningI Seismic vulnerability NK fNTolarCTflN==fn= the= seismic= strengthening= çf= traditiçnal= buildingsI= avçiding= the= replacement= çf= timber= rççf=structures= = and= adçpting= wherever= pçssible= less= invasive= rehabilitatiçn= techniques= is= nçwadays=cçnsidered=a= better= çptiçn.= fndeedI= several= cases= çf= extended=damage=and=cçllapse=in=buildings= that=had=undergçne=massive=interventiçns=have=been=çbserved.=qhe=ftalian=natiçnal=design=cçdeI=issued=in=OMMUJOMMVI= has= recçgnized= this= prçblem= and= adçpted= a= new= apprçachI= specifying= that= the= çriginal=timber=rççfs=are=usually=mçre=cçmpatible=in=terms=çf=mass=and=stiffness=with=the=suppçrting=masçnry=walls= in= traditiçnal=masçnry=buildings=and= indicating= that= interventiçns= shçuld=preserve=the=çriginal=cçnceptual=design=çf=the=rççf=when=valid.=fn=this=perspective=çf=cçnservatiçnI=a=methçdçlçgy=fçr=assessing=the=seismic=vulnerability=assçciated=tç=timber=rççf=structures=was=set=up=by=the=authçrsI=as=a=tççl=fçr=pçinting=çut=pçssible=faults=and=critical=features= that= may= be= present= in= these= structures= and= fçr= suppçrting= decisiçn= çn= whether= and= where=interventiçns=wçuld=be=necessary=xNJ4z.=qhe=assessment=prçcedure=cçnsists=in=examining=the=structure=accçrding=tç=a=cçdified=visual=inspectiçnI=and=evaluating=frçm=the=cçllected=data=a=series=çf=factçrs=that=may= be= taken= as= vulnerability= indicatçrs.= Amçng= theseI= the= presence= çf= previçusly= perfçrmed=strengthening=interventiçnsI=çriginally=carried=çut=fçr=imprçving=the=respçnseI=may=becçme=a=sçurce=çf=vulnerabilityI= depending=çn= the=mçdality=çf= realizatiçn.=`riteria= fçr= evaluating= this= indicatçr= are=still=under= develçpment.= Assessing= the= effect= çf= a= strengthening= interventiçn= isI= indeedI= a= difficult= task.=aetailed=investigatiçns=çf=the=respçnse=çf=real=cases=are=necessary=in=çrder=tç=cçnstitute=a=significant=basis=fçr=àudgement.=fn= the=wçrk=presented=hereI= the= case= çf= the= rççf= structure=çf= the= church=çf=pan=Biagiç= Amiternç= at=i’AquilaI =ftalyI =is =examined. =fn =the =i’Aquila =regiçnI =highJimpact =interventiçns =at =çr =near =the =rççfI =perfçrmed=esplicitly==fçr=seismic=strengtheningI=had=been=very=pçpular=in=the=past=and=may=be=fçund=in=several=buildings=xRz.=jçst=times=a=strçng=cçncrete=ring=beam=was=cast=at=the=tçp=çf=the=masçnry=walls=suppçrting=the=rççf.=lftenI=in=mçnumental=buildingsI=cçncrete=and=brick=slabs=were=cast=çver=the=rççf=pents= with= the= purpçse= çf= stiffening= the= rççf= and= enhance= the= diaphragm=effect.= içads= çn= the= rççf=structure=underneat=were=increased=cçnsequently.=

================================================N=Assçciate=mrçfessçrI=mçlitecnicç=di=jilançI=maria.parisi]pçlimi.it=O=mrçfessçrI=mçlitecnicç=di=jilançI=claudiç.chesi]pçlimi.it=P=oesearch=AssçciateI=mçlitecnicç=di=jilançI=chiara.tardini]pçlimi.it=4=bngineering=draduateI=mçlitecnicç=di=jilançI=francesca.altamura]mail.pçlimi.it=

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qhe=church=çf=pan=BiagiçI=which=had=undergçne=such=interventiçnI=was=seriçusly=damaged=during=the=OMMV=earthquake.=qhe==damage=inspectiçn==çperatiçns=and=the=subsequent=repair=wçrks=tç=the=building=çffered= the= çccasiçn= tç= access= and= examine= in= detail= the= rççf= structure= in= its= çriginal= layçut= and=subsequent= mçdificatiçns.= qhe= structural= cçnditiçn= çf= the= rççf= at= the= time= çf= the= earthquake= is=cçrrelated= in= this= wçrk= tç= the=çbserved=behaviçr.=qhe=respçnse= is= alsç=analyzed=cçnsidering=pçssible=variatiçns= in= the= design= çf= the= strengthening= interventiçnI= as= well= as= the= çriginal= unmçdified= rççf= =structureI=supplying=a=base=çf=results=cçvering=different=pçssible=situatiçns.==OK Teb olib lc pTobNdTebNfNd fNTbosbNTflNp fN sriNboABfifTv =fnterventiçns=mçdifying=the=initial=design=çf=a=rççf=structure=are=çften=fçund.=qhese=may=date=back=tç=very= different= periçdsI= and= were= usually= carried= çut= in= çrder= tç= eliminate= initial= cçnceptual= errçrsI=which=are=nçt=rare=in=cçnstructiçns=mçstly=based=çn=traditiçnal=practice=and=experience.==jçst=interventiçns=are=addressed=tç=imprçve=statics=in=generalI=with=particular=reference=tç=vertical=lçadsI=fçr=instance=remediating=situatiçns=with=unrestrained=thrusts.=bven=if=nçt=directly=designed=fçr=the=seismic=caseI=and=if=cçrrectly=executedI=their=effect=is=necessarily=pçsitive=çn=seismic=vulnerability=as=well.=rnfçrtunatelyI= mçdificatiçns= that= may= induce=vulnerability= are= alsç=pçssible.= qhis= is= the= case=whenI=againI=the=main=çbàective=çf=the= interventiçn=dçes=nçt=cçnsider=the=effect=çf=hçrizçntal=lçads=and=the=characteristics= çf= seismic= actiçn.= jçdificatiçns= that= actually= reduce= the= stiffness= in= çne= directiçn=unbalancing= the= respçnseI= çr= prçduce= lçcally= eccessive= stiffness= have= been= fçund.= qhe= increased=masses=and= the=abnçrmal=rise= in=stiffness= in=strengthening= interventiçns= carried= çut= accçrding= tç= the=criteria =adçpted =in =the =last =part =çf = =the =OMth= century=have=been=suspectedI= and=sçmetimes=prçvenI= tç=trigger= failure.= An= example= çf= these= interventiçns= cçncerned= the= rççf= çf= the= church= çf= p.= Biagiç=AmiternçI= damaged= during= the=i’AquilaI= ftalyI= earthquake= çf= = April= SI= OMMVI= and= discussed= in= this=wçrk.= A= heavy= cçncrete= slab= had= been= laid= with= the= aim= at= cçllabçrating= with= the= çriginal= rççf=structure=and=at=cçnstituting=a=stiff=link=between=walls.=qhis=kind=çf=interventiçn=was=truly=intended=tç=imprçve= the= seismic= respçnse= with= cçnsciçus= mçdificatiçn= çf= parameters= and= even= design= cçde=guidance=and=isI= therefçreI=difficult= tç=evaluate=in=terms=çf=vulnerability=variatiçn.=mçsitive=effects=dç=existI=in=parallel=with=the=pçssibility=çf=excessive=perfçrmance=çf=the=upgraded=structure=with=respect=tç=the=rest=çf=the=buildingI=in=particular=çf=the=rççf=suppçrting=walls.=qhe=final=balance=seems=tç=depend=strçngly=çn=the=cçntext.==qhis=wçrkI=examining=a=specific=caseI=is=intended=tç=prçvide=results=that=may=çffer=sçme=first=guidance=in=the=assessment=çf=this=kind=çf= interventiçn=and=çf=the=cçrrespçnding=vulnerability= indicatçr.=lnly=frçm= cçnsideratiçn= çf= several= situatiçns= a= mçre= definite= and= pçssibly= parameterJbased= assessment=criteriçn=will=be=pçssible.===3K Teb CeroCe lc pK BfAdfl AMfTboNl ANa Teb bAoTenrAhb lc OMMV =qhe=church=çf==p.=Biagiç=Amiternç=is=lçcated=in=the=histçrical=tçwn=center=çf=i’Aquila=and=dates=back=tç=the=first=part=çf=the=NPth=century.=ft=suffered=severe=damage=frçm=earthquakes=at=different=times=çf=its=existence=and=was=rebuilt=after=each.==qhe=stçne=masçnry=church=is=built=as=part=çf=a=cçmplex=çf=aggregated=buildings.==qhe=plan=is=currently=cçmpçsed=çf=three=navesI=the=çuter=çnes=çrganized=in=chapels=and=having=a=smaller=height==with=respect=tç =the =central =çne. =thile =the =latter =is =cçvered =with =a =thin =frescçed =barrel =vaultI =built =with =mçrtar =reinfçrced=with=reeds= accçrding= tç=a= traditiçnal= lçcal= cçnstructiçn= techniqueI= at= the=side=naves= each=chapel=is=cçvered=with=a=thin=brick=spherical=dçme.=qhe=transept=is=shçrt=and=is=surmçunted=by=a=lçwJrise=elliptical=vault.=As=a= resultsI=while=abçve=the=dçmes=çf= the= lateral=naves= there= is=a=simple=single=pent=rççfI=the=main=rççf=structureI=cçmpçsed=çf=a=series=çf=trussesI=is=laid=çver=the=central=nave=area.==qhe=main=damage=çbserved=in=the=i’Aquila=earthquake=is=the=çutJçfJplane=cçllapse=çf=the=upper=part=çf=the= façade= and= çf= the= cçrrespçnding= internal= clçsureI= with= debris= cumulated= çutside= and= inside= the=church.=cigure=N=shçws=the=façade=befçre=and=after= the=earthquake.=cailure=çccurred=accçrding=tç=an=çutJçfJplane=mechanism.= fn=the=interiçrI= lçcal=cçllapse=çccurred=at=different=pçints=çf= the=barrel=vault=çn=the=main=nave.=qhis=appeared=tç=be=a=punching=damageI=likely=due=tç=debris=falling=frçm=the=rççf=area=and=breaking=thrçugh.===Again=in=the=interiçrI=widespread=cracking=was=present= in=different=areasI=with=larger=çr=smaller=crack=width=and=depthI=as=described=in=xSz.==fn=particularI=all=the=spherical=dçmes=çver=the=chapels=suffered=a=circular= crack=near= the=baseX= the=arches= between= chapels= were= cracked= at= the= keyI= in= a= system= çf=

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intercçnnected=cracklinesX=cracks=were=present=in=the=cçlumns=and=in=the=chapel=walls.=qhe=system=çf=cracks= tçgether= with= the= tympanum= failure= clearly= all= indicating= that= the= main= mçvement= çf= the=building=had=çccurred=in=the=lçngitudinal=directiçn.==

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cigK N=qhe=façade=çf=san=Biagiç=AmiternçI=i’AquilaI=befçre=and=after=the=OMMV=earthquakeI=at=left==and=at=rightI=respectively=

=cçr= histçrical= reasçnsI= the= church= had= periçds= çf= prçsperity= alternated= with= periçds= çf= degradatiçn.=`çnsequentlyI= the=building=was=subàected=tç=repeated=restçratiçns.=qhe=twç=mçst= recent= interventiçns=date=tç=the=eighties=çf=the=OMth=century=and=tç=the=very=beginning=çf=the=ONst=century.=fn=bçth=cases=the=çperatiçns=regarded=alsç=the=rççf=structure=and=areI=therefçreI=çf=particular=interest=in=this=wçrk.=At=presentI= the=church= is=under= repair= fçr= the=damage= suffered= in= the=earthquakeX= this= çperatiçn=has= =included=the=remçval=and=substitutiçn=çf=the=rççf=structure=in=çrder=tç=eliminate=as=well=the=results=çf=the=massive=strengthening=interventiçn=described=in=the=fçllçwing.=qhe=rççf=area=cçuld=be=examined=in=detail=befçre=it=was=dismantled=and=remçved.=puch=survey=has=supplied=the=data=used=in=this=wçrk.==3KNK The original roof structure qhe= timber= rççf= structure= that= was= present= at= the= time= çf= the= earthquake= cçuld= be= dated= tç= the=beginning=çf=the=NUth=centuryI=accçrding=tç=histçrical=studies=xTz.=fn=the=year=NTMP=a=strçng=earthquake=hit=i’Aquila=and=badly=damaged=mçst=çf=its=mçnuments.=qhe=church=çf=pan=Biagiç=was=recçnstructed=and=a=new=rççf=was=laid.=qhe=rççf=structure=underwent=restçratiçns=and=strengthening=interventiçns=at=different= times=as=described= in= the=fçllçwing=subsectiçnsI=but= basically=reached=the=year= OMMV= in= its=çriginal=shape=and=materials.===

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cigK O=qhe=rççf=structure=çf=pan=Biagiç=EleftF=and=an=example=çf=retained=chçrd=ErightF==qhe=rççf=cçnsidered=cçvers=the=main=nave=with=a=series=çf=NO=king=pçst=trussesI=with=a=span=çf=NN.U=m=and=at= an= interval=çf=O.P= m.=crçm=the= last= truss= three=raftersI=çne=çrthçgçnal= tç=the=truss=and=twç=in=

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diagçnal==directiçnsI=descend=tç=fçrm=pents=çver= the=apse=area.=qhe=quality=çf=fabricatiçn=çf=the=truss=members= is= gççdI= with= well= prçpçrtiçned= crçss= sectiçnsI= remarkably= cçnstant= alçng= the= elementX=elements=fçr=stress=relief=are=present=at=the=intersectiçn=çf=struts=and=rafters=Ecig.=OI=leftFI=and=a=timber=plate=extends=under= the=chçrd=at= the=suppçrts.=jçst= interestinglyI=chçrds=are=restrained=at= their= ends=with=elements=prçtruding=çn=the=çuter= face=çf= the=walls= and=blçcked=with=a= studI=a=detail=present= in=many=heritage=buildings= çf= the=area.= fndentatiçns= in= àçints= appear= accurateI=but=nç=cçnnectçrs= seem=present.= qhe= àçint= area= is= difficult= tç= inspectI= being=partially= enclçsed= in= the= masçnryI= prçbably= by=interventiçns=subsequent=tç=the=çriginal=cçnstructiçn.=qhe=timber=used=is=mçst=likely=chestnut.=A=particular= situatiçn=fçr= the=trusses= stems= frçm=the=presence=çf= the=barrel=vault.=qhe=vaultI= built= with=reeds= cçvered=with=mçrtarI= was=structured=with=exteriçrI= regularly=spaced=timber=ribs.=qhe=vault=hangs=frçm=the=trussesW=it=was=çriginally=suspended=frçm=the=truss=chçrd=by=means=çf==timber=plates=nailed=tç=the=chçrd=and=tç=the=timber=ribs=çf=the=vault.=qhe=cçnnectiçn=assçciates=the=mçtiçn=çf=the=vault=tç=that=çf=the=trusses.=Althçugh=the=weight=çf=the=vault=is=cçmparatively=mçdestI=it=induces=bending=in=the=chçrd.==== 3KOK ptrengthening interventions of NVUM fn=the=last=quarter=çf=the=OMth=centuryI=severe==earthquakes=hit= the=cçuntryI=alsç=in=areas=fairly=clçse=tç=i’Aquila.= qhe=amçunt= çf= damage= suffered=by=histçric= masçnry=buildings= in= these= events= induced= tç=take= preventive= measures= in= view= çf= mitigating= the= effects= çf= future= earthquakes.= peismic=strengthening= was= carried= çut= çn= a= quantity= çf= residential= buildingsI= fçr= which= extraçrdinary=maintenance= çperatiçns= fçr= different= reasçns= had= been= çr= were= tç= be= plannedI= and= fçr= mçst= çf= the=heritage=buildings= in= the=area.=ptrengthening=was= perfçrmed=accçrding= tç= the=mçdalities= çf= the=time=and=fçllçwing=the=indicatiçns=çf=the=natiçnal=design=cçde.=fn=the=regiçnI=interventiçns=ranged=frçm=the=insertiçn =çf =steel =ties =tç =the =cçnstructiçn =çf =cçncrete =ring =beams =at =stçrey =and =tçp =levelsI =tç =the =reinfçrcement=çf=flççrs=with=cçncrete=capsI=etc.=qhere=was=a=clear=trendI=hçweverI=tçward=interventiçn=executed= in= a= particularly= massive= way.= cçr= the= church= çf= pan= BiagiçI= as= fçr= many= çthers= in= tçwnI= =slabs=cçmpçsed=çf==hçllçw=brick=elements=and=cçncreteI=bçrdered=with=a=cçncrete=ringI=were=cast=çver=the=rççf=structure.=qhe=intentiçn=was=tç=create=a=strçng=link=cçnnecting=the=facing=walls=under=the=rççf=and= guarantee= a= bçx= behaviçr= tç= the= upper= part= çf= the= church= that= = appeared= mçre= vulnerable= with=respect=tç=the=main=part=çf=the=buildingI=restrained=by=the=surrçunding=buildings=çf=the=blçck.=cigure=P=shçws=details=çf=the=sectiçn=çf=the=slab=laid=çver=the=çriginal=truss.===

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cigK 3 qhe=rççf=structure=cçvered=with=a=brick=and=cçncrete=slab 3K3K The interventions of OMMR-S At=the=beginning=çf=the=ONst=centuryI= in=view=çf=recçnsecrating=and=reçpening=the=churchI=which=had=been= fçr= sçme= time= clçsed= and= destined= tç= different= usesI= variçus= restçratiçn= interventiçns= were=planned= and= carried= çut.= jçst= çf= them= were= fçr= its= refurbishing= çnly= and= nçt= related= tç= structural=cçnditiçns.=lne=çperatiçnI=hçweverI=was=directed=tç=imprçve=the=situatiçn=çf=the=cçnnectiçn=between=trusses=and=barrel=vault.=jçst=çf=the=nailed=cçnnecting=bçards=were=substituted=with=steel=cablesI=with=the=idea=çf=permitting=a=mçre=flexible=relatiçn=between=the=light=and=delicate=vault=and=the=rçbust=truss=which=cçuld=have=entailed=rigidly=the=fçrmer=in=its=mçtiçn=beyçnd=its=capabilities.=

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NSVR=

QK ANAivpfp lc pbfpMfC BbeAsflo =qhe= questiçn= that= has= raised= much= interest= and= debate= abçut= the= massive= and= stiff= strengthening=interventiçns= carried= çut= in= the= i’Aquila= regiçn= is= whetherI= and= pçssibly= tç= what= extentI= they= have=triggered= damage= rather= than= avçiding= it.= = crçm=the=pçint= çf= view=çf= vulnerability= assessmentI= this=questiçn=is=çf=particular=interest=fçr=the=reasçns=described=previçusly.==cçr= the=church= çf= pan=Biagiç= in=particularI= = the=data= available= çn= the= rççf= histçryI= the=pçssibility=çf=inspectiçn= çf= the= church= after= the= earthquake=during= damage= assessment= çperatiçnsI= and= çf= the= rççf=structure= at= the= beginning= çf= recçnstructiçn= çffered= the= çccasiçn= fçr= investigating= the= relatiçnship=between=the=strengthening=çf=the=rççf=and=the=cçllapse=çf=the=tympanum.==fn=çrder=tç=clarify=this=pçintI=a= finite= element= mçdel= has= been=develçped=and= a= series= çf= mçdal= and= seismic= analyses= in= different=cçnditiçns=have=been=perfçrmed.=diven= the= type=çf= failureI= the=mçst= interesting=quantity=tç=cçmpare=was=the=maximum=lçngitudinal=displacement=in=cçrrespçndence=with=the=ridge=beam.==QKNK The models qhe=basic=mçdel=çf=the=rççf=structure=was=develçped=with=beam=elements=and=is=represented=in=cig.=4.=qhe=same=mçdel=was=used=fçr=the=twç=cases=çf=structure=befçre=and=after=the=additiçn=çf=the=slab.=qhe=general=geçmetry=and=the=crçss=sectiçns=çf=the=elements=cçuld=be=either=measured=çr=clçsely=estimatedX=given=the=regularity=çf=the=prçfilesI=their=descriptiçn=did=nçt=cçnstitute=a=maàçr=mçdeling=prçblem.=cçr=what= cçncerns= the=mçdeling=çf=materialI= = prçperties= cçmpatible=with=chestnut= in= the=fiber=directiçnI=namely= an= elasticity= mçdulus= bM= == VMMM= jmaI= have= been= adçptedX= yetI= fçr= making= results= mçre=cçmpleteI= the= main= analyses= have= been= repeated= alsç= with= reference= tç= prçperties= çf= çther= species.=qhese=will=nçt=be=discussed=here.=salues=çf=material=prçperties=in=the=çrthçgçnal=directiçns=are=much=lçwerI=yet=they=wçuld=nçt=influence=significantly=the=resultsI=given=the=mçdel=type=and=the=fact=that=nç=detailing=çf=the=àçints=çr=çther=transversal=effects=cçuld=enter=at=the=mçdel=level=adçpted.===

==

cigK Q=qhe=mçdel==qhe=effects=çf=different=levels=çf=restraint==çn=the=trusses=were=cçmparedI=but=their=influence=çn=results=was=mçdest.=fnternal=cçnstraints=at=àçints=were=represented=as=simply=pinned.=thile=semirigidity=data=were= available= in= the= literature= = xUJNMz= and= had= been= used= in= cases= çf= cçnnectiçns= with= metal=cçnnectçrs=çf=variçus=typesI=resulting=in=a=mçderate=increase=çf=the=vibratiçn=periçdsI=in=the=range=çf=NM=percent.=fn=the=current=structureI=the=main=àçints=were=nçt=bçund=çr=clçsed=by=cçnnectçrsI=and=likely=tç= present= a= lçwer= degree= çf= stiffness.= `çnsidering= that= the= fçcus= çf= the= wçrk= was= çn= maximum=displacementsI=it=was=deemed=mçre=apprçpriate=nçt=tç=çverestimate=stiffnesses.=fn=the=same=perspectiveI=the=twç=cases=analyzed=were=distinguished=by=the=absence=çr=presence=çf=the=slab=abçve= the=trusses.= Alsç=cçnsidering= the=uncertainty= in=the=adherence=and=cçllabçratiçn=with= the=trusses=underneatI=the=slab=was=nçt=mçdeledI=but=simply=added=as=massI=underestimating=its=stiffening=effect= and= assigning= the= lçad= carrying= rçle= tç= the= trusses.= qhe= masses= in= the= twç= cases= cçuld= be=estimated=with=satisfactçry=precisiçnI=as=the=cçnstructiçn=details=çf=the=slabs=were=visible.= QKOK aynamic behavior jçdal=analysis=is=an=useful=tççl=fçr=recçgnizing=the=mechanical=characteristics=çf=a=structure=and=the=type=çf=respçnse=that=it=can=present=in=static=and=in=seismic=cçnditiçns.==qhe=rççf=structureI=with=çr=withçut=rççf=slabsI=presented=first=a=series=çf=mçdes=invçlving=trusses=in=their=planes=Ecig.=RF.=qhe=lçngitudinal=directiçnI=cçrrespçnding=tç=the=nave=axisI=presented=its=first=mçde=as=the=sixth=in= the=general=mçde=sequence.=qhis=result= cçuld=be=expectedI= due=tç=the=shçrt= spacing=çf= trusses=

=

NSVS=

cçmpared=tç=their=span.=`çntrary=tç=the=truss=mçdesI=each=with=a=lçw=participating=mass=and=individually=lçw=significanceI=the=first=lçngitudinal=mçde=Ecig.=RFI=with=participating=mass=çver=UR=percentI=dçminated=in= the= cçrrespçnding= directiçnI= engaging= the= entire= structure= in= a=lçngitudinal= displacement.= qhe=cçrrespçnding=periçd=was=M.4N=s=and=M.RS=s= fçr= the=case=withçut=and=with=slab= lçadI= respectively.=qhe=diagram=in=cig.=S=represents=periçds=fçr=the=first=NO=mçdes=fçr=bçth=cases.==

=cigK R=jçde=çf=vibratiçn=in=the=truss=plane=EleftF=and=in=the=lçngitudinal=directiçn=ErightF=

=

=cigK S=meriçdI=in=secçndsI=fçr=the=different=mçdal=fçrmsX=the=lçwer=lines=cçrrespçnd=tç=periçds=çf=the=çriginal=

structureI=fçr=different=levels=çf=restraint=çf=the=trussI=the=upper=çne=tç=the=strengthened=case= QK3K oesponse to seismic action peismic=analyses=have=been=perfçrmed=in=the=linear=field=with=respçnse=spectra=as=well=as=calculating=the=respçnse=by=integratiçn=çf=mçtiçn=in=the=time=dçmain.==cirstI=analyses=have=been=perfçrmed=with=the=respçnse=spectrum=given=fçr=the=site=by=the=ftalian=design=cçde=accçrding=tç=the=natiçnal=seismicity=mapI=acting=in=the=lçngitudinal=directiçnX=this=analysis=wçuld=give=indicatiçns=çn=the=respçnse=tç=the=earthquake=that=wçuld=be=currently=cçnsidered=fçr=designX=the=spectrum= has= been= generated= fçr= a= return= periçd= çf= 4TR= yearsI= which= is= the= nçrmal= case= and= an=internatiçnal= referenceX= cçnsidering= the= impçrtance= çf= the= churchI= a= secçnd= analysis= has= been=perfçrmed=fçr=a=return=periçd=çf=VTR=years.====fn=a=secçnd=set=çf=analysesI=the=characteristics=çf=the=i’Aquila=earthquake=sequence=were=cçnsidered.=qhe=i’Aquila=sequence=cçmprised=a= main=shçckI=a= strçng=preJeventI= sçme=aftershçcks=çf=significant=intensityI= and=very=numerçus=çther= events= çf= decreasing= impçrtance.=Because= the=respçnse=spectrum=frçm= a= single= event= alçneI= namely= the= mainshçckI= wçuld= nçt= be= meaningful= in= a= spectral= analysis=perspectiveI=a=selectiçn=çf=T=recçrds=frçm=different=statiçnsI=including=but=nçt=limited=tç=recçrds=çf=the=mainshçckI=has=been=used.=diven=the=variety=çf=recçrdsI=scaling=has=been=necessary=fçr=cçmpatibilityI==making=reference=tç=the=VTR=years=cçde=spectrumX=average=respçnse=spectra=were=generated=and=used=in= the= analysis.= cigure= T= shçws= the= VTR= years= respçnse= spectrum= frçm= the= cçde= and= the= average=spectrum= frçm= the= scaled= i’Aquila= recçrds= in= the= tJb= and= kJp= cçmpçnent.= qhe= earthquake= had=a=strçng=cçmpçnent=in=the=lçngitudinal=directiçn=çf=the=church.=

=

NSVT=

= =

cigK TK=oespçnse=spectrum=frçm=the=i’Aquila=earthquake=Eindented=lineF=and=frçm=cçde=fçr=a=VTR=years=return=periçdI=tJb=EleftFI=kJp=ErightFX=periçdsI=in=secçndsI=çn=abscissas=and=percentage=çf=gravity=çn=çrdinates=

qhe=mçst=interesting=result=çf=these=analyses=is=the=lçngitudinal=displacement=çf=the=ridge=beamI=which=is=the=highest=displacement=çf=the=system.=pyntheticallyI=values=reached=fçr=the=çriginal=structure=were=apprçximately= 4.R=cm= and= = P.T=cm= fçr= the= cçde= spectrum= at= VTR= and= 4TR= years= çf= return= periçd=respectivelyI= and= P=cm= fçr= the= i’Aquila= based= spectrum.= `çrrespçnding= values= fçr= the= heavier=structure=were=T.RI=RI=and=P.U=cm.==jany =cçnsideratiçns =stem =frçm =these =simple =results. =diven =the =characteristics =çf =the =i’Aquila =earthquake=yielding= the=adçpted=shape=çf= the= cçde=spectrumI= the=cçrrespçnding=displacements= were=much=lçwer=than=the=VTR=years=spectrum=even=with=the=same=peak=grçund=acceleratiçn=and=were=lçwer=than= the= 4TR= years= case.= fn= terms= çf= the= effect= çf= çverlçad= frçm= the= interventiçnI= the= lçngitudinal=displacement= did= increaseI= but= the= increase=amçunted= tç= a= OS= percent= apprçximately.= qhe= levels= çf=stress=in=the=elements=were=checked=and=fçund=in=the=elastic=dçmain=fçr=all=the=cases.==QKQK lther intervention modalities fn=çrder=tç=çbtain=a=mçre=cçmplete=visiçn=çf=the=prçblemI=the=effect=çf=a=different=pçssible=type=çf=interventiçn=devised=tç=stiffen=the=rççf=transversally=has=been=examined.=pteel=bracings=have=been=assumed=in=different=pçsitiçns=çf=the=pentsI=as=in=cig.=U.=qhis=interventiçn=wçuld=nçt=increase=masses=and=wçuld=be=mçre=in=agreement=with=current=cçnservatiçn=principles.==qhe=cçnsequent=reductiçn=in=the=maximum=displacement=amçunted=tç=ST=percent=çf=the=çriginal=value.=

=

cigK U=mçsitiçn=çf=bracings=çn=the=rççf=structure=

=RK ClNCirpflNp

qhe= first= cçnsideratiçn= that= stems= frçm= a= cçmparisçn= çf= results= cçncerns= the= values= çf= maximum=displacements.= qhe= value= at= the= ridge= plateI= as= nçted= abçveI= grçws= appreciably= frçm= the= çriginal=structure= tç= that= with= increased= mass= derived= frçm= the= interventiçn.= vetI= in= the= twç= cases= the=displacements=are=in=the=same=çrder=çf=magnitude.=ft=has=tç=be=pçinted=çut=that=the=increase=çf=stiffnessI=

=

NSVU=

which= wçuld= likely= reduce= the= defçrmability= çf= the= system= alsç= in= the= lçngitudinal= directiçnI=cçnservatively= has= nçt= be= taken= intç= accçunt.= puch= displacements= are= in= the= range= çf= NL4MM= çf= the=height=çf=the=timpanum=tçp=frçm=grçund=andI=as=absçlute=values=they=may=cçnstitute=a=prçblem=at=the=cçrrespçnding=level=in=the=wall.=qhe=tympanum=area=in=the=façade=was=tç=a=large=extent=unrestrainedI=because=çf=the=presence=çf=the=windçw=belçw=and=fçr=the=lack=çf=cçnnectiçn=that=was=çbserved=with=the=rççf=structure=at=the=tçp.=AdditiçnallyI=sçme=irregularities=in=the=masçnry=texture=çn=the=lçwer=left=bçrder=were=presentI=as=they=cçuld=be=nçted=in=images=çf=the=church=befçre=the=earthquake.=A=suitable=interventiçn= shçuld= have= limited= the= displacement= çf= the= rççf= and= simultaneçusly= develçped=a=cçnnectiçn= fçr= the= tympanum= tçp= tç= increase= restraint= at= its= bçrder.= qhis= interventiçn= wçuld= have=been= necessary= even= if= the= strengthening= prçàectI= accçrding= tç= the= trend= çf= the= timeI= cçnsidered= =irrençunceable=tç=cast=the=rççf=slabs.==qhe=applicatiçn=çf=bracingsI= as= an=example=çf= the= less= invasive=and= lighter= strengthening=typçlçgies=that=wçuld=be=cçnsidered=nçwadaysI=seems=effective=fçr=displacement=limitatiçnsX=the=need=fçr=better=cçnnectiçn=çf=rççf=and=wall=wçuld=remain=in=any=case.=crçm= the= pçint= çf= view= çf= vulnerability= analysisI= cçnsidering= the= results= çf= pan= BiagiçI= the= sçle=presence=çf=a=massive=element=shçuld=nçt=bring=autçmatically=tç=the=mçst=negative=evaluatiçn.=fn=any=caseI=mçre=studies=çn=different=cases=will=be=necessary=in=çrder=tç=assçciate=interventiçn=parameters=tç=the=effects.==Althçugh=this=wçrk=has=nçt=fçcused=çn=the=vertical=cçmpçnent=çf=mçtiçnI=the=damage=suffered=by=the=barrel=vaultI=which=was=limited=and=lçcalI==has=indicated=that=reducing=its=cçnnectiçn=with=the=truss=has=effectively=limited=the=damage=that=cçuld=result=frçm=drag=actiçn.==AChNltibadbMbNTp =cinancial=suppçrt=frçm=the=oeirfp=J=amA=mrçàect=OMNMJOMNP=is=gratefully=acknçwledged.===obcbobNCbp xNz marisiI=j.=A.I=`hesiI=`.I=qardiniI=`.I=miazzaI=j.I=EOMMUF.=peismic=vulnerability=and=preservatiçn=çf=

timber=rççf=structures.=fnW=mrocs SAeCM8I=BathI=pp.=NORPJNOSM.=xOz marisiI= j.= A.I= `hesiI= `.I= qardiniI= `.I= miazzaI= j.I= EOMMVF.= qraditiçnal= qimber= oççf= ptructuresW=

peismic= sulnerability= Assessment= and= mreservatiçn.= fnW mrocsI mrohitech ConferenceI= pp.=PVNJPVSI=oçme.=

xPz marisiI= j.A.I= `hesiI= `.I= qardiniI`.= EOMNNF.= ptructural= `çnditiçns= and= seismic= vulnerability= çf=timber= rççfs.= fnW mrocs fnternational Conference on Structural eealth of qimber StructuresI SeAqfSX=iisbçnI=gune=NSJNT.=

x4z marisi=j.=A.I=oiggiçI=j.=m.I=qardiniI=`.I=miazzaI=j.=EOMNMF.=oehabilitatiçn=çf=timber=structures=and=seismic=vulnerabilityW=a=case=study.=fnW=mrocs SAeC1MI=phangaiI=pp.=T4NJT4S.=

xRz marisiI =j.A.I =miazzaI =j.I =`hesiI =`. =EOMNNF. =peismic=respçnse=çf =traditiçnal =timber=elements =and=rççf= structuresW= learning= frçm= the=i’Aquila= earthquake.= fnW= mrocsK fnternational Conference on Structural eealth of qimber StructuresI SeAqfSX=iisbçnI=gune=NSJNT.=

xSz BindaI=i.I=`hesiI=`.I=marisi.=EOMNMF.=peismic=damage=tç=churchesW=çbservatiçns=frçm=the=i’AquilaI=ftalyI=earthquake=and=cçnsideratiçns=çn=a=case=study.=fnW=mrocs SAeC1MI=phangaiI=pp.=S4NJS4S.=

xTz jarsiliI=`.=EOMMSF.=SK Biagio AmiternoI oelazione storicoJartistica.=Ein=italianFI=oepçrtI=jinisterç=per=i=Beni=e=le=Attività=culturaliI=i’Aquila.=

xUz marisiI= j.A.I= miazzaI= j.= EOMMOF.= peismic= Behaviçr= and= oetrçfitting= çf= gçints= in= qraditiçnal=qimber=oççf=ptructuresI=fnW=Soil aynamics and barthquake bngineeringI=OOI=pp.=NNUPJNNVN.=

xVz `hesiI =`.I =marisiI =j.A.I =qardiniI =`.I =EOMMUF. =`çnceziçne =strutturale =e =rispçsta =sismica =delle =strutture=lignee=di=cçpertura.=Ein=falianF.=fnW=fngegneria=pismicaI=uusI=EPFI=PSJ4T.=

xNMz marisiI= j.A.I= `hesiI= `.I= qardiniI`.I= EOMNOF.= fnferring= seismic= behaviçur= frçm= mçrphçlçgy= in=timber=rççfs.=fnW=fnternational gournal of Architectural eeritageI=SW=NMMJNNS.=